Editing 2000s

{{short description|Decade of the Gregorian calendar (2000–2009)}}
{{other uses}}
{{use mdy dates|date=May 2025}}
<imagemap>File:2000s decade montage3.png|From top left, clockwise: The Twin Towers of the original [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] on fire and the [[Statue of Liberty]] on the left during the '''[[September 11 attacks|terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001]]'''; the '''[[euro]]''' enters into European currency in 2002; a statue of [[Saddam Hussein]] being toppled during the '''[[Iraq War]]''' in 2003, and in 2006, Hussein would be [[Execution of Saddam Hussein|executed]] for crimes against humanity; U.S. troops heading toward an army helicopter in [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Afghanistan]] during the '''[[war on terror]]'''; '''[[social media platforms]]''' on the internet [[Web 2.0|become widely popular]]; a Chinese soldier gazes at the '''[[2008 Summer Olympics]]''' commencing in [[Beijing]]; the [[2008 financial crisis]], the largest '''[[financial crisis]]''' since the [[Great Depression]]; '''[[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|a tsunami from the Indian Ocean earthquake]]''' kills over 230,000 in 2004, and becomes the strongest earthquake since the [[1964 Alaska earthquake]]|335px|thumb
rect 1 1 234 178 [[September 11 attacks]]
rect 236 1 371 178 [[Euro]]
rect 374 1 495 90 91 181 [[Iraq War]]
rect 244 181 366 326 369 181 495 [[War on Terror]]
rect 327 330 494 486 [[Social media]]
rect 165 330 324 487 [[2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Beijing Olympics]]
rect 1 331 163 487 [[2008 financial crisis]]
rect 3 181 241 327 [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami]]
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{{Decadebox|200}}

The '''2000s''' (pronounced "two-thousands"; shortened to "the '00s" and also known as "the aughts" or "the noughties") was the [[decade]] that began on January 1, 2000, and ended on December 31, 2009.

During this period, the world underwent major political, economic, and technological transformations, including the [[September 11 attacks]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=September 11 attacks |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/September-11-attacks |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2025-05-21}}</ref> the devastation of [[Hurricane Katrina]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hurricane Katrina: 10 Years Later |url=https://time.com/3991634/hurricane-katrina-anniversary-new-orleans/ |website=TIME |date=2015-08-28 |access-date=2025-05-21}}</ref> and the outbreak of the [[2008 financial crisis]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Financial Crisis of 2007–08 |url=https://www.britannica.com/money/financial-crisis-of-2007-2008/Key-events-of-the-crisis |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2025-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What Was the Subprime Mortgage Crisis? |url=https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/09/subprime-market-2008.asp |website=Investopedia |access-date=2025-05-21}}</ref>

<!-- Economy -->
The early part of the decade saw the long-predicted breakthrough of economic giants in Asia, like [[Economy of India|India]] and [[Economy of China|China]], which had double-digit growth during nearly the whole decade. It is also benefited from an economic boom, which saw the two most populous countries becoming an increasingly dominant economic force. The rapid catching-up of emerging economies with developed countries sparked some [[protectionist]] tensions during the period and was partly responsible for an increase in energy and [[food prices]] at the end of the decade. The economic developments in the latter third of the decade were dominated by a worldwide economic downturn, which started with the [[subprime mortgage crisis|crisis in housing and credit]] in the United States in late 2007 and led to the bankruptcy of major banks and other financial institutions. The outbreak of the [[2008 financial crisis]] sparked the [[Great Recession]], beginning in the United States and affecting most of the industrialized world.

<!-- Internet -->
<!-- Only mention individual websites if they were among the top 10 most popular. See "Popular websites" section for cite. -->
The decade saw the rise of the [[Internet]], which grew from covering 6.7% to 25.7% of the world population. This contributed to [[globalization]] during the decade, which allowed faster communication among people around the world;<ref>Ludden D (1998). [http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~dludden/global2.htm ''The newness of globalization: A schematic view of the historical zones of territoriality''] [[University of Pennsylvania]]. Unfinished draft. Retrieved December 30, 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331100833/http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~dludden/global2.htm|date=March 31, 2012 }}</ref><ref>Gordon PH; Meunier S (2001). ''The French challenge: Adapting to globalization.'' Washington, D.C.: Brookings.</ref><ref>Heizo T; Ryokichi C (1998). [http://www.jcie.org/researchpdfs/DomAdjst/takenaka-chida.pdf "Japan"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406132050/http://www.jcie.org/researchpdfs/DomAdjst/takenaka-chida.pdf |date=April 6, 2011 }}. ''Domestic Adjustments to Globalization'' (CE Morrison & H Soesastro, Eds.). Tokyo: [[Japan Center for International Exchange]], pp. 76–102. Retrieved December 30, 2009.</ref><ref>Fry EH (2003). [http://www.nlc.org/ASSETS/41DD6934C7C441F79C2281B9B61E696F/ipadaptingfrykit.pdf ''Local governments adapting to globalization'']. [[National League of Cities]]. Retrieved December 30, 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105162126/http://www.nlc.org/ASSETS/41DD6934C7C441F79C2281B9B61E696F/ipadaptingfrykit.pdf|date=January 5, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Haarstad |first1=Håvard |last2=Fløysand |first2=Arnt |title=Globalization and the power of rescaled narratives: A case of opposition to mining in Tambogrande, Peru |journal=Political Geography |date=March 2007 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=289–308 |doi=10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.10.014 |issn=0962-6298}}</ref> [[Social networking service|social networking sites]] arose as a new way for people to stay in touch from distant locations, as long as they had [[internet connection|internet access]]. [[Myspace]] was the most popular social networking website until June 2009, when Facebook overtook it in number of American users. [[Email]] continued to be popular throughout the decade and began to replace "[[Mail|snail mail]]" as the primary way of sending letters and other messages to people in distant locations. [[Google]], [[YouTube]], [[Ask.com]] and [[Wikipedia]] emerged to become among the top 10 most popular websites. [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] overtook [[eBay]] as the most-visited e-commerce site in 2008. [[AOL]] significantly declined in popularity throughout the decade, falling from being the most popular website to no longer being within the top 10. [[Excite (web portal)|Excite]] and [[Lycos]] fell outside the top 10, and [[MSN]] fell from the second to sixth most popular site, though it quadrupled its monthly visits. [[Yahoo!]] maintained relatively stable popularity, remaining the most popular website for most of the decade.

<!-- Politics and conflicts -->
The [[war on terror]] and [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]] began after the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001. The [[International Criminal Court]] was formed in 2002. In 2003, a United States-led coalition invaded [[Iraq]], and the [[Iraq War]] led to the end of [[Saddam Hussein]]'s rule as Iraqi President and the [[Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)|Ba'ath Party]] in Iraq. [[Al-Qaeda]] and affiliated [[Islamism|Islamist]] militant groups performed terrorist acts throughout the decade. The [[Second Congo War]], the deadliest conflict since World War II, ended in July 2003. Further wars that ended included the [[Algerian Civil War]], the [[Angolan Civil War]], the [[Sierra Leone Civil War]], the [[Second Liberian Civil War]], the [[Nepalese Civil War]], and the [[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]]. Wars that began included the [[conflict in the Niger Delta]], the [[Houthi insurgency]], and the [[Mexican drug war]].

<!-- Climate change -->
[[Climate change]] and [[Climate change|global warming]] became common concerns in the 2000s. Prediction tools made significant progress during the decade, [[United Nations|UN]]-sponsored organizations such as the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] gained influence, and studies such as the [[Stern Review]] influenced public support for paying the political and economic costs of countering climate change. The global temperature kept climbing during the decade. In December 2009, the [[World Meteorological Organization]] (WMO) announced that the 2000s may have been the warmest decade since records began in 1850, with four of the five warmest years since 1850 having occurred in this decade. The WMO's findings were later echoed by the [[NASA]] and the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]. Major natural disasters included [[Cyclone Nargis]] in 2008 and earthquakes in [[2005 Kashmir earthquake|Pakistan]] and [[2008 Sichuan earthquake|China]] in 2005 and 2008, respectively. The deadliest natural disaster{{efn|Pandemics, such as the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], are typically classified in their own category whilst natural disasters include earthquakes, storms, volcanic eruptions, floods, etc.}} and most powerful earthquake of the 21st century occurred in 2004 when a 9.1–9.3 {{M|w|link=y}} [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|earthquake and its subsequent tsunami]] struck multiple nations in the Indian Ocean, killing 230,000 people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2004/us2004slav/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817004055/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2004/us2004slav/ |archive-date=August 17, 2012 |title=Magnitude 9.1 – OFF THE WEST COAST OF NORTHERN SUMATRA}}</ref>

<!-- Entertainment industry -->
Usage of [[computer-generated imagery]] became more widespread in films produced during the 2000s, especially with the success of 2001's ''[[Shrek]]'' and 2003's ''[[Finding Nemo]]'', the latter becoming the best-selling [[DVD]] of all time. Anime films gained more exposure outside Japan with the release of ''[[Spirited Away]]''. 2009's ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' became the [[List of highest-grossing films|highest-grossing film]]. Documentary and [[mockumentary]] films, such as ''[[March of the Penguins]]'', ''[[Super Size Me]]'', ''[[Borat]]'' and ''[[Surf's Up (film)|Surf's Up]]'', were popular in the 2000s. 2004's ''[[Fahrenheit 9/11]]'' by [[Michael Moore]] was the highest grossing documentary of all time. Online films became popular, and conversion to [[digital cinema]] started. Video game consoles released in this decade included the [[PlayStation 2]], [[Xbox (console)|Xbox]], [[GameCube]], [[Wii]], [[PlayStation 3]] and [[Xbox 360]]; while portable video game consoles included the [[Game Boy Advance]], [[Nintendo DS]] and [[PlayStation Portable]]. ''[[Wii Sports]]'' was the decade's best-selling console video game, while ''[[New Super Mario Bros.]]'' was the decade's best-selling portable video game. [[J. K. Rowling]] was the best-selling author in the decade overall thanks to the ''[[Harry Potter]]'' book series, although she did not pen the best-selling individual book, being second to ''[[The Da Vinci Code]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Savage |first=Mark |date=31 December 2009 |title=The noughties in literature |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8424600.stm |work=BBC News |location= |access-date=10 January 2021 |archive-date=March 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326032105/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8424600.stm |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Eminem]] was named the music artist of the decade by ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''.

During this decade, the world population grew from 6.1 to 6.9 billion people. Approximately 1.35 billion people were born, and 550 million people died.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/WLD/world/population-growth-rate |title=World Population Growth Rate 1950–2022 |access-date=October 19, 2022 |archive-date=October 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005153754/https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/WLD/world/population-growth-rate |url-status=live}}</ref>

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== {{Anchor|name}}Name for the decade ==
Orthographically, the decade can be written as the "2000s" or the {{" '}}00s". In the English-speaking world, a name for the decade was not immediately accepted as it had been for other decades such as the [[1980s]] and [[1990s]] ('80s, '90s).<ref name="news.yahoo.com">{{cite web |last=Hitchings |first=Leah |date=December 8, 2000 |title=Even with 10 years to decide, still no name for the decade |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ynews_deca/ynews_deca_ts1010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117172425/https://news.yahoo.com/s/ynews_deca/ynews_deca_ts1010 |archive-date=2010-01-17 |url-status=live |access-date=February 13, 2012 |publisher=News.yahoo.com}}</ref><ref>Washington Examiner, December 1, 2009; modified March 16, 2012. [http://washingtonexaminer.com/say-goodbye-to-the-aughts-zeros-2000s-whatever/article/18865 Say, goodbye to the aughts, zeros, 2000s, whatever]. retrieved March 1, 2013. {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130412033333/http://washingtonexaminer.com/say-goodbye-to-the-aughts-zeros-2000s-whatever/article/18865|date=April 12, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |title=What Do You Call It? |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/01/04/what-do-you-call-it |access-date=2017-04-22 |magazine=The New Yorker |date=27 December 2009 |archive-date=2017-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516115810/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/01/04/what-do-you-call-it |url-status=live |last1=Mead |first1=Rebecca}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=January 1, 2000 |title=The noughties: So where are we now? |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1999/02/99/e-cyclopedia/585224.stm |access-date=April 21, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512230010/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1999/02/99/e-cyclopedia/585224.stm |archive-date=2014-05-12 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BBC-name">{{cite news |last=Rohrer |first=Finlo |date=December 31, 2009 |title=Decade dilemma |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/8436194.stm |access-date=April 21, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214202127/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/8436194.stm |archive-date=2013-12-14 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The '''''aughts''''' ([[American English]])<ref>{{cite Merriam-Webster|aughts}}</ref><ref>{{cite OED|aughts |id=50734758 |short=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/aughts |title=aughts |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> or '''''noughties''''' ([[British English]])<ref>{{cite OED|noughties |short=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/noughties |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119164009/https://www.lexico.com/definition/noughties |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 19, 2021 |title=noughties |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> arise from the words ''[[aught]]'' and ''[[nought]]'' respectively, both meaning [[zero]]. The ''noughties'' became a common name for the decade in the United Kingdom<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/davehillblog/2011/mar/29/leyton-orient-olympic-hockey-astroturf-connection |location=London |work=The Guardian |first=Dave |last=Hill |title=Olympic hockey and Leyton Orient: the astroturf connection |date=March 29, 2011 |access-date=November 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526025448/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/davehillblog/2011/mar/29/leyton-orient-olympic-hockey-astroturf-connection |archive-date=2012-05-26 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/6198897/100-songs-that-defined-the-Noughties.html |location=London |work=The Daily Telegraph |first=Neil |last=McCormick |title=100 songs that defined the Noughties |date=September 18, 2009 |access-date=November 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513021304/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/6198897/100-songs-that-defined-the-Noughties.html |archive-date=2014-05-13 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/the_way_we_live/article6881549.ece |location=London |work=The Times |title=The Noughties year by year |date=October 20, 2009 |first=Sophie |last=Tedmanson |access-date=November 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818200111/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/the_way_we_live/article6881549.ece |archive-date=2011-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/28/spain-at-glance-guide |location=London |work=The Guardian |first=Giles |last=Tremlett |title=At-a-glance guide to Spain |date=March 28, 2011 |access-date=November 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529061916/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/28/spain-at-glance-guide |archive-date=2012-05-29 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/mar/23/budget-2011-chancellor-to-close-online-vat-loophole |location=London |work=The Guardian |first=Simon |last=Bowers |title=Budget 2011: Chancellor moves to close online VAT loophole |date=March 23, 2011 |access-date=November 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206163711/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/mar/23/budget-2011-chancellor-to-close-online-vat-loophole |archive-date=2013-02-06 |url-status=live}}</ref> and in New Zealand and Australia.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/features/the-roaring-noughties/story-e6frg6z6-1225813622788 |work=The Australian |first=Cameron |last=Stewart |title=The roaring noughties |date=December 26, 2009 |access-date=March 3, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/never-so-good-20091225-lezs.html |work=Sydney Morning Herald |first=John |last=Huxley |title=Never so good |date=December 26, 2009 |access-date=March 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105135323/http://www.smh.com.au/national/never-so-good-20091225-lezs.html |archive-date=2012-11-05 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Although use of the word ''aught'' to refer to zero is not widespread in the United States, the use of ''aughts'' to identify the decade became common there.<ref>{{cite news |last=Irwin |first=Neil |date=January 2, 2010 |title=Aughts were a lost decade for U.S. economy, workers |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/01/AR2010010101196.html |access-date=November 30, 2011 |archive-date=August 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820082853/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/01/AR2010010101196.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Noveck |first1=Jocelyn |title=50 things that changed our lives in the aughts |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/50-things-that-changed-our-lives-in-the-aughts/ |website=Seattle Times |access-date=28 February 2021 |date=December 21, 2009 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314202622/https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/50-things-that-changed-our-lives-in-the-aughts/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okwodu |first=Janelle |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Paris Hilton Remains the Ultimate Aughts Muse |url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/paris-hilton-style-evolution-aughts-muse |access-date=2021-02-28 |website=Vogue |language=en-us |archive-date=2021-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302081435/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/paris-hilton-style-evolution-aughts-muse |url-status=live}}</ref>

Other spoken-word possibilities included "two-thousands", "twenty hundreds", "ohs", "oh ohs", "double ohs", "zeros", and "double zeros".<ref name="Week-name">{{cite web |url=https://www.theweek.com/article/index/103534/Why_cant_we_name_this_decade |title=Why can't we name this decade? |publisher=Theweek.com |date=November 30, 2009 |access-date=February 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215042846/http://theweek.com/article/index/103534/Why_cant_we_name_this_decade |archive-date=December 15, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fulton |first=Robert |date=2009-12-31 |title=Say goodbye to the aughts, zeros, 2000s, whatever |url=http://washingtonexaminer.com/say-goodbye-to-the-aughts-zeros-2000s-whatever/article/18865 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512221527/http://washingtonexaminer.com/say-goodbye-to-the-aughts-zeros-2000s-whatever/article/18865 |archive-date=2014-05-12 |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=[[Washington Examiner]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2009/12/the_uhohs.html |title=What should we call the last decade? |website=slate.com |date=December 18, 2009 |access-date=August 18, 2018 |archive-date=August 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818215413/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2009/12/the_uhohs.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The years of the decade can be referred to as '01, '02, '03, etc., pronounced oh-one, oh-two, oh-three, etc.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

== Demographics ==
{{Main|Estimates of historical world population}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;font-size:small;"
!Year
![[United States Census Bureau]]
(2017)<ref name="census.gov">Data from [https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/worldpop/table_population.php U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521041303/https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/worldpop/table_population.php |date=May 21, 2017 }} Retrieved on 28 Oct, 2017</ref>
![[Population Reference Bureau]]
(1973–2016)<ref name="Population Reference Bureau">Data from [http://www.prb.org/Home.aspx Population Reference Bureau] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520091122/http://www.prb.org/Home.aspx |date=May 20, 2008 }}.

2016 estimate: (a) [http://www.prb.org/pdf16/prb-wpds2016-web-2016.pdf "2016 World Population Data Sheet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828162128/http://www.prb.org/pdf16/prb-wpds2016-web-2016.pdf |date=August 28, 2017 }}

2015 estimate: (b) Toshiko Kaneda, 2015, [http://www.prb.org/pdf15/2015-world-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf "2015 World Population Data Sheet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219062132/http://www.prb.org/pdf15/2015-world-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf |date=February 19, 2018 }}.

2014 estimate: (c) Carl Haub, 2014, [http://www.prb.org/pdf14/2014-world-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf "2014 World Population Data Sheet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218233032/http://www.prb.org/pdf14/2014-world-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf |date=February 18, 2018 }}.

2013 estimate: (d) Carl Haub, 2013, [http://www.prb.org/pdf13/2013-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf "2013 World Population Data Sheet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226072048/http://www.prb.org/pdf13/2013-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf |date=February 26, 2015 }}.

2012 estimate: (e) Carl Haub, 2012, [http://www.prb.org/pdf12/2012-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf "2012 World Population Data Sheet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521191647/http://www.prb.org/pdf12/2012-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf |date=May 21, 2014 }}.

2011 estimate: (f) Carl Haub, 2011, [http://www.prb.org/pdf11/2011population-data-sheet_eng.pdf "2011 World Population Data Sheet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118162350/http://www.prb.org/pdf11/2011population-data-sheet_eng.pdf |date=November 18, 2017 }}.

2010 estimate: (g) Carl Haub, 2010, [http://www.prb.org/pdf10/10wpds_eng.pdf "2010 World Population Data Sheet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109060416/http://www.prb.org/pdf10/10wpds_eng.pdf |date=January 9, 2018 }}.

2009 estimate: (h) Carl Haub, 2009, [http://www.prb.org/pdf09/09wpds_eng.pdf "2009 World Population Data Sheet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100422034436/http://www.prb.org/pdf09/09wpds_eng.pdf |date=April 22, 2010 }}.

2008 estimate: (i) Carl Haub, 2008, [http://www.prb.org/pdf08/08WPDS_Eng.pdf "2008 World Population Data Sheet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219150624/http://www.prb.org/pdf08/08WPDS_Eng.pdf |date=December 19, 2017 }}.

2007 estimate: (j) Carl Haub, 2007, [http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2007/2007WorldPopulationDataSheet.aspx "2007 World Population Data Sheet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224205549/http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2007/2007WorldPopulationDataSheet.aspx |date=February 24, 2011 }}.

2006 estimate: (k) Carl Haub, 2006, [http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2006/2006WorldPopulationDataSheet.aspx "2006 World Population Data Sheet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222075621/http://prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2006/2006WorldPopulationDataSheet.aspx |date=December 22, 2010 }}.

2005 estimate: (l) Carl Haub, 2005, [http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2005/2005WorldPopulationDataSheet.aspx "2005 World Population Data Sheet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414150237/http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2005/2005WorldPopulationDataSheet.aspx |date=April 14, 2011 }}.

2004 estimate: (m) Carl Haub, 2004, [http://www.prb.org/pdf04/04WorldDataSheet_ENG.pdf "2004 World Population Data Sheet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329104249/http://www.prb.org/pdf04/04worlddatasheet_eng.pdf |date=March 29, 2017 }}.

2003 estimate: (n) Carl Haub, 2003, [http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~psc/WorldPopulationDS03_Eng.pdf "2003 World Population Data Sheet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819182509/http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~psc/WorldPopulationDS03_Eng.pdf |date=August 19, 2019 }}.

2002 estimate: (o) Carl Haub, 2002, [http://www.prb.org/pdf/worldpopulationds02_eng.pdf "2002 World Population Data Sheet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209093516/http://www.prb.org/pdf/WorldPopulationDS02_Eng.pdf |date=December 9, 2017 }}.

2001 estimate: (p) Carl Haub, 2001, [http://www.ined.fr/fichier/s_rubrique/18790/publi_pdf2_pop_and_soc_english_370.en.pdf "2001 World Population Data Sheet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119024955/https://www.ined.fr/fichier/s_rubrique/18790/publi_pdf2_pop_and_soc_english_370.en.pdf |date=January 19, 2022 }}.

2000 estimate: (q) 2000, [http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2000/9BillionWorldPopulationby2050.aspx "9 Billion World Population by 2050"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201050626/http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2000/9BillionWorldPopulationby2050.aspx |date=February 1, 2018 }}.

1997 estimate: (r) 1997, [http://www.epidemiolog.net/evolving/DemographyBasics.pdf "Studying Populations"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111102658/http://www.epidemiolog.net/evolving/DemographyBasics.pdf |date=November 11, 2021 }}.

Estimates for 1995 and prior: (s) Carl Haub, 1995, [https://www.un.org/popin/popis/journals/poptoday/today0295.html "How Many People Have Ever Lived on Earth?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010185933/http://www.un.org/popin/popis/journals/poptoday/today0295.html |date=October 10, 2016 }} ''Population Today'', Vol. 23 (no. 2), pp. 5–6.</ref>
![[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]]
(2015)<ref name="The World at Six Billion, 1999">Data from [http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/panel_population.htm United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320035709/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/panel_population.htm |date=March 20, 2014 }}

1950–2100 estimates (only medium variants shown): (a) [http://esa.un.org/unpp/ World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511162049/http://esa.un.org/unpp/ |date=May 11, 2011 }}

Estimates prior to 1950: (b) [https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm "The World at Six Billion", 1999.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042434/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm |date=March 5, 2016 }}

Estimates from 1950 to 2100: (c) [http://www.geohive.com/earth/his_history3.aspx "Population of the entire world, yearly, 1950 – 2100", 2013.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119132504/http://www.geohive.com/earth/his_history3.aspx |date=November 19, 2016 }}

2014: (d) [http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Highlights/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf "2014 World Urbanization Prospects", 2014.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102043800/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Highlights/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf |date=November 2, 2014 }}

2015: (e) [http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/Key_Findings_WPP_2015.pdf "2015 World Urbanization Prospects", 2015.]</ref>
![[Angus Maddison|Maddison]]
(2008)<ref name="www.ggdc.net/maddison/Historical_Statistics">[http://www.theworldeconomy.org/publications/worldeconomy/ Angus Maddison, 2003, ''The World Economy: Historical Statistics'', Vol. 2, OECD, Paris] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513232041/http://www.theworldeconomy.org/publications/worldeconomy/ |date=May 13, 2008 }} {{ISBN|92-64-10412-7}}.

[http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/Historical_Statistics/horizontal-file_02-2010.xls "Statistical Appendix"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130172908/http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/historical_statistics/horizontal-file_02-2010.xls |date=January 30, 2021 }} (2008, ggdc.net) "The historical data were originally developed in three books: Monitoring the World Economy 1820–1992, OECD, Paris 1995; The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, OECD Development Centre, Paris 2001; The World Economy: Historical Statistics, OECD Development Centre, Paris 2003. All these contain detailed source notes. Figures for 1820 onwards are annual, wherever possible. For earlier years, benchmark figures are shown for 1 AD, 1000 AD, 1500, 1600 and 1700." "OECD countries GDP revised and updated 1991–2003 from National Accounts for OECD Countries, vol. I, 2006. Norway 1820–1990 GDP from Ola Grytten (2004), "The Gross Domestic Product for Norway, 1830-2003" in Eitrheim, Klovland and Qvigstad (eds), Historical Monetary Statistics for Norway, 1819–2003, Norges Bank, Oslo. Latin American GDP 2000–2003 revised and updated from ECLAC, Statistical Yearbook 2004 and preliminary version of the 2005 Yearbook supplied by Andre Hofman. For Chile, GDP 1820–2003 from Rolf Lűders (1998), "The Comparative Economic Performance of Chile 1810-1995", Estudios de Economia, vol. 25, no. 2, with revised population estimates from Diaz, J., R. Lűders, and G. Wagner (2005) Chili 1810–2000: la Republica en Cifras, mimeo, Instituto de Economia, Universidad Católica de Chile. For Peru, GDP 1896–1990 and population 1896–1949 from Bruno Seminario and Arlette Beltran, Crecimiento Economico en el Peru 1896–1995, Universidad del Pacifico, 1998. " "For Asia there are amendments to the GDP estimates for South and North Korea, 1911–74, to correct an error in Maddison (2003). Estimates for the Philippines, 1902–1940 were amended in line with Richard Hooley (2005), 'American Economic Policy in the Philippines, 1902–1940', Journal of Asian Economics, 16. 1820 estimates were amended for Hong Kong, the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and Thailand." "Asian countries GDP revised and updated 1998–2003 from AsianOutlook, April 2005. Population estimates for all countries except China and Indonesia revised and updated 1950–2008 and 2030 from International Data Base, International Programs Center, Population Division, US Bureau of the Census, April 2005 version. China's population 1990–2003 from China Statistical Yearbook 2005, China Statistics Press, Beijing. Indonesian population 1950–2003 kindly supplied by Pierre van der Eng. The figures now include three countries previously omitted: Cook Islands, Nauru and Tuvalu."</ref>
!HYDE
(2007)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Klein Goldewijk |first1=Kees |last2=Beusen |first2=Arthur |last3=Janssen |first3=Peter |title=Long-term dynamic modeling of global population and built-up area in a spatially explicit way: HYDE 3.1 |journal=The Holocene |date=June 2010 |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=565–573 |doi=10.1177/0959683609356587 |bibcode=2010Holoc..20..565K |s2cid=128905931}}</ref>
|-
|2000
|6,088,571,383
|6,067,000,000
|6,127,700,428
|6,076,558,000
|6,145,000,000
|-
|2001
|6,165,219,247
|6,137,000,000
|6,204,147,026
|6,154,791,000
|
|-
|2002
|6,242,016,348
|6,215,000,000
|6,280,853,817
|6,231,704,000
|
|-
|2003
|6,318,590,956
|6,314,000,000
|6,357,991,749
|6,308,364,000
|
|-
|2004
|6,395,699,509
|6,396,000,000
|6,435,705,595
|6,374,056,000
|
|-
|2005
|6,473,044,732
|6,477,000,000
|6,514,094,605
|6,462,987,000
|
|-
|2006
|6,551,263,534
|6,555,000,000
|6,593,227,977
|6,540,214,000
|
|-
|2007
|6,629,913,759
|6,625,000,000
|6,673,105,937
|6,616,689,000
|
|-
|2008
|6,709,049,780
|6,705,000,000
|6,753,649,228
|6,694,832,000
|
|-
|2009
|6,788,214,394
|6,809,972,000
|6,834,721,933
|6,764,086,000
(projected)
|
|}

== Politics and wars ==
{{See also|List of sovereign states in the 2000s}}The [[war on terror]] and [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]] began after the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001.<ref name="SecCounc">{{cite web |title=Security Council Condemns, 'In Strongest Terms', Terrorist Attacks on the United States |publisher=United Nations |date=September 12, 2001 <!-- was started under President George Jebidiah Bush Jr--> |url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2001/SC7143.doc.htm |access-date=September 11, 2006 |quote=The Security Council today, following what it called yesterday's "horrifying terrorist attacks" in New York, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania, unequivocally condemned those acts, and expressed its deepest sympathy and condolences to the victims and their families and to the people and Government of the United States. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909162055/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2001/SC7143.doc.htm |archive-date=September 9, 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="cbc-2004">{{cite news |title=Bin Laden claims responsibility for 9/11 |publisher=CBC News |date=October 29, 2004 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/bin-laden-claims-responsibility-for-9-11-1.513654 |access-date=January 11, 2009 |quote=al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden appeared in a new message aired on an Arabic TV station Friday night, for the first time claiming direct responsibility for the 2001 attacks against the United States. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124061749/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/bin-laden-claims-responsibility-for-9-11-1.513654 |archive-date=January 24, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[International Criminal Court]] was formed in 2002. In 2003 a United States-led coalition invaded [[Iraq]], and the [[Iraq War]] led to the end of [[Saddam Hussein]]'s rule as Iraqi President and the [[Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)|Ba'ath Party]] in Iraq. [[Al-Qaeda]] and affiliated [[Islamism|Islamist]] militant groups performed terrorist acts throughout the decade. These acts included the [[2004 Madrid train bombings]], [[7 July 2005 London bombings|7/7 London bombings]] in 2005, and the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]] related to al-Qaeda. The [[European Union]] expanded its sanctions amid [[Iran]]'s failure to comply with its transparency obligations under the [[Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons]] and [[United Nations resolution]]s.

The war on terror generated [[Criticism of the war on terror|extreme controversy]] around the world, with questions regarding the justification for certain U.S. actions leading to a loss of support for the American government, both in and outside the United States.<ref name="NPR">{{cite news |title=U.S. Losing War on Terror |publisher=NPR |date=August 21, 2007 |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=13818670 |access-date=June 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508202323/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=13818670 |archive-date=May 8, 2014}}</ref> The additional armed conflict occurred in the [[Middle East]], including between [[Israel]] and [[Hezbollah]], then with Israel and [[Hamas]]. The most significant loss of life due to [[natural disaster]]s came from the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]], which caused a [[tsunami]] that killed around one quarter-million people and displaced well over a million others.

=== Terrorist attacks ===
{{Further|List of terrorist incidents#1970–present}}
[[File:North face south tower after plane strike 9-11.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] in [[Lower Manhattan]], [[New York City]]. as seen on [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001]]. [[United Airlines Flight 175|Flight 175]] crashing into the South Tower.]]
The most prominent [[Terrorism|terrorist attacks]] committed against the civilian population during the decade include:
* [[September 11 attacks]] in [[New York City]]; [[The Pentagon]] in [[Arlington County, Virginia]], [[Washington, D.C.]]; and [[Shanksville, Pennsylvania]] {{small|(nearly 3,000 killed)}}
* [[2001 anthrax attacks]] in the United States {{small|(5 killed, 17 infected)}}
* [[Moscow theater hostage crisis|2002 Moscow theater hostage crisis]] in Moscow, Russia {{small|(171 killed)}}
* [[2002 Bali bombings]] in Bali, Indonesia {{small|(202 killed)}}
* [[2003 Casablanca bombings]] in [[Casablanca]], [[Morocco]] {{small|(45 killed)}}
* [[2003 Istanbul bombings]] in Istanbul, Turkey {{small|(57 killed)}}
* [[2004 Madrid train bombings]] {{small|(192 killed)}}
* [[Beslan school siege|2004 Beslan school hostage crisis]] {{small|(334 killed)}}
* [[7 July 2005 London bombings|2005 London bombings]] {{small|(56 killed)}}
* [[Qahtaniyah bombings|2007 Yazidi communities bombings]] {{small|(796 killed)}}
* [[2008 Mumbai attacks]] {{small|(175 killed)}}
* [[2009 Boko Haram uprising]] {{small|(1000+ killed)}}

=== Wars ===
{{Main|List of wars: 1990–2002|List of wars: 2003–present}}

The most prominent [[War|armed conflicts]] of the decade include:

==== International wars ====
[[File:War on Terror montage1.png|thumb|The [[war on terror]]]]
[[File:Iraq header 2.jpg|thumb|The [[Iraq War]]]]
[[File:Gazamontage.png|right|thumb|The [[Gaza War (2008–2009)]]]]
* [[War on terror]] (2001–present) – refers to several [[Ideology|ideological]], military, and diplomatic campaigns aimed at putting an end to [[international terrorism]] by preventing groups defined by the U.S. and its allies as [[terrorist groups|terrorist]] (mostly [[Islamism|Islamist]] groups such as [[al-Qaeda]], [[Hezbollah]], and [[Hamas]]) from posing a threat to the U.S. and its allies, and by putting an end to [[state-sponsored terrorism|state sponsorship of terrorism]]. The campaigns were launched by the United States, with support from [[NATO]] and other allies, following the [[September 11 attacks]] that were carried out by al-Qaeda. Today the term has become mostly associated with Bush administration-led wars in [[Afghanistan]] and [[Iraq]].
** [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]] – In 2001, the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Canada, and Australia [[United States invasion of Afghanistan|invaded]] [[Afghanistan]] seeking to oust the [[Taliban]] and find al-Qaeda mastermind [[Osama bin Laden]]. In 2011, the US government claimed [[Navy Seals]] had killed Bin Laden and buried his body at sea. Fatalities of coalition troops: 1,553 (2001 to 2009).<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. troops' death toll in Afghanistan doubles in 2009 |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-12/28/content_12718088.htm |publisher=Xinhua News Agency |url-status=dead |access-date=February 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115060015/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-12/28/content_12718088.htm |archive-date=November 15, 2013}}</ref>
** [[Iraq War]] (2003–2011) – In 2003, the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, Australia, and Poland [[2003 invasion of Iraq|invaded]] and occupied Iraq. Claims that Iraq had [[WMDs in Iraq|weapons of mass destruction]] at its disposal were later found to be unproven.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/03/13/alqaeda.saddam/ |work=CNN |title=Hussein's Iraq and al Qaeda not linked, Pentagon says |access-date=April 21, 2010 |date=March 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429034736/http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/03/13/alqaeda.saddam/ |archive-date=April 29, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> The war, which ended the rule of [[Saddam Hussein]]'s [[Ba'ath Party]], also led to violence against the coalition forces and between many [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] and [[Shia Islam|Shia]] Iraqi groups and al-Qaeda [[Al-Qaeda in Iraq|operations in Iraq]]. [[Casualties of the Iraq War]]: Approximately 110,600 between March 2003 to April 2009. Hussein was eventually sentenced to death and hanged on December 30, 2006.
* [[Arab–Israeli conflict]] (1948 – present)
** [[2006 Lebanon War]] (summer 2006) – took place in southern [[Lebanon]] and northern [[Israel]]. The principal parties were [[Hezbollah]] paramilitary forces and the [[Israel Defense Forces|Israeli military]]. The war that began as a military operation in response to the abduction of two Israeli reserve soldiers by the Hezbollah gradually strengthened and became a wider confrontation.
** [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]] (Early 20th century – present)
*** [[Second Intifada]] (2000–2005) – After the signing of the [[Oslo Accords]] failed to bring about a [[Palestinian state]], in September 2000, the [[Second Intifada]] (uprising) broke out, a period of intensified Palestinian-Israeli violence, which has been taking place until the present day. As a result of the significant increase of suicide bombing attacks within Israeli population centers during the first years of the [[Al-Aqsa Intifada]],<ref name="ISF">{{cite web |url=http://www.securityfence.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/questions.htm |title=Questions and Answers |access-date=April 17, 2007 |date=February 22, 2004 |work=Israel's Security Fence |publisher=The State of Israel |quote=The Security Fence is being built with the sole purpose of saving the lives of the Israeli citizens who continue to be targeted by the terrorist campaign that began in 2000. The fact that over 800 men, women and children have been killed in horrific suicide bombings and other terror attacks clearly justifies the attempt to place a physical barrier in the path of terrorists.... terrorism has been defined throughout the international community as a crime against humanity. As such, the State of Israel not only has the right but also the obligation to do everything in its power to lessen the impact and scope of terrorism on the citizens of Israel. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003072906/http://www.securityfence.mod.gov.il/Pages/ENG/questions.htm |archive-date=October 3, 2013}}</ref> in June 2002 Israel began the construction of the [[Israeli West Bank barrier|West Bank Fence]] along the [[Green Line (Israel)|Green Line]] border arguing that the barrier is necessary to protect Israeli civilians from [[Palestinian political violence|Palestinian terrorism]]. The significantly reduced number of incidents of suicide bombings from 2002 to 2005 has been partly attributed to the barrier.<ref name="McClatchy">{{cite web |url=http://www.mcclatchydc.com/staff/dion_nissenbaum/story/15469.html |title=Death toll of Israeli civilians killed by Palestinians hit a low in 2006 |access-date=April 16, 2007 |last=Nissenbaum |first=Dion |date=January 10, 2007 |work=Washington Bureau |publisher=McClatchy Newspapers |quote=Fewer Israeli civilians died in Palestinian attacks in 2006 than in any year since the Palestinian uprising began in 2000. Palestinian militants killed 23 Israelis and foreign visitors in 2006, down from a high of 289 in 2002 during the height of the uprising. Most significant, successful suicide bombings in Israel nearly came to a halt. Last year, only two Palestinian suicide bombers managed to sneak into Israel for attacks that killed 11 people and wounded 30 others. Israel has gone nearly nine months without a suicide bombing inside its borders, the longest period without such an attack since 2000[...] An Israeli military spokeswoman said one major factor in that success had been Israel's controversial separation barrier, a still-growing {{Convert|250|mi|km |adj=on}} network of concrete walls, high-tech fencing and other obstacles that cuts through parts of the West Bank. ‘The security fence was put up to stop terror, and that's what it's doing,' said Capt. Noa Meir, a spokeswoman for the Israel Defense Forces. [...] Opponents of the wall grudgingly acknowledge that it has been effective in stopping bombers, though they complain that its route should have followed the border between Israel and the Palestinian territories known as the Green Line. [...] IDF spokeswoman Meir said Israeli military operations that disrupted militants planning attacks from the West Bank also deserved credit for the drop in Israeli fatalities. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120203241/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/staff/dion_nissenbaum/story/15469.html |archive-date=November 20, 2008}}</ref> The barrier's construction, which has been highly controversial, became a significant issue of contention between the two sides. The Second Intifada has caused thousands of victims on both sides, both among combatants and among civilians – The death toll, including both military and civilian, is estimated to be 5,500 Palestinians and over 1,000 Israelis, as well as 64 foreign citizens.<ref>[http://www.btselem.org/English/Statistics/Casualties.asp ''B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities''], [[B'Tselem]]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202225031/http://www.btselem.org/English/Statistics/Casualties.asp|date=December 2, 2010 }}</ref> Many Palestinians consider the Second Intifada to be a legitimate war of national liberation against foreign occupation, whereas many Israelis consider it to be a terrorist campaign.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/11/Israel-+the+Conflict+and+Peace-+Answers+to+Frequen+-+2003.htm#cause "Israel, the Conflict and Peace: Answers to FAQ."] ''[[Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]''. November 3, 2003. April 20, 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006064017/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/11/Israel-+the+Conflict+and+Peace-+Answers+to+Frequen+-+2003.htm#cause|date=October 6, 2013 }}</ref>
*** [[Gaza War (2008–2009)]] – the frequent [[Hamas]] [[Qassam rocket]] and [[Mortar (weapon)|mortar]] fire launched from within civilian population centers in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] towards the Israeli southern civilian communities led to an Israeli [[military operation]] in Gaza, which had the stated aim of reducing the Hamas rocket attacks and stopping the arms smuggling into the Gaza Strip. Throughout the conflict, Hamas further intensified its rocket and mortar attacks against Israel, hitting civilian targets and reaching major Israeli cities [[Beersheba]] and [[Ashdod]], for the first time. The intense [[urban warfare]] in densely populated [[Gaza City|Gaza]] combined with the use of massive firepower by the Israeli side<ref name="BBC 2010-01-29">{{cite news |title=Goldstone report: Israel and Palestinians respond to UN |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8487301.stm |access-date=January 27, 2011 |work=BBC |date=January 29, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215014012/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8487301.stm |archive-date=December 15, 2013}}</ref> and the intensified Hamas rocket attacks towards populated Israeli civilian targets led to a high toll on the Palestinian side and among civilians.<ref name="PCHRCASFIG">{{cite press release |title=Confirmed figures reveal the true extent of the destruction inflicted upon the Gaza Strip; Israel's offensive resulted in 1,417 dead, including 926 civilians, 255 police officers, and 236 fighters. |publisher=Palestinian Centre for Human Rights |date=March 19, 2009 |url=http://www.pchrgaza.org/files/PressR/English/2008/36-2009.html |access-date=March 19, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201173858/http://www.pchrgaza.org/files/PressR/English/2008/36-2009.html |archive-date=February 1, 2010}}</ref>
* The [[Second Congo War]] (1998–2003) – took place mainly in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. The widest interstate war in [[History of Africa#1951 – present|modern African history]], it directly involved nine African nations, as well as about twenty armed groups. It earned the [[epithet]] of "Africa's World War" and the "Great War of Africa." An estimated 3.8 million people died, mostly from starvation and disease brought about by the deadliest conflict since World War II. Millions more were [[displaced person|displaced]] from their homes or sought [[refugee|asylum]] in neighboring countries.
* [[Russo-Georgian War]] (2008) – Russia invaded [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] in response to Georgian aggression towards civilians and attack on South Ossetia. Both Russia and Georgia were condemned internationally for their actions.
* The [[Second Chechen War]] (1999–2000) – the war was launched by the [[Russia]] on August 26, 1999, in response to the [[War in Dagestan (1999)|war in Dagestan]] and the [[1999 Russian apartment bombings]], which were blamed on the [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria|Chechens]]. During the war, Russian forces largely recaptured the separatist region of [[Chechnya]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Staff |date=2009-04-16 |title=Chechnya and Russia: timeline |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/apr/16/chechnya-russia-timeline |access-date=2024-05-02 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The campaign largely reversed the outcome of the [[First Chechen War]], in which the region gained ''de facto'' independence as the [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria]].
* The [[Eritrean–Ethiopian War]] came to a close in 2000.
* [[Kivu conflict]] (2004–2009) – armed conflict between the [[military of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (FARDC) and the [[Hutu Power]] group [[Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda]] (FDLR).
* [[2009 Boko Haram uprising]] – an armed conflict between [[Boko Haram]], a militant [[Islamist]] group, and [[Nigeria]]n security forces.

==== Civil wars and guerrilla wars ====
[[File:Darfur Jeep.jpg|right|thumb|Irregular combatants in North Darfur. The Arabic text on the bumper reads "The [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army|Sudan Liberation Army]]" (SLA).]]
[[File:Darfur refugee camp in Chad.jpg|thumb|[[Darfur]] [[refugee camp]] in [[Chad]]]]
* [[War in Darfur]] (2003–2020) – an armed conflict in the [[Darfur]] region of western [[Sudan]]. The conflict began when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) in Darfur took up arms, accusing the government of oppressing black Africans in favor of Arabs. One side was composed mainly of the [[Sudanese Armed Forces|Sudanese military]] and the Sudanese [[militia]] group [[Janjaweed]], recruited mostly from the [[Afro-Arab]] Abbala tribes of the northern [[Rizeigat]] region in Sudan. The other side was made up of rebel groups, notably the [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army]] and the [[Justice and Equality Movement]], recruited primarily from the non-Arab Muslim [[Fur people|Fur]], [[Zaghawa people|Zaghawa]], and [[Masalit people|Masalit]] ethnic groups. Millions of people were displaced from their homes during the conflict.<ref>{{cite news |title=African Union Force Ineffective, Complain Refugees in Darfur |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/15/AR2006101500655.html |date=October 16, 2006 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Alfred |last=de Montesquiou |access-date=November 30, 2011 |archive-date=May 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516113104/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/15/AR2006101500655.html |url-status=live}}</ref> There are various estimates on [[War in Darfur#Mortality estimates|the number of human casualties]] – Sudanese authorities claim a death toll of roughly 19,500 civilians<ref>{{cite web |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2006/822/re72.htm |first=Gamal |last=Nkrumah |title=Old dogs, new tricks |publisher=Weekly.ahram.org.eg |date=December 6, 2006 |access-date=February 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206194306/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2006/822/re72.htm |archive-date=December 6, 2006}}</ref> while certain non-governmental organizations, such as the [[Coalition for International Justice]], claim that over 400,000 people have been killed during the conflict.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lacey |first=Marc |title=Tallying Darfur Terror: Guesswork with a Cause |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/05/10/news/journal.php |work=International Herald Tribune |date=May 11, 2005 |access-date=April 7, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501105055/http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/05/10/news/journal.php |archive-date=May 1, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> Former [[U.S. President]] [[George W. Bush]] called the events in Darfur a genocide during his presidency.<ref>[https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/09/20040909-10.html President's Statement on Violence in Darfur, Sudan] (statement released by [[The White House]]) September 9, 2004 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504202602/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/09/20040909-10.html|date=May 4, 2013|title=President Meets with Darfur Advocates }}</ref><ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/01/AR2005060101725.html In Break With U.N., Bush Calls Sudan Killings Genocide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017060259/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/01/AR2005060101725.html |date=October 17, 2011 }}. Jim VandeHei. [[The Washington Post]]. June 2, 2005.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2006/04/20060428-5.html |title=President Meets with Darfur Advocates |date=April 28, 2006 |publisher=[[The White House]] |access-date=January 19, 2017 |archive-date=August 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807112709/https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2006/04/20060428-5.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[United States Congress]] unanimously passed House Concurrent Resolution 467, which declared the situation in Darfur a state-sponsored genocide by the [[Janjaweed]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3921451.stm Excerpts: US Congress resolution on Darfur], [[BBC]] July 23, 2004 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508121816/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3921451.stm|date=May 8, 2014 }}</ref> In 2008, the [[International Criminal Court]] charged [[Omar al-Bashir]] with [[genocide]] for his role in the War in Darfur.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/From-the-news-wires/2010/0712/Omar-al-Bashir-charged-by-Hague-for-orchestrating-Darfur-genocide |title=Omar al-Bashir charged by Hague for orchestrating Darfur genocide |journal=Christian Science Monitor |date=July 12, 2010 |publisher=CSMonitor.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508115214/http://www.csmonitor.com/From-the-news-wires/2010/0712/Omar-al-Bashir-charged-by-Hague-for-orchestrating-Darfur-genocide |archive-date=May 8, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSL1417202620080714 |title=ICC prosecutor seeks arrest of Sudan's Bashir |access-date=July 15, 2008 |work=Reuters |date=July 14, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216000630/https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSL1417202620080714 |archive-date=February 16, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Walker |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jul/14/sudan.warcrimes1?gusrc=rss&feed=worldnews |title=Darfur genocide charges for Sudanese president |access-date=July 15, 2008 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=July 14, 2008 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826071757/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/jul/14/sudan.warcrimes1?gusrc=rss&feed=worldnews |archive-date=August 26, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sudanese president charged with genocide |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/sudanese-president-charged-with-genocide-1.718585 |work=[[CBC News]] |date=July 14, 2008 |access-date=July 15, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090702185538/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/sudanese-president-charged-with-genocide-1.718585 |archive-date=July 2, 2009}}</ref>
* [[Mexican drug war]] (2006–present) – an armed conflict fought between rival [[drug cartel]]s and the [[Mexican Armed Forces]]. Although Mexican drug cartels, or drug trafficking organizations, have existed for quite some time, they have become more powerful since the demise of Colombia's [[Cali Cartel|Cali]] and [[Medellín Cartel|Medellín]] cartels in the 1990s. Mexican drug cartels now dominate the wholesale [[War on Drugs|illicit drug market]] in the United States.<ref name="Cook7">{{cite book |title=CRS Report for Congress: Mexico's Drug Cartels |editor-first=Colleen W. |editor-last=Cook |publisher=Congressional Research Service |page=7 |date=October 16, 2007 |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL34215.pdf |access-date=November 14, 2015 |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL34215.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Arrests of key cartel leaders, particularly in the Tijuana and Gulf cartels, have led to increasing drug violence as cartels fight for control of the trafficking routes into the United States.<ref>{{cite news |first=Traci |last=Carl |title=Progress in Mexico drug war is drenched in blood |date=March 10, 2009 |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2009/mar/10/lt-mexico-struggling-cartels-031009/ |access-date=November 26, 2014 |archive-date=May 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510081707/http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2009/mar/10/lt-mexico-struggling-cartels-031009/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=High U.S. cocaine cost shows drug war working: Mexico |date=September 14, 2007 |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSN1422771920070914 |access-date=April 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204232646/https://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSN1422771920070914 |archive-date=December 4, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=CRS Report for Congress: Mexico and the 112th Congress |chapter=Mexico – U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress |editor-first=Mark P. |editor-last=Sullivan |publisher=Congressional Research Service |pages=2, 13, 14 |date=December 18, 2008 |chapter-url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32724.pdf |access-date=November 14, 2015 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924135209/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32724.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Roughly more than 16,851 people in total were killed between December 2006 until November 2009.<ref>The attorney general's office says that 9 of 10 victims are members of organized-crime groups. {{cite news |first=Sara |last=Miller Llana |title=Briefing: How Mexico is waging war on drug cartels. |date=August 16, 2009 |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2009/0819/p10s01-woam.html |work=The Christian Science Monitor |access-date=November 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822130354/http://www.csmonitor.com/2009/0819/p10s01-woam.html |archive-date=August 22, 2009}}</ref>
* [[File:The Red Corridor ver 1.PNG|thumb|Map showing the districts where the [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency|Naxalite]] movement is active (2007)]] In India, [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]] (1967–present) has grown alarmingly with attacks such as [[April 2010 Maoist attack in Dantewada]], [[Jnaneswari Express train derailment]], and [[Rafiganj train disaster]]. Naxalites are a group of far-left radical communists, supportive of Maoist political sentiment and ideology. It is presently the [[List of ongoing armed conflicts|longest continuously active conflict]] worldwide. In 2006 Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] called the Naxalites "The single biggest internal security challenge ever faced by our country."<ref name="autogenerated2" /> In 2009, he said the country was "losing the battle against Maoist rebels".<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8256692.stm |work=BBC News |title=India is 'losing Maoist battle' |date=September 15, 2009 |access-date=May 20, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319025753/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8256692.stm |archive-date=March 19, 2014}}</ref> According to standard definitions the [[Naxalites|Naxalite]]–[[Communist Party of India (Maoist)|Maoist]] insurgency is an ongoing conflict<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/world/asia/displaystory.cfm?story_id=7799247 |title=India's Naxalites: A spectre haunting India |newspaper=The Economist |date=April 12, 2006 |access-date=July 13, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523074605/http://www.economist.com/world/asia/displaystory.cfm?story_id=7799247 |archive-date=May 23, 2010}}</ref> between Maoist groups, known as Naxalites or Naxals, and the Indian government.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web |url=http://www.ploughshares.ca/libraries/ACRText/ACR-IndiaAP.html |title=Armed Conflicts Report – India-Andhra Pradesh |publisher=Ploughshares.ca |access-date=July 13, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603175725/http://www.ploughshares.ca/libraries/ACRText/ACR-IndiaAP.html |archive-date=June 3, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On April 6, 2010, Maoist rebels killed 75 security forces [[April 2010 Maoist attack in Dantewada|in a jungle ambush]] in central India in the worst-ever massacre of security forces by the insurgents. On the same day, Gopal, a top Maoist leader, said the attack was a "direct consequence" of the government's [[Operation Green Hunt]] offensive. This raised some voices of use of Indian Air Force against Naxalites, which were, however, declined, citing "We can't use oppressive force against our own people".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/Chhatisgarh-attack-consequence-of-Green-Hunt-Maoist-leader/Article1-528028.aspx |title=Chhatisgarh attack 'consequence' of Green Hunt: Maoist leader |work=Hindustan Times |location=India |date=April 6, 2010 |access-date=February 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228155830/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Chhatisgarh-attack-consequence-of-Green-Hunt-Maoist-leader/Article1-528028.aspx |archive-date=December 28, 2013}}</ref>
* The [[Colombian conflict]] continues causing deaths and terror in [[Colombia]]. Beginning in 1964, the [[FARC]] and [[National Liberation Army (Colombia)|ELN]] narcoterrorist groups were taking control of rural areas of the country by the beginning of the decade, while terrorist paramilitaries grew in other places as businesspeople and politicians thought the State would lose the war against guerrillas. However, after the failure of the peace process and the activation of [[Plan Colombia]], [[Álvaro Uribe]] was elected president in 2002, starting a massive attack on terrorist groups, with cooperation from civil population, foreign aid and legal armed forces. The [[United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia|AUC]] paramilitary organization disbanded in 2006, while ELN guerrillas have been weakened. The [[Popular Liberation Army]] demobilized while the country's biggest terrorist group, [[Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia|FARC]] has been weakened and most of their top commanders have been killed or died during the decade. During the second half of the decade, a new criminal band has been formed by former members of AUC who did not demobilize, calling themselves "[[Black Eagles|Aguilas Negras]]". Although the Colombian State has taken back control over most of the country, narcoterrorism still causes pain in the country. Since 2008, the Internet has become a new field of battle. Facebook has gained nationwide popularity and has become the birthplace of many civil movements against narcoterrorism such as "Colombia Soy Yo" (I am Colombia) or "Fundación Un Millón de Voces" (One Million Voices Foundation), responsible for the international protests against illegal groups during the last years.
* The [[Sierra Leone Civil War]] (1991–2002) came to an end when the [[Revolutionary United Front]] (RUF) finally laid down their arms. More than two million people were displaced from their homes because of the conflict (well over one-third of the population) many of whom became refugees in neighboring countries. Tens of thousands were killed during the conflict.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat4.htm |first=Matthew |last=White |title=Mid-Range Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century |publisher=Users.erols.com |date=October 2010 |access-date=February 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809170057/http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat4.htm |archive-date=August 9, 2013}}</ref>
* The [[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]] (1983–2009) came to an end after the government defeated the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]]. Over 80,000 people were killed during the course of the conflict.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080305025603/http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-32243020080301 Sri Lanka military, rebels trade death toll claims] Reuters India – March 1, 2008.</ref>
* [[Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] (2004–present) – an armed conflict between the [[Pakistani Armed Forces]] and [[Islamic militants]] made up of local tribesmen, the [[Taliban]], and foreign [[Mujahideen]] (Holy Warriors). It began in 2004 when tensions rooted in the Pakistani Army's search for [[al-Qaeda]] members in Pakistan's mountainous [[Waziristan]] area (in the [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan|Federally Administered Tribal Areas]]) escalated into armed resistance by local tribesmen. The violence has displaced 3.44 million civilians<ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/05/31/pakistan.red.cross/index.html |title=Red Cross 'gravely concerned' about conditions in Swat Valley |work=CNN |date=May 31, 2009 |access-date=February 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029211024/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/05/31/pakistan.red.cross/index.html |archive-date=October 29, 2013}}</ref> and led to more than 7,000 civilians being killed.<ref name="satp.org">{{cite web |url=http://satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/index.htm |title=Pakistan Assessment 2011 |publisher=SATP.org |access-date=February 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215142834/http://satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/index.htm |archive-date=February 15, 2014}}</ref>
* The [[Angolan Civil War]] (1975–2002), once a major proxy conflict of the [[Cold War]], the conflict ended after the anti-Communist organization [[UNITA]] disbanded to become a political party. By the time the 27-year conflict was formally brought to an end, an estimated 500,000 people had been killed.<ref name="angolagate">{{cite web |author=Madsen, Wayne |date=May 17, 2002 |url=http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=2576 |title=Report Alleges U.S. Role in Angola Arms-for-Oil Scandal |publisher=CorpWatch |access-date=February 10, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105182138/http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=2576 |archive-date=January 5, 2008}}</ref>
* [[Shia insurgency in Yemen]] (2004–present) – a civil war in the Sada'a Governorate of [[Yemen]]. It began after the [[Shia Islam|Shia]] [[Zaidiyyah]] sect launched an uprising against the Yemeni government. The Yemeni government has accused [[Iran]] of directing and financing the insurgency.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jamestown.org/terrorism/news/uploads/tf_004_002.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029200028/http://www.jamestown.org/terrorism/news/uploads/tf_004_002.pdf |url-status=dead |title=Yemen Accuses Iran of Meddling in its Internal Affairs |archive-date=October 29, 2008}}</ref> Thousands of rebels and civilians have been killed during the conflict.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ploughshares.ca/libraries/ACRText/ACR-Yemen.htm#Status |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512100638/http://www.ploughshares.ca/libraries/ACRText/ACR-Yemen.htm#Status |url-status=dead |title=Ploughshares.com |archive-date=May 12, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/World/Yemeni-military-battles-Shiite-rebels/2007/03/20/1174153010354.html |location=Australia |work=[[The Age]] |title=Yemeni military battles Shi'ite rebels |date=March 20, 2007 |access-date=November 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325151349/http://www.theage.com.au/news/World/Yemeni-military-battles-Shiite-rebels/2007/03/20/1174153010354.html |archive-date=March 25, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Somali Civil War]] (1991–present)
** [[War in Somalia (2006–2009)]] – involved largely [[Ethiopia]]n and [[Somalia|Somali]] [[Transitional Federal Parliament|Transitional Federal Government]] (TFG) forces who fought against the Somali [[Islamist]] [[Umbrella organization|umbrella group]], the [[Islamic Court Union]] (ICU), and other affiliated militias for control of the country. The war spawned pirates who hijacked hundreds of ships off the coast of Somalia, holding ships and crew for ransom often for months (see also [[Piracy in Somalia]]). 1.9 million people were displaced from their homes during the conflict<ref name="autogenerated4">{{cite web |url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/AMMF-7JJCSY?OpenDocument |first=Abdi |last=Sheikh |title=Nearly 9,500 Somalis die in insurgency-group |publisher=Reliefweb.int |date=September 16, 2008 |access-date=February 13, 2012 |archive-date=October 21, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081021185628/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/AMMF-7JJCSY?OpenDocument |url-status=live}}</ref> and the number of civilian casualties during the conflict is estimated at 16,724.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wallis |first=Daniel |editor-first=Louise |editor-last=Ireland |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE4B943G20081211?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews |title=Sharif back in Mogadishu as death toll hits 16,210 |work=Reuters |date=December 11, 2008 |access-date=February 13, 2012 |archive-date=March 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317001244/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-somalia-conflict/sharif-back-in-mogadishu-as-death-toll-hits-16210-idUSTRE4B943G20081211?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews |url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Somali civil war (2009–present)]] – involved largely the forces of the Somali [[Somalia|Somali]] [[Transitional Federal Parliament|Transitional Federal Government]] (TFG) assisted by [[African Union]] peacekeeping troops, whom fought against various militant Islamist factions for control of the country. The violence has displaced thousands of people residing in [[Mogadishu]], the nation's capital. 1,739 people in total were killed between January 1, 2009, and January 1, 2010.<ref name="casualties">[[allafrica]] [http://allafrica.com/stories/201001010001.html More Than 1,700 Killed in Clashes in 2009], January 1, 2010 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012233227/http://allafrica.com/stories/201001010001.html|date=October 12, 2012 }}</ref>
* [[Conflict in the Niger Delta]] (2004–present) – an ongoing conflict in the [[Niger Delta]] region of [[Nigeria]]. The conflict was caused due to the tensions between the [[multinational corporation|foreign]] [[Petroleum industry in Niger|oil corporations]] and a number of the [[Niger Delta]]'s minority ethnic groups who felt they were being exploited, particularly the [[Ogoni people|Ogoni]] and the [[Ijaw people|Ijaw]]. The competition for oil wealth has led to an endless violence cycle between innumerable [[ethnic groups]], causing the [[militarization]] of nearly the entire region that was occupied by militia groups as well as [[Military of Nigeria|Nigerian military]] and the forces of the Nigerian Police.
* [[Algerian Civil War]] (1991–2002) – the conflict effectively ended with a government victory, following the surrender of the [[Islamic Salvation Army]] and the 2002 defeat of the [[Armed Islamic Group]]. It is estimated that more than 100,000 people were killed during the course of the conflict.
* Civil war in [[Chad]] (1998–present)
** [[Chadian Civil War (1998–2002)]] – involved the [[Movement for Justice and Democracy in Chad]] (MDJT) rebels that skirmished periodically with government troops in the [[Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Region|Tibesti region]], resulting in hundreds of civilian, government, and rebel casualties.
** [[Chadian Civil War (2005–2010)]] – involved [[Chad]]ian government forces and several Chadian rebel groups. The Government of Chad estimated in January 2006 that 614 Chadian citizens had been killed in cross-border raids.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=Al Jazeera |title=Chad wants Sudan to disarm rebels |date=January 12, 2006 |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17880 |access-date=November 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604212223/http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=17880 |archive-date=June 4, 2011}}</ref> The fighting still continues despite several attempts to reach agreements.
* [[Nepalese Civil War]] (1996–2006) – the conflict ended with a [[Comprehensive Peace Accord|peace agreement]] was reached between the government and the Maoist party in which it was set that the Maoists would take part in the new government in return for surrendering their weapons to the UN. It is estimated that more than 12,700 people were killed during the course of the conflict.<ref name="Douglas">Ed Douglas. "Inside Nepal's Revolution..... (just to check..!!!)". ''[[National Geographic Magazine]]'', p. 54, November 2005. Douglas lists the following figures: "Nepalis killed by Maoists from 1996 to 2005: 4,500. Nepalis killed by government in same period: 8,200."</ref>
* [[Second Liberian Civil War]] (1999–2003) – The conflict began in 1999 when a rebel group [[Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy]] (LURD), with support from the Government of [[Guinea]], took over northern [[Liberia]] through a coup. In early 2003, a different rebel group, the [[Movement for Democracy in Liberia]], emerged in the south. As a result, by June–July 2003, [[President of Liberia|president]] [[Charles Taylor (Liberian politician)|Charles Taylor]]'s government controlled only a third of the country. The capital [[Monrovia]] [[Siege of Monrovia|was besieged]] by LURD, and that group's shelling of the city resulted in the deaths of many civilians. Thousands of people were displaced from their homes as a result of the conflict.
* [[Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)]] – [[Algeria]] has been the subject of an Islamic insurgency since 2002 waged by the Sunni Islamic [[Jihad]]ist militant group [[Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat]] (GSPC). GSPC allied itself with the [[Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb]] against the [[Algeria]]n government. The conflict has since spread to other neighboring countries.
* [[Ituri conflict]] (1999–2007) – a conflict fought between the [[Lendu]] and [[Hema (ethnicity)|Hema]] ethnic groups in the [[Ituri Province|Ituri]] region of northeastern [[Democratic Republic of Congo]] (DRC). While there have been many phases to the conflict, the most recent armed clashes ran from 1999 to 2003, with a low-level conflict continuing until 2007. More than 50,000 people have been killed in the conflict and hundreds of thousands forced from their homes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6158331.stm |first=Karen |last=Allen |title=Eastern DR Congo rebels to disarm |work=BBC |date=November 30, 2006 |access-date=February 13, 2012 |archive-date=February 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202062805/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6158331.stm |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Central African Republic Bush War]] (2004–2007) – began with the rebellion by the [[Union of Democratic Forces for Unity]] (UFDR) rebels, after the current president of the [[Central African Republic]], [[François Bozizé]], seized power in a 2003 coup. The violence has displaced around 10,000 civilians and has led to hundreds of civilians being killed.
* [[Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)]] – an armed conflict that continued after the capture of [[Kabul]] by the [[Taliban]], in which the formation of the [[Afghan Northern Alliance]] attempted to oust the Taliban. It proved largely unsuccessful, as the Taliban continued to make gains and eliminated much of the Alliance's leadership.

=== Coups ===
{{Main|List of coups d'état and coup attempts#2000–2009}}
[[File:Coup-d'etat-2-web-cnni.jpg|thumb|[[2006 Thai coup d'état]]]] The most prominent [[coup d'état]] of the decade include:
* [[Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević|2000 overthrow of Slobodan Milošević in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] – after [[Slobodan Milošević]] was accused by opposition figures of winning the 2000 election through electoral fraud, mass protests led by the opposition movement [[Otpor!]] pressure [[Slobodan Milošević]] to resign. Milošević was later arrested in 2001 and sent to the Hague to face war crimes charges for his alleged involvement in war crimes of the [[Yugoslav Wars]].
* [[2002 Venezuelan coup attempt]] – a failed military coup d'état on April 11, 2002, which aimed to overthrow the president of Venezuela [[Hugo Chávez]]. During the coup Hugo Chávez was arrested and [[Pedro Carmona]] became the interim President for 47 hours. The coup led to a pro-Chávez uprising that the Metropolitan Police attempted to suppress. The pro-Chávez Presidential Guard eventually retook the [[Miraflores presidential palace]] without firing a shot, leading to the collapse of the Carmona government.
* [[2004 Haitian coup d'état]] – a conflict fought for several weeks in [[Haiti]] during February 2004 that resulted in the premature end of President [[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]]'s second term, and the installment of an interim government led by [[Gérard Latortue]].
* [[2006 Thai coup d'état]] – on September 19, 2006, while the elected Thai Prime Minister [[Thaksin Shinawatra]] was in New York for a meeting of the UN, Army Commander-in-Chief Lieutenant General [[Sonthi Boonyaratglin]] launched a bloodless [[September 2006 Thailand military coup d'état|coup d'état]].
* [[Fatah–Hamas conflict]] (2006–present) – an armed conflict fought between the two main Palestinian factions, [[Fatah]] and [[Hamas]] with each vying to assume political control of the [[Palestinian territories]]. In June 2007, [[Battle for Gaza (2007)|Hamas took control of the entire Gaza Strip]], and established a separate government while Fatah remained in control of the West Bank. This in practice divided the [[Palestinian Authority]] into two. Various forces affiliated with Fatah engaged in combat with Hamas, in numerous gun battles. Most Fatah leaders eventually escaped to Egypt and the West Bank, while some were captured and killed.
* [[2009 Honduran coup d'état]] – The armed forces of the country entered the president's residence and overthrew president [[Manuel Zelaya]]. (see [[2009 Honduran constitutional crisis]]).

=== Nuclear threats ===
[[File:Natanz nuclear.jpg|right|thumb|Anti-aircraft guns guarding [[Natanz#Nuclear facility|Natanz Nuclear Facility]] in Iran]]
* Since 2005, [[Nuclear program of Iran|Iran's nuclear program]] has become the subject of contention with the Western world due to suspicions that Iran could divert the civilian nuclear technology to a weapons program. This has led the [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]] to impose [[International sanctions against Iran|sanctions against Iran]] on select companies linked to this program, thus furthering its economic isolation on the international scene. The [[Director of National Intelligence|U.S. Director of National Intelligence]] said in February 2009 that Iran would not realistically be able to a get a nuclear weapon until 2013, if it chose to develop one.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN25158068 |title=RPT-EXCLUSIVE-Iran would need 18 months for atom bomb-diplomats |first=Louis |last=Charbonneau |date=October 26, 2009 |work=Reuters |access-date=November 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828042601/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN25158068 |archive-date=August 28, 2010}}</ref>
* In 2003, the United States invaded Iraq over allegations that its leader [[Saddam Hussein]] was stockpiling weapons of mass destruction including chemical and biological weapons or was in the process of creating them. None were found, [[WMD conjecture after the 2003 invasion of Iraq|spawning multiple theories.]]
* [[North Korea]] successfully performed two nuclear tests in [[2006 North Korean nuclear test|2006]] and [[2009 North Korean nuclear test|2009]].
* [[Operation Orchard]] – during the operation, Israel bombed what was believed to be a Syrian nuclear reactor on September 6, 2007, which was thought to be built with the aid of [[North Korea]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/23/AR2008042302906_pf.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |title=N. Koreans Taped At Syrian Reactor |first=Robin |last=Wright |access-date=April 21, 2010 |archive-date=September 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904033208/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/23/AR2008042302906_pf.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[White House]] and [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) later declared that American intelligence indicated the site was a nuclear facility with a military purpose, though Syria denies this.<ref>[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jWIBgbzyBkHnJzQeMi80gXfjX0-Q NKorea-Syria nuclear work had military aims: White House] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520132008/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jWIBgbzyBkHnJzQeMi80gXfjX0-Q|date=May 20, 2011 }}, Associated French Press, April 24, 2008. Retrieved April 24, 2008.</ref>
* The [[Doomsday Clock]], the symbolic representation of the threat of nuclear annihilation, moved four minutes closer to midnight: two minutes in 2002 and two minutes in 2007 to 5&nbsp;minutes to midnight.

=== Decolonization and independence ===
* [[East Timor]] regains independence from [[Indonesia]] in 2002. Portugal granted independence to East Timor in 1975, but it was soon after invaded by Indonesia, which only recognized East Timorese independence in 2002.
* [[Montenegro]] gains independence from [[Serbia]] in 2006, ending the 88-year-old [[Yugoslavia]].
* [[Kosovo]] [[2008 Kosovo declaration of independence|declares independence]] from Serbia in 2008, though its independence still [[International recognition of Kosovo|remains unrecognized]] by many countries.
* On August 23, 2005, [[Israel unilateral disengagement plan|Israel's unilateral disengagement]] from 25 [[Israeli settlement|Jewish settlements]] in the [[Gaza Strip]] and [[West Bank]] ends.
* On August 26, 2008, Russia formally [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|recognises]] the disputed [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] regions of [[Abkhazia]] and [[South Ossetia]] as independent states.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2008/08/26/1543_type82912_205752.shtml |title=Statement by President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev |publisher=Russia's President web site |date=August 26, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080902001442/http://www.kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2008/08/26/1543_type82912_205752.shtml |archive-date=September 2, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia#States that do not recognise Abkhazia or South Ossetia as independent|vast majority]] of United Nations [[List of United Nations member states|member states]] maintain that the areas belong to Georgia.

=== Political trends ===

==== American party system ====
During the 2000s, the expectations and unspoken rules for acceptable conduct among American politicians affiliated with the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] or [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Parties]] changed due to the decline of [[political boss]]es in the previous 4 decades and the momentous events in America that happened during the decade.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Davis |first=Kenneth C. |title=Don't Know Much About History: Everything You Need to Know About American History but Never Learned |publisher=HarperCollins |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-06-008381-6 |edition=1st |location=New York |pages=623 |author-link=Kenneth C. Davis}}</ref>

Generally, American presidential candidates abided by and respected the established procedures of both major parties' [[United States presidential nominating convention|presidential nomination]] process.<ref name=":02" />

==== Peaceful transfers of power ====
During this decade, the [[peaceful transition of power|peaceful transfer of power]] through elections first occurred in Mexico, Indonesia, [[Taiwan]], Colombia, and several other countries. (See below.)
=== Deaths ===

Prominent deaths and killings of sitting leaders include: 

*[[June 10]], [[2000]] [[Hafez al-Assad]], President of Syria 1971-2000.
*[[January 16]], [[2001]] [[Laurent-Desire Kabila]], President of Republic of Congo (1997-2001) was assassinated.
*[[March 11]], [[2003]], [[Zoran Djindjic]], Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro (2001-03) was assassinated.
*[[August 1]], [[2005]], [[Fahd of Saudi Arabia|Fahd]], King of the Saudi Arabia (1982-2005).


From the other side, prominent deaths of former leaders include:

* [[January 19]], [[2000]]: [[Bettino Craxi]], Prime Minister of Italy (1983-87), died while was in exile.
* [[September 28]], [[2000]]: [[Pierre Eliot Trudeau]], Prime Minister of Canada (1968-79, 1980-84).
*[[June 5]], [[2004]]: [[Ronald Reagan]], 40th President of the United States (1981-89).
*[[February 14]], [[2005]]: [[Rafik Hariri]], Prime Minister of Lebanon (1992-98, 2000-04), was assassinated.
*[[March 26]] & [[July 17]], [[2005]]: [[James Callaghan]] and [[Edward Heath]], Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom (1976-79 and 1970-74 respectively).
*[[March 11]], [[2006]], [[Slobodan Milosevic]], the last leader of Yugoslavia, died on the Prison.
*[[December 10]], [[2006]], [[Augusto Pinochet]], Dictator of Chile [[1972-90]].
*[[December 26]], [[2006]], [[Gerald Ford]], 38th President of the United States (1974-77).
*[[December 30]], [[2006]], [[Saddam Hussein]], Dictator of Iraq (1979-2003) was executed.
*[[April 23]], [[2007]], [[Boris Yeltsin]], President of Russia (1991-99).
*[[June 14]], [[2007]], [[Kurt Waldheim]], President of Austria (1986-92).
*[[December 27]], [[2007]], [[Benazir Bhutto]], Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988-90, 1993-96), was assassinated.
*[[December 12]],[[2008]], [[Tassos Papadopoulos]], President of Cyprus (2003-08).
*[[January 27]], [[2008]],[[Suharto]], President of Indonesia (1967-98).
*[[August 1]], [[2009]], [[Corazon Aquino]], President of Philippines (1986-92).
*[[August 18]], [[2009]], [[Kim Dae Jung]], Presdent of South Korea (1998-2003).

=== Prominent political events ===
[[File:President George W. Bush Delivers Inaugural Address.jpg|thumb|[[George W. Bush]], the 43rd president of the United States, 2001–2009]]
[[File:US President Barack Obama taking his Oath of Office - 2009Jan20.jpg|thumb|[[Barack Obama]], the first African American president of the United States, was [[First inauguration of Barack Obama|inaugurated]] in 2009]]
The prominent political events of the decade include:

==== North America ====

===== Canada =====
* [[Paul Martin]] replaces [[Jean Chrétien]] as [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] of Canada in 2003 July 23 by becoming the new leader of the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]]. [[Stephen Harper]] was [[Canadian Federal Election, 2006|elected prime minister]] in 2006 following the defeat of Paul Martin's government in a [[motion of no confidence]].

===== Greenland =====
* [[Greenland]] was granted further [[Devolution|Self-governance]] (or "[[self-rule]]") within the [[Kingdom of Denmark]] on June 21, 2009.<ref name=selfrule>{{cite news |title=Self-rule introduced in Greenland |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8111292.stm |work=BBC News |date=June 21, 2009 |access-date=May 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425041746/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8111292.stm |archive-date=April 25, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===== Mexico =====
* [[Vicente Fox]] was elected [[President of Mexico]] in the 2000 presidential election, making him the first president elected from an opposition party in 71 years, defeating the then-dominant [[Institutional Revolutionary Party]] (PRI).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-25 |title=Vicente Fox {{!}} Biography, Presidency, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vicente-Fox |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=November 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117234025/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vicente-Fox |url-status=live}}</ref>

===== United States =====
* [[George W. Bush]] was sworn in succeeding [[Bill Clinton]] as the 43rd President of the United States on January 20, 2001, following a [[2000 United States Presidential Election|sharply contested election]].
* On October 26, 2001, U.S. President George W. Bush signed the [[USA PATRIOT Act]] into law.
* On February 15, 2003, anti-war protests broke out around the world in opposition to the U.S. Invasion of Iraq, in what the [[Guinness Book of World Records]] called the largest anti-war rally in human history.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elmundo.es/quiosco/pdf/febrero2003/16portada.pdf |title=El Mundo contra la Guerra (in Spanish) |date=February 16, 2003 |access-date=February 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041224094409/http://www.elmundo.es/quiosco/pdf/febrero2003/16portada.pdf |archive-date=December 24, 2004}}</ref> In reaction, ''[[The New York Times]]'' writer Patrick Tyler wrote in a February 17 article that: ''...the huge anti-war demonstrations around the world this weekend are reminders that there may still be two superpowers on the planet: the United States and world public opinion.''<ref>{{cite news |last=Tyler |first=Patrick |title=THREATS AND RESPONSES: NEWS ANALYSIS; A New Power In the Streets |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/17/world/threats-and-responses-news-analysis-a-new-power-in-the-streets.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=February 24, 2013 |date=February 17, 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225062538/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/17/world/threats-and-responses-news-analysis-a-new-power-in-the-streets.html |archive-date=December 25, 2013}}</ref>
* On June 5, 2004, [[Ronald Reagan]], the 40th [[President of the United States]], died after having suffered from [[Alzheimer's disease]] for nearly a decade. His seven-day state funeral followed, spanning June 5–11. The general public stood in long lines waiting for a turn to view the casket. People passed by the casket at a rate of about 5,000 per hour (83.3 per minute, or 1.4 per second) and the wait time was about three hours. In all, 104,684 passed through when Reagan lay in state.<ref>Lak, Daniel. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3793065.stm "Reagan lies in state at Capitol"]. BBC, June 11, 2004. Retrieved March 9, 2008. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061215143729/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3793065.stm|date=December 15, 2006 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.uscapitolpolice.gov/pressreleases/2004/pr_06-11-04.php "United States Capitol Police Press Releases: Lying In State for former President Reagan"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927071913/http://www.uscapitolpolice.gov/pressreleases/2004/pr_06-11-04.php|date=September 27, 2007 }}. United States Capitol Police. Retrieved March 9, 2008</ref>
* [[Barack Obama]] was sworn in as the 44th President of the United States in 2009, becoming the nation's first African American president.

==== South America ====
* November 19, 2000 – Peruvian dictator/president [[Alberto Fujimori]] resigns via fax. [[Valentín Paniagua]] is named Temporary President.
* [[Álvaro Uribe]] is elected President of Colombia in 2002, the first political independent to do so in more than a century and a half, creating the right-wing political movement known as [[uribism]]. Uribe was re-elected in 2006.
* In 2006, [[Michelle Bachelet]] is elected as the first female [[President of Chile]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4613864.stm |title=Chile gets first woman president |work=BBC News |date=January 16, 2006 |access-date=February 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112033326/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4613864.stm |archive-date=November 12, 2013}}</ref>
* [[Pink tide]]: Left-wing governments emerge in South American countries. These governments include those of [[Hugo Chávez]] in Venezuela since 1999, [[Fernando Lugo]] in Paraguay, [[Rafael Correa]] in Ecuador, and [[Evo Morales]] in Bolivia. With the creation of the [[Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas|ALBA]], Fidel Castro—leader of [[Cuba]] between 1959 and 2008—and Hugo Chávez reaffirmed their opposition to the aggressive militarism and [[imperialism]] of the United States.
* [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] was elected (2002) and reelected (2006) [[President of Brazil]].
* In 2003, [[Néstor Kirchner]] was elected as President of Argentina. And in 2007, he was later succeeded by his wife, [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]], who became the first directly elected female [[President of Argentina]].
* May 23, 2008 – The [[Union of South American Nations]], a [[supranational union]], is made from joining the [[Andean Community of Nations|Andean Community]] and [[Mercosur]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.towardsunity.org/usan.phtml |title=The Union of South American Nations |publisher=Towardsunity.org |access-date=February 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620000451/http://www.towardsunity.org/usan.phtml |archive-date=June 20, 2012}}</ref>

==== Asia ====
[[File:Tehran protests (26).jpg|thumb|upright|Protesters in [[Tehran]] during the [[2009 Iranian election protests]]]]
[[File:Saddam Hussein at trial, July 2004-edit1.JPEG|thumb|upright|[[Saddam Hussein]]]]
* On May 18, 2000, [[Chen Shui-bian]] was [[2000 Republic of China presidential election|elected]] as the president of [[Republic of China|Taiwan]], ending the half-century rule of the [[Kuomintang|KMT]] on the island, and became the first president of the [[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]].
* [[Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon#Withdrawal from the security belt|Israeli withdrawal from the Israeli security zone in southern Lebanon]] – on May 25, 2000, Israel withdrew [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] forces from the [[Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon]] in southern [[Lebanon]] after 22 years.
* In July 2000 the [[Camp David 2000 Summit]] was held which was aimed at reaching a "final status" agreement between the Palestinians and the Israelis. The summit collapsed after Yasser Arafat would not accept a proposal drafted by American and Israeli negotiators. Barak was prepared to offer the entire Gaza Strip, a Palestinian capital in a part of East Jerusalem, 73% of the West Bank (excluding eastern Jerusalem) raising to 90–94% after 10–25 years, and financial reparations for Palestinian refugees for peace. Arafat turned down the offer without making a counter-offer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mideastweb.org/campdavid2.htm |title=Camp David Proposals for Final Palestine-Israel Peace Settlement |publisher=Mideastweb.org |date=July 2000 |access-date=February 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022072323/http://www.mideastweb.org/campdavid2.htm |archive-date=October 22, 2013}}</ref>
* January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010 – [[Joseph Estrada]] resigns as 13th [[President of the Philippines]] amid an [[Impeachment of Joseph Estrada|ongoing impeachment trial]] and [[Second EDSA Revolution|protests]]; [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]] takes office as the 14th President of the Philippines.
* 2002 – [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] was elected as Prime Minister of Turkey. [[Abdullah Gül]] was elected as President of Turkey.
* March 15–16, 2003 – CPC General Secretary, President [[Hu Jintao]] and Premier [[Wen Jiabao]], replaced former People's Republic of China leaders [[Jiang Zemin]] and [[Zhu Rongji]].
* 2003 – the 12-year self-government in [[Iraq]]i [[Kurdistan]] ends, developed under the protection of the UN "No-fly zone" during the now-ousted [[Saddam Hussein]] regime.
* 2003 – Prime minister of Malaysia [[Mahathir Mohamad]] resigns in October, he was succeeded by [[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi|Abdullah bin Ahmad Badawi]].
* [[Manmohan Singh]] was elected (2004) and reelected (2009) Prime Minister in India. He is the only Prime Minister since [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] to return to power after completing a full five-year term. Singh previously carried out [[Economic liberalisation in India|economic reforms in India]] in 1991, during his tenure as the [[Finance Minister of India|Finance Minister]].<ref name="BBC1">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3725357.stm |title=India's architect of reforms |access-date=December 11, 2008 |last=Biswas |first=Soutik |date=October 14, 2005 |work=[[BBC News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430013006/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3725357.stm |archive-date=April 30, 2009}}</ref>
* January 9, 2005 – [[Mahmoud Abbas]] is elected to succeed [[Yasser Arafat]] as [[Palestinian Authority]] President.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/1933453.stm |title=Profile: Mahmoud Abbas |work=BBC |access-date=October 14, 2009 |date=January 10, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601012740/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/1933453.stm |archive-date=June 1, 2009}}</ref>
* August 1, 2005 – [[Fahd of Saudi Arabia|Fahd]], the King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005, died and is replaced by King [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|Abdullah]].
* January 4, 2006 – Powers are transferred from Israeli Prime Minister [[Ariel Sharon]] to his deputy, Vice Prime Minister [[Ehud Olmert]], after Sharon suffers a massive [[hemorrhagic stroke]].
* January 25, 2006 – [[Hamas]] wins the [[2006 Palestinian legislative election]].
* December 30, 2006 – Former leader of Iraq Saddam Hussein is [[Execution of Saddam Hussein|executed]].
* 2007 – The [[King of Nepal|King]] of [[Nepal]] is suspended from exercising his duties by the newly formed [[Interim legislature of Nepal|interim legislature]] on January 15, 2007.
* [[Pakistani state of emergency, 2007|2007 political crisis in Pakistan]], [[Pervez Musharraf]] resigns as [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] after the [[assassination of Benazir Bhutto]].
* 2008 – [[Nepal]] becomes the youngest democracy of the world by transforming from a [[constitutional monarchy]] to a [[socialist republic]] on May 28, 2008.
* [[2008 Thai political crisis|2008–10 Thai political crisis]] and [[2010 Thai political protests]] by "red shirts" demonstrations.
* [[2009 Iranian election protests]] – The [[2009 Iranian presidential election]] sparked massive protests in Iran and around the world against alleged electoral fraud and in support of defeated candidate [[Mir-Hossein Mousavi]]. During the protests the Iranian authorities closed universities in Tehran, blocked web sites, blocked cell phone transmissions and text messaging,<ref name="opposition1">{{cite news |first1=Robert F. |last1=Worth |first2=Nazila |last2=Fathi |title=Protests Flare in Tehran as Opposition Disputes Vote |date=June 13, 2009 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/14/world/middleeast/14iran.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=June 19, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711155202/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/14/world/middleeast/14iran.html |archive-date=July 11, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> and banned rallies.<ref name="JohnsonMurphy">{{cite news |first=Ben |last=Knight |title=Iranian protester killed after opposition rally |date=June 15, 2009 |agency=ABC News. ''abc.net.au'' |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-06-16/iran-protester-killed-after-anti-government-rally/1715122 |access-date=March 8, 2012 |archive-date=May 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514073054/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-06-16/iran-protester-killed-after-anti-government-rally/1715122 |url-status=live}}</ref> Several demonstrators in Iran were killed or imprisoned during the protests. Dozens of human casualties were reported or confirmed.<ref name="Iran official says 36 killed in post-vote unrest">{{cite news |title=Iran official says 36 killed in post-vote unrest |date=September 10, 2009 |agency=AFP |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j8GPoWmrf2qerPWQNHb8Z9eGjT3Q |access-date=November 30, 2011 |archive-date=January 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125145827/http://www.google.com/hosted/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iaWYtGitSBRRBJkDanoZ1gwP4DBA |title=Google.com |date=September 3, 2009 |access-date=February 13, 2012 |archive-date=February 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218222812/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iaWYtGitSBRRBJkDanoZ1gwP4DBA |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Lake, Eli. "[http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/jun/25/opposition-alters-tactics-to-avoid-protest-deaths/ Iran protesters alter tactics to avoid death]". ''[[The Washington Times]]''. (June 25, 2009) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023171901/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/jun/25/opposition-alters-tactics-to-avoid-protest-deaths/|date=October 23, 2013 }}</ref>
* [[Death and funeral of Corazon Aquino]] – Former President [[Corazon Aquino]] of the [[Philippines]] died of [[cardiorespiratory arrest]] on August 1, 2009, at the age of 76 after being in hospital from June 2009, and being diagnosed with [[colorectal cancer]] in March 2008.

==== Europe ====
[[File:Tratado de Lisboa 13 12 2007 (081).jpg|thumb|[[Treaty of Lisbon]]]]
[[File:Tarja Halonen in 2000.png|thumb|[[Tarja Halonen]] served as [[Finland]]'s 11th President and the first female head of state from 2000 to 2012.]]
* The [[Mayor of London]] is an elected politician who, along with the [[London Assembly]] of 25 members, is accountable for the strategic government of [[Greater London]]. The role, created in 2000 after the [[London devolution referendum]], was the first directly elected mayor in the United Kingdom.
* The Netherlands becomes the first country in the world to fully legalize [[same-sex marriage]] on April 1, 2001.
* [[Silvio Berlusconi]] becomes [[Prime Minister of Italy]] in 2001 and again in 2008, after two years of a government held by [[Romano Prodi]], dominating the political scene for more than a decade and becoming the longest-serving post-war Prime Minister.
* [[European integration]] makes progress with the definitive circulation of the euro in twelve countries in 2002 and the widening of [[European Union]] to 27 countries in 2007. A [[European Constitution]] bill is rejected by French and Dutch voters in 2005, but a similar text, the [[Treaty of Lisbon]], is drafted in 2007 and [[Signing of the Treaty of Lisbon|finally adopted]] by the 27 members countries.
* June 1–4, 2002 – The [[Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II]] was the international celebration marking the 50th anniversary of the accession of Elizabeth II to the thrones of seven countries.<ref name="Buck50">{{cite web |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/HMTheQueen/TheQueenandspecialanniversaries/TheQueensGoldenJubilee/50factsaboutTheQueensGoldenJubilee.aspx |last=The Royal Household |title=Her Majesty The Queen > Jubilees and other milestones > Golden Jubilee > 50 facts about The Queen's Golden Jubilee |publisher=Queen's Printer |access-date=November 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054720/http://www.royal.gov.uk/HMTheQueen/TheQueenandspecialanniversaries/TheQueensGoldenJubilee/50factsaboutTheQueensGoldenJubilee.aspx |archive-date=September 21, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Blair |first=Tony |author-link=Tony Blair |date=November 23, 2000 |publication-date=January 13, 2003 |contribution=House of Commons Debate |editor-last=House of Commons Library |editor-link=House of Commons Library |editor2-last=Pond |editor2-first=Chris |title=Golden Jubilee 2002 |page=5 |location=Westminster |publisher=Queen's Printer |id=SN/PC/1435 |url=http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/briefings/snpc-01435.pdf |access-date=November 25, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605082313/http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/briefings/snpc-01435.pdf |archive-date=June 5, 2011}}</ref>
* [[Color revolutions]]: The [[Rose Revolution]] in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] leads to the ousting of [[Eduard Shevardnadze]] and the end of the Soviet era of leadership in the country.
* [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] replaced [[José María Aznar]] as President of the Government of Spain in 2004.
* [[Color revolutions]]: The [[Orange Revolution]] in Ukraine occurs in the aftermath of the [[2004 Ukrainian presidential election]].
* [[Pope John Paul II]] dies on April 2, 2005. [[Pope Benedict XVI]] is elected on April 19, 2005.
* [[Angela Merkel]] becomes the first female [[Chancellor of Germany]] in 2005.
* The [[St Andrews Agreement]] signed in [[St Andrews]], [[Fife]], [[Scotland]] to restore the [[Northern Ireland Assembly]] and bring in the principle of policing by consent with the [[Police Service of Northern Ireland]] with all parties in 2006.
* [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] is elected President of France in 2007 succeeding [[Jacques Chirac]], who had held the position for 12 years.
* [[Gordon Brown]] succeeds [[Tony Blair]] as [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] in 2007.
* [[Tony Blair]] was officially confirmed as Middle East envoy for the United Nations, European Union, United States, and Russia in 2007.
* [[Dmitry Medvedev]] succeeded [[Vladimir Putin]] as the [[President of Russia]] in 2008.
* Parties broadly characterised by political scientists as being [[Right-wing populism|right-wing populist]] soar throughout the 2000s, in the wake of increasing anti-Islam and anti-immigration sentiment in most Western European countries.<ref name="spie" /> By 2010, such parties (albeit often significant differences between them) were present in the national parliaments of Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Austria, Italy and Greece.<ref name="spie" /> In Austria, Italy and Switzerland, the [[Freedom Party of Austria]], [[Lega Nord]] and [[Swiss People's Party]], respectively, were at times also part of the national governments, and in Denmark, the [[Danish People's Party]] tolerated a right-liberal minority government from 2001 throughout the decade.<ref name="spie">{{cite news |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,719842,00.html |work=Der Spiegel |title=Continent of Fear: The Rise of Europe's Right-Wing Populists |date=September 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311153412/http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0%2C1518%2C719842%2C00.html |archive-date=March 11, 2012 |url-status=dead}}, [http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,719842-2,00.html Part 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203114539/http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,719842-2,00.html |date=December 3, 2010 }}, [http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,719842-3,00.html Part 3] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204024055/http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,719842-3,00.html |date=December 4, 2010 }}</ref> While not being present in the national parliaments of France and the United Kingdom, [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]] of the [[National Front (France)|National Front]] came second in the first round of the [[2002 French presidential election]]s, and in the [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|2009 European Parliament election]], the [[UK Independence Party]] came second, beating even the Labour Party, while the [[British National Party]] managed to win two seats for the first time.

=== World leaders ===
{{Main|List of state leaders in the 2000s}}

== Assassinations and attempts ==
Prominent assassinations, targeted killings, and assassination attempts include:
[[File:Laurent Désiré Kabila portrait 3x4.jpg|thumb|100px|upright|[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]]]
[[File:Birendra Bir Bikram Shah c. 1967 (restoration).jpg|thumb|100px|upright|[[Birendra of Nepal]]]]
[[File:Zoran Djindjic Cropped.jpg|thumb|100px|upright|[[Zoran Djindjic]]]]
[[File:Visit of Rafic Hariri, Lebanese Prime Minister, to the EC P010848002H (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|upright|[[Rafic Hariri]]]]
[[File:Benazir Bhutto.jpg|thumb|100px|upright|[[Benazir Bhutto]]]]
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible sortable"
|-
! style="width:120px;"| Date
! Description
|-
| January 16, 2001
|[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], the President of the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] was [[Assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila|assassinated]] by a bodyguard. The motive remains unexplained.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/feb/11/theobserver |title=Revealed: How Africa's dictator died at the hands of his boy soldiers |website=[[The Guardian]] |date=February 11, 2001 |access-date=October 17, 2022 |archive-date=December 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209051620/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/feb/11/theobserver |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| June 1, 2001
|[[King of Nepal|King]] [[Birendra of Nepal|Birendra]] of [[Nepal]], along with eight other royals, are [[Nepalese royal massacre|killed]] by Nepal's crown prince [[Dipendra of Nepal|Diprendra]] who then shoots himself. Nepal's laws regarding succession allows the comatose Dipendra to rule for three days before he succumbs to his injuries.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://adst.org/2019/07/death-love-and-conspiracy-the-nepalese-royal-massacre-of-2001/ |title=Death, Love and Conspiracy: The Nepalese Royal Massacre of 2001 (Durbar Hatyakanda) – Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training |date=July 8, 2019 |access-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-date=March 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331204935/https://adst.org/2019/07/death-love-and-conspiracy-the-nepalese-royal-massacre-of-2001/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|September 9, 2001
|[[Ahmad Shah Massoud]], guerilla commander of the [[Northern Alliance]] against the [[Soviet–Afghan War|Soviet invasion]] and [[Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)|against]] the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|Taliban regime]], was killed in [[Khwaja Bahauddin District|Khwaja Bahauddin]], [[Takhar Province]], [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|Afghanistan]] by [[Al-Qaeda]] operatives, days before the [[September 11 attacks]].
|-
| October 17, 2001
|[[Israel]]i Minister of Tourism [[Rehavam Ze'evi]] was [[Assassination of Rehavam Ze'evi|assassinated]] by three Palestinian assailants, members of the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1603862.stm |title=Israeli minister shot dead |date=October 17, 2001 |access-date=October 17, 2022 |archive-date=March 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329004750/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1603862.stm |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| May 6, 2002
| [[Pim Fortuyn]], Dutch politician, was [[Assassination of Pim Fortuyn|assassinated]] by environmentalist activist [[Volkert van der Graaf]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/netherlands/1425944/Fortuyn-killed-to-protect-Muslims.html |title=Fortuyn killed 'to protect Muslims' |date=March 28, 2003 |access-date=October 17, 2022 |archive-date=April 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428020432/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/netherlands/1425944/Fortuyn-killed-to-protect-Muslims.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| March 12, 2003
| [[Zoran Đinđić]], [[Serbia and Montenegro|Serbian and Montenegrin]] Prime Minister, is [[Assassination of Zoran Đinđić|assassinated]] by [[Zvezdan Jovanović]], a soldier of [[Milorad Ulemek]], the former commander of the Special Operations Unit of Yugoslavia's secret police.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/features/2007/05/24/feature-01 |title=Djindjic's killers convicted, sentenced after 3½-year trial |access-date=October 17, 2022 |archive-date=April 13, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413030543/http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/features/2007/05/24/feature-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| September 10, 2003
| [[Anna Lindh]], Swedish foreign minister, was [[Anna Lindh#Assassination|assassinated]] after being stabbed in the chest, stomach, and arms by Serbian and Montenegrin national [[Mijailo Mijailović]] while shopping in a [[Stockholm]] department store.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/5642583 |title=Ten years since the death of Anna Lindh |newspaper=Sveriges Radio |date=September 11, 2013 |access-date=October 17, 2022 |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017130739/https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/5642583 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| March 22, 2004
| [[Ahmed Yassin]], the founder and spiritual leader of the militant [[Islamism|Islamist]] group [[Hamas]], was [[Ahmed Yassin#Assassination|assassinated]] in the [[Gaza Strip]] by the [[Israeli Air Force]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeerah.info/Special%20Reports/Different%20special%20reports/Shaikh%20Ahmed%20Yassin%27s%20Assassination.htm |title=Shaikh Ahmed Yassin's Assassination |website=www.aljazeerah.info |access-date=19 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709054231/http://www.aljazeerah.info/Special%20Reports/Different%20special%20reports/Shaikh%20Ahmed%20Yassin%27s%20Assassination.htm |archive-date=9 July 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| November 2, 2004
| [[Theo van Gogh (film director)|Theo van Gogh]], Dutch filmmaker and critic of Islamic culture, was [[Theo van Gogh (film director)#Death|assassinated]] in [[Amsterdam]] by [[Mohammed Bouyeri]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/nov/07/terrorism.religion |title=The murder that shattered Holland's liberal dream |website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |date=November 7, 2004 |access-date=October 17, 2022 |archive-date=September 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911182628/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/nov/07/terrorism.religion |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| February 14, 2005
| [[Rafic Hariri]], former [[Prime Minister of Lebanon]], was [[Assassination of Rafic Hariri|assassinated]] when explosives equivalent to around 1,000&nbsp;kg of [[TNT]] were detonated as his [[motorcade]] drove past the St. George Hotel in [[Beirut]]. The assassination attempt also killed at least 16 other people and injured 120 others.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/cbc-investigation-who-killed-lebanon-s-rafik-hariri-1.874820 |title=CBC Investigation: Who killed Lebanon's Rafik Hariri? |work=CBC News |last=Macdonald |first=Neil |date=21 November 2010 |access-date=4 November 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903144812/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2010/11/19/f-rfa-macdonald-lebanon-hariri.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| December 27, 2007
| [[Benazir Bhutto]], former Pakistani prime minister, was [[Assassination of Benazir Bhutto|assassinated]] at an election rally in [[Rawalpindi]] by a bomb blast. The assassination attempt also killed at least 80 other people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2007-12/2007-12-27-voa12.cfm |title=Pakistan's Former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto Assassinated |access-date=October 17, 2022 |archive-date=March 9, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309195431/http://voanews.com/english/archive/2007-12/2007-12-27-voa12.cfm |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| March 2, 2009
| [[João Bernardo Vieira]], [[List of presidents of Guinea-Bissau|President]] of [[Guinea-Bissau]], was [[João Bernardo Vieira#Attacks and death|assassinated]] during an armed attack on his residence in [[Bissau]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/president-shot-dead-in-palace-as-rebel-troops-take-revenge-1635904.html |title=President shot dead in palace as rebel troops take revenge – Africa, World – the Independent |website=www.independent.co.uk |access-date=19 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304125517/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/president-shot-dead-in-palace-as-rebel-troops-take-revenge-1635904.html |archive-date=4 March 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| April 30, 2009
| Seven people are killed when a [[2009 attack on the Dutch royal family|vehicle rams through a crowd]] watching the [[Koninginnedag]] parade in [[Apeldoorn]] in an attempt to target [[Queen Beatrix]] of the Netherlands, [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Crown Prince Willem-Alexander]] and other members of the Dutch [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|royal family]]. The assailant dies a day later due to injuries sustained in the attack.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8026807.stm |title=Car attack on Dutch royal parade |date=April 30, 2009 |access-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031141802/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8026807.stm |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Disasters ==

=== Natural disasters ===
{{See also|Category:2000 natural disasters|Countries affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake|Humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake|Economic effects of Hurricane Katrina}}
[[File:2004-tsunami.jpg|thumb|[[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]]. The [[tsunami]] caused by the December 26, 2004, earthquake strikes [[Ao Nang]], Thailand.]]
The 2000s experienced some of the worst and most destructive [[natural disasters]] in history.

==== Earthquakes (including tsunamis) ====
* On January 13, 2001, a [[January 2001 El Salvador earthquake|7.6-magnitude earthquake]] strikes El Salvador, killing 944 people and injuring 5,565 people.
* On January 26, 2001, an [[2001 Gujarat earthquake|earthquake]] hits [[Gujarat]], India, killing more than 12,000.
* On February 28, 2001, the [[2001 Nisqually earthquake|Nisqually earthquake]] hits the Seattle metro area. It caused major damage to the [[Alaskan Way Viaduct|old highway]] standing in the urban center of Seattle.
* On February 13, 2001, a [[February 2001 El Salvador earthquake|6.6-magnitude earthquake]] hits [[El Salvador]], killing at least 400.
* On May 21, 2003, an earthquake in the [[Boumerdès]] region of northern [[Algeria]] kills 2,200.
* On December 26, 2003, the massive [[2003 Bam earthquake]] devastates southeastern [[Iran]]; over 40,000 people are reported killed in the city of [[Bam, Iran|Bam]].
* On December 26, 2004, one of the worst [[natural disaster]]s in recorded history hits southeast Asia, when [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|the largest earthquake in 40 years]] hits the entire Indian Ocean region. The massive 9.3 magnitude earthquake, epicentered just off the west coast of the [[Indonesia]]n island of [[Sumatra]], generates enormous [[tsunami]] waves that crash into the coastal areas of a number of nations including [[Thailand]], India, [[Sri Lanka]], the [[Maldives]], Malaysia, [[Myanmar]], Bangladesh, and [[Indonesia]]. The official death toll from the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|Boxing Day tsunami]] in the affected countries with over 230,000 people dead.
* On October 8, 2005, the [[2005 Kashmir earthquake]] killed over 80,000 people.
* On May 12, 2008, over 69,000 are killed in central south-west China by the [[2008 Sichuan earthquake|Wenchuan quake]], an earthquake measuring 7.9 on the [[moment magnitude scale]]. The epicenter was {{convert|90|km|mi|sp=us}} west-northwest of the provincial capital [[Chengdu]], Sichuan province.

==== Tropical cyclones, other weather, and bushfires ====

[[File:KatrinaNewOrleansFlooded edit2.jpg|thumb|upright|2005 flooding in [[New Orleans]], caused by [[Hurricane Katrina]].]]
* July 7–11, 2005 – [[Hurricane Dennis]] caused damage in the Caribbean and southeastern United States. Dennis killed a total of 88 people and caused $3.71 billion in damages.
* August 28–29, 2005 – [[Hurricane Katrina]] made landfall in [[Louisiana]] and [[Mississippi]], devastating the city of [[New Orleans]] and nearby coastal areas. Katrina was recognized as the costliest natural disaster in the United States at the time, after causing a record $108&nbsp;billion in damages (a record later surpassed by [[Hurricane Harvey]] in [[2017 Atlantic hurricane season|2017]]). Katrina caused over 1,200 deaths.
* September 25, 2006 –  [[Typhoon Xangsane]] (known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Milenyo) struck the Philippines, Vietnam and Thailand, killing over 300 and caused $747 million in damage.
* November 30, 2006 – [[Typhoon Durian]] (known in the Philippines as Typhoon Reming) affected the Philippines' [[Bicol Region]], and together with a concurrent eruption of [[Mayon Volcano]], caused mudflows and killed more than 1,200 people.
* August 30, 2007 – Group of [[Croatia]]n firefighters who were flown in on the island [[Kornat]] as part of the [[2007 Croatian coast fires|2007 coast fires]] firefighting efforts perished. Twelve out of thirteen men who found themselves surrounded by fire were killed in the event which was the biggest loss of lives in the history of Croatian firefighting.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}
* May 3, 2008 – [[Cyclone Nargis]] had an extreme impact in [[Myanmar]], causing nearly 140,000 deaths and $10 billion in damages.
* June 21, 2008 – [[Typhoon Fengshen (2008)|Typhoon Fengshen]] (called Typhoon Frank in the Philippines) struck the central [[Philippines]], causing over 1,400 deaths and $480 million in damage. The cyclone also caused the  sinking of the ferry [[MV Princess of the Stars]], killing more than 800 on Board.
* February 7 – March 14, 2009 – The [[Black Saturday bushfires]], the deadliest [[Bushfires in Australia|bushfires]] in Australian history, took place across the Australian state of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] during extreme bushfire-weather conditions, killing 173 people, injuring more than 500, and leaving around 7,500 homeless. The fires came after [[Melbourne]] recorded the [[2009 southeastern Australia heat wave|highest-ever temperature]] ({{convert|46.4|°C|°F|abbr=on|disp=or}}) of any capital city in Australia. The majority of the fires were caused by either fallen or clashing power lines, or [[arson]].
* September–October 2009 – [[Typhoon Ketsana]] (known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Ondoy) caused flooding in [[Luzon]], [[Philippines]], mostly in [[Metro Manila]], killing nearly 700 people in total. Flood levels reached a record of 20&nbsp;ft (6.1 m) in rural areas. Days after Ketsana left the Philippines, [[Typhoon Parma]] (known as Typhoon Pepeng in the Philippines) made landfall three times, causing widespread flooding in northern Luzon; 500 were killed and damage totaled $560 million.
* Winter of 2009–2010 – The winter of 2009–2010 saw abnormally cold temperatures in [[Winter of 2009–10 in Europe|Europe]], Asia, and [[2009–10 North American winter|America]]. A total of 21 people were reported to have died as a result of the cold in the [[Winter of 2009–10 in Great Britain and Ireland|British Isles]]. On December 26, 2009, [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia, was covered by 35&nbsp;cm of snow, the largest December snowfall recorded in the city since 1881.

==== Epidemics ====

[[Antimicrobial resistance|Antibiotic resistance]] is a serious and growing phenomenon in contemporary medicine and has emerged as one of the eminent public health concerns of the 21st century, particularly as it pertains to pathogenic organisms (the term is not especially relevant to organisms which don't cause disease in humans).

The outbreak of [[foot-and-mouth disease]] in the [[United Kingdom]] in 2001 caused a crisis in British agriculture and tourism. This [[epizootic]] saw 2,000 cases of the disease in farms across most of the British countryside. Over 6 million sheep and cattle were killed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-02-19 |title=Foot-and-mouth outbreak's parallels with Covid pandemic |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cumbria-55981681 |access-date=2024-05-02 |language=en-GB |archive-date=May 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502154849/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cumbria-55981681 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Between November 2002 and July 2003, an [[2002–2004 SARS outbreak|outbreak]] of [[severe acute respiratory syndrome]] (SARS) occurred in Hong Kong, with 8,273 cases and 775 deaths worldwide (9.6% fatality) according to the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO). Within weeks, SARS spread from Hong Kong to infect individuals in 37 countries in early 2003.

[[Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus|Methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'']]: the [[Office for National Statistics]] reported 1,629 [[Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus|MRSA]]-related deaths in [[England and Wales]] during 2005, indicating a MRSA-related mortality rate half the rate of that in the United States for 2005, even though the figures from the British source were explained to be high because of "improved levels of reporting, possibly brought about by the continued high public profile of the disease" during the time of the [[2005 United Kingdom General Election]]. MRSA is thought to have caused 1,652 deaths in 2006 in UK up from 51 in 1993.

[[File:Swine Flu Masked Train Passengers in Mexico City.jpg|thumb|right|People in Mexico City wear masks on a train due to the [[2009 H1N1 flu outbreak|swine flu outbreak]], April 2009]]
The 2009 [[H1N1]] (swine flu) [[2009 flu pandemic|flu pandemic]] was also considered a natural disaster. On October 25, 2009, U.S. President [[Barack Obama]] officially declared H1N1 a [[national emergency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Obama declares swine flu a national emergency |url=http://heraldextra.com/news/national/article_a4de47bf-1dd4-52ea-9f2d-db535ba581b4.html |newspaper=The Daily Herald |year=2009 |access-date=October 26, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029080742/http://www.heraldextra.com/news/national/article_a4de47bf-1dd4-52ea-9f2d-db535ba581b4.html |archive-date=October 29, 2009}}</ref> Despite President Obama's concern, a [[Fairleigh Dickinson University]] PublicMind poll found in October 2009 that an overwhelming majority of New Jerseyans (74%) were not very worried or not at all worried about contracting the H1N1 flu virus.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://publicmind.fdu.edu/h1n1/release.pdf |title=New Jersewans not worried about H1N1 |publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University |date=October 8, 2009 |access-date=February 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312170728/http://publicmind.fdu.edu/h1n1/release.pdf |archive-date=March 12, 2012}}</ref>

A study conducted in coordination with the University of Michigan Health Service is scheduled for publication in the December 2009 ''American Journal of [[Roentgenology]]'' warning that H1N1 flu can cause [[pulmonary embolism]], surmised as a leading cause of death in this current pandemic. The study authors suggest physician evaluation via contrast enhanced CT scans for the presence of pulmonary emboli when caring for patients diagnosed with respiratory complications from a "severe" case of the H1N1 flu.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mollura |first1=Daniel J. |last2=Asnis |first2=Deborah S. |last3=Crupi |first3=Robert S. |last4=Conetta |first4=Rick |last5=Feigin |first5=David S. |last6=Bray |first6=Mike |last7=Taubenberger |first7=Jeffery K. |last8=Bluemke |first8=David A. |title=Imaging Findings in a Fatal Case of Pandemic Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) |journal=American Journal of Roentgenology |date=December 2009 |volume=193 |issue=6 |pages=1500–1503 |doi=10.2214/AJR.09.3365 |pmid=19933640 |pmc=2788497}}</ref>

As of May 30, 2010, as stated by the World Health Organization, more than 214 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including over 18,138 deaths.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_06_04/en/index.html |title=Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 – update 103 |publisher=Who.int |access-date=October 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119161116/http://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_06_04/en/index.html |archive-date=November 19, 2010}}</ref>

=== Non-natural disasters ===

==== Vehicular wrecks ====
* On January 31, 2000, [[Alaska Airlines Flight 261]] crashed into the [[Pacific Ocean]] off the coast of [[California]] after the plane's jackscrew failed, killing all 88 on board.
* On July 25, 2000, [[Air France Flight 4590]], a [[Concorde]] aircraft, crashed into a hotel in [[Gonesse]] just after takeoff from Paris, killing all 109 aboard and 4 in the hotel. This was the only Concorde accident in which fatalities occurred. It was the beginning of the end for Concorde as an airliner; the type was retired three years later.
* On August 12, 2000, the ''[[Russian submarine K-141 Kursk]]'' sank in the [[Barents Sea]], killing all 118 men on board.
* On November 11, 2000, the [[Kaprun disaster]] occurred. 155 people perished in a fire that broke out on a train in the Austrian Alps.
* On October 8, 2001, two aircraft [[2001 Linate Airport runway collision|collided on a runway]] at the [[Linate Airport]] in [[Milan]], [[Italy]], killing all 114 people aboard both aircraft and 4 people on the ground.
* On November 12, 2001, [[American Airlines Flight 587]] crashed into a neighborhood in [[Queens]], [[New York City]], killing all 260 aboard and 5 people on the ground.
* On May 25, 2002, [[China Airlines Flight 611]] broke up in mid-air and plunged into the [[Taiwan Strait]], killing all 225 people on board.
* On July 1, 2002, a [[Tupolev Tu-154]] passenger airliner and a [[Boeing 757]] cargo plane [[Überlingen mid-air collision|collided]] above the [[Germany|German]] town of [[Überlingen]]. All 71 people on both aircraft died.
* On July 27, 2002, a [[Sukhoi Su-27]] fighter jet [[Sknyliv airshow disaster|crashed]] at an [[air show]] in [[Ukraine]], killing 77 and injuring 543, making it the worst air show disaster in history.
* On September 26, 2002, the ferry [[MV Le Joola|MV ''Le Joola'']] sank off the coast of [[Gambia]], killing at least 1,863 people.
* On February 1, 2003, at the conclusion of the ''[[STS-107]]'' mission, the [[Space Shuttle]] ''[[Space Shuttle Columbia|Columbia]]'' [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|disintegrated during reentry]] over Texas, killing all seven astronauts on board.
* On February 19, 2003, an [[Ilyushin Il-76]] military aircraft [[2003 Iran Ilyushin Il-76 crash|crashed]] outside the [[Iran]]ian city of [[Kerman]], killing 275.
* On August 14, 2005, [[Helios Airways Flight 522]] crashed into a mountain north of [[Marathon, Greece]], while flying from [[Larnaca, Cyprus]], to Athens, Greece. All 115 passengers and six crew on board the aircraft were killed.
* On August 16, 2005, [[West Caribbean Airways Flight 708]] crashed in a remote region of [[Venezuela]], killing 160.
* On September 29, 2006, [[Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907]] collided with a new [[Embraer Legacy 600]] business jet over the [[Brazil]]ian [[Amazon rainforest|Amazon]] and crashed, killing all 154 people on board. The Embraer aircraft made an emergency landing at a nearby military outpost with no harm to its seven occupants.
* On December 30, 2006, the ferry [[MV Senopati Nusantara|MV ''Senopati Nusantara'']] sank in a storm in the [[Java Sea]], killing between 400 and 500 of the 628 people aboard. Three days later, [[Adam Air Flight 574]] crashed in the same storm, killing all 102 people on board.
* On July 17, 2007, [[TAM Airlines Flight 3054]] skidded off the runway at [[Congonhas-São Paulo Airport]] and crashed into a nearby warehouse, leaving 199 people dead.
* On February 12, 2009, [[Colgan Air Flight 3407]] crashed on approach in [[Buffalo, New York]], killing 50.
* On June 1, 2009, [[Air France Flight 447]] crashed into the southern [[Atlantic Ocean]] after instrument failure disoriented the crew. All 228 people on board perished.
* On June 30, 2009, [[Yemenia Flight 626]] crashed into the [[Indian Ocean]] near the [[Comoros]] islands. Of the 153 people on board, only 12-year-old [[Bahia Bakari]] survived.

==== Crowd crushes and collapses ====
* Two separate crowd collapses (in [[2004 Hajj stampede|2004]] and [[2006 Hajj stampede|2006]] respectively) during the annual [[Hajj]] in [[Mecca]], Saudi Arabia killed 245 and 345 pilgrims respectively.
* January 25, 2005: 291 pilgrims died after [[Mandher Devi temple stampede|a fatal crowd collapse]] at a Hindu temple in [[Maharashtra]], India.
* August 31, 2005 – 953 people died following [[Baghdad bridge stampede|a stampede]] on Al-Aaimmah bridge, which crosses the [[Tigris]] river in the [[Iraq]]i capital of [[Baghdad]].
* September 30, 2008: Rumors of a bomb planted inside a Hindu temple in [[Jodhpur]], India caused a [[2008 Jodhpur stampede|crowd crush]] killing 224 pilgrims and injuring 425 others.

== Economics ==
{{Main|2000s in economics}}

The most significant evolution of the 2000s in the economic landscape was the long-time predicted breakthrough of economic giant [[Economy of China|China]], whose GDP grew from 1.21 trillion to 5.1 trillion (in 2022 USD).<ref>{{Cite web |title=GDP (current US$) – China {{!}} Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?end=2021&locations=CN&start=1960 |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=data.worldbank.org |archive-date=January 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115104944/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?end=2021&locations=CN&start=1960 |url-status=live}}</ref> To a lesser extent, India also benefited from an economic boom (growing from 438.39 billion to 1.34 trillion)<ref>{{cite news |title=India Reaps Benefits of Economic Boom |date=November 2, 2006 |work=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/11/01/india.economy/index.html |access-date=November 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221514/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/11/01/india.economy/index.html |archive-date=October 4, 2013}}</ref> which saw the two most populous countries becoming an increasingly dominant economic force.<ref>{{cite web |title=A New World Economy |work=Bloomberg Business Week |date=August 22, 2005 |access-date=June 1, 2011 |url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_34/b3948401.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522173400/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_34/b3948401.htm |archive-date=May 22, 2011}}</ref> The rapid catching-up of emerging economies with developed countries sparked some protectionist tensions during the period and was partly responsible for an increase in energy and food prices at the end of the decade. The economic developments in the latter third of the decade were dominated by a worldwide economic downturn, which started with the [[subprime mortgage crisis|crisis in housing and credit]] in the United States in late 2007, and led to the bankruptcy of major banks and other financial institutions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Iceland goes bankrupt |work=BusinessWeek |first=Michael |last=Mandel |date=October 10, 2008 |url=http://www.businessweek.com/the_thread/economicsunbound/archives/2008/10/iceland_goes_ba.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013190640/http://www.businessweek.com/the_thread/economicsunbound/archives/2008/10/iceland_goes_ba.html |archive-date=October 13, 2008 |url-status=dead |access-date=July 19, 2009}}</ref> The outbreak of the [[2008 financial crisis]] sparked a global recession, beginning in the United States and affecting most of the industrialized world.
* A study by the World Institute for Development Economics Research at [[United Nations University]] reports that the richest 1% of adults alone owned 40% of global assets in the year 2000. [[The World's Billionaires|''The three'' richest people]] possess more [[finance|financial]] assets than the lowest 48 nations combined.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}
The combined wealth of the "10 million dollar millionaires" grew to nearly $41 trillion in 2008.<ref>"[http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/growth-of-millionaires-in-india-fastest-in-world_10064367.html Growth of millionaires in India fastest in world]". Thaindian News. June 25, 2008. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623172139/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/growth-of-millionaires-in-india-fastest-in-world_10064367.html|date=June 23, 2013 }}</ref>
* The [[sale of UK gold reserves, 1999–2002]] was a policy pursued by [[HM Treasury]] when [[gold]] prices were at their lowest in 20 years, following an extended [[bear market]]. The period itself has been dubbed by some commentators as the '''Brown Bottom''' or '''Brown's Bottom'''.<ref name="times">{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article1655001.ece |title=Goldfinger Brown's £2 billion blunder in the bullion market |work=The Times |date=15 April 2007 |access-date=February 19, 2014 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511163250/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article1655001.ece |archive-date=May 11, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Investing |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/investing/3849910/The-outlook-for-gold.html |title=The outlook for gold |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=December 19, 2008 |access-date=February 19, 2014 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326144415/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/investing/3849910/The-outlook-for-gold.html |archive-date=March 26, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Walsoft |url=http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article670.html |title=The Gold Bull Market Remembers How Gordon Brown Sold Half of Britains Reserves at the Lowest Price, The Market Oracle, Clive Maund, 1 April 2007 |publisher=Marketoracle.co.uk |date=April 1, 2007 |access-date=February 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027205114/http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article670.html |archive-date=October 27, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.goldseek.com/GoldSeek/1257404820.php |title=The Significance of the IMF-RBI Gold Sales, Tim Iacono, GoldSeek.com, 5 November 2009 |publisher=News.goldseek.com |date=November 5, 2009 |access-date=February 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224212701/http://news.goldseek.com/GoldSeek/1257404820.php |archive-date=February 24, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.golddealer.com/GoldGlitters2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103221316/http://www.golddealer.com/GoldGlitters2008.pdf |url-status=dead |title=In 2008, Gold Should Glitter, James Turk, ''SFO magazine'', February 2007. |archive-date=January 3, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Warren |last=Bevan |url=http://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_08/bevan062309.html |title=China & IMF Gold Sales; The Real Story, Warren Bevan, gold-eagle.com, 23 June 2009 |publisher=Gold-eagle.com |date=June 23, 2009 |access-date=February 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312074543/http://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_08/bevan062309.html |archive-date=March 12, 2013}}</ref>

The period takes its name from [[Gordon Brown]], the then UK [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] (who later became [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]]), who decided to sell approximately half of the UK's [[gold reserve]]s in a series of auctions. At the time, the UK's gold reserves were worth about US$6.5 billion, accounting for about half of the UK's US$13 billion [[Currency|foreign currency]] net reserves.<ref name="hmt">{{cite web |url=http://hm-treasury.gov.uk/d/GoldReserves.PDF |date=October 2002 |title=Review of the sale of part of the UK gold reserves |publisher=[[HM Treasury]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421115541/http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/d/goldreserves.pdf |archive-date=April 21, 2013}}</ref>
* The 2001 [[AOL]] merger with [[Time Warner]] (a deal valued at $350 billion; which was the largest merger in American business history)<ref>{{cite news |last=Arango |first=Tim |title=How the AOL-Time Warner Merger Went So Wrong |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/11/business/media/11merger.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |work=The New York Times Company |access-date=February 26, 2013 |date=January 11, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610070755/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/11/business/media/11merger.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |archive-date=June 10, 2013}}</ref> was 'the biggest mistake in corporate history', believes [[Time Warner]] chief [[Jeff Bewkes]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barnett |first1=Emma |last2=Andrews |first2=Amanda |title=AOL merger was 'the biggest mistake in corporate history', believes Time Warner chief Jeff Bewkes |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/media/8031227/AOL-merger-was-the-biggest-mistake-in-corporate-history-believes-Time-Warner-chief-Jeff-Bewkes.html |access-date=February 26, 2013 |location=London |date=September 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122123620/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/media/8031227/AOL-merger-was-the-biggest-mistake-in-corporate-history-believes-Time-Warner-chief-Jeff-Bewkes.html |archive-date=January 22, 2014}}</ref>
* February 7, 2004 – [[EuroMillions]] transnational lottery, launched by France's [[Française des Jeux (lottery)|Française des Jeux]], Spain's Loterías y Apuestas del Estado, and the United Kingdom's Camelot.
* In 2007, it was reported that in the UK, one pound in every seven spent went to the [[Tesco]] grocery and general merchandise retailer.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wallop |first=Harry |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1548742/1-in-every-seven-now-spent-in-Tesco.html |title=£1 in every seven now spent in Tesco |newspaper=Telegraph |date=April 16, 2007 |access-date=February 16, 2013 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429192811/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1548742/1-in-every-seven-now-spent-in-Tesco.html |archive-date=April 29, 2014}}</ref>
* On October 9, 2007, the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] closed at the record level of '''14,164.53'''. Two days later on October 11, the Dow would trade at its highest intra-day level ever, at the '''14,198.10''' mark.<ref>[https://www.google.com/finance/?cid=983582&startdate=Oct+8,+2007&enddate=Oct+12,+2007 ''Dow Jones Industrial Average Historical Prices'']. [[Google Finance]]. Retrieved March 14, 2010.</ref> In what would normally take many years to accomplish; numerous reasons were cited for the Dow's extremely rapid rise from the 11,000 level in early 2006, to the 14,000 level in late 2007. They included future possible [[takeover]]s and [[Mergers and acquisitions|mergers]], healthy earnings reports particularly in the tech sector, and moderate [[inflation]]ary numbers; fueling speculation the Federal Reserve would not raise [[interest rate]]s. Roughly [[Par value|on par]] with the 2000 record when adjusted for inflation, this represented the final high of the cyclical bull. The index closed 2007 at 13,264.82, a level it would not surpass for nearly five years.

=== Economic growth in the world ===
{{See also|List of countries by GDP (nominal)|List of countries by GDP (PPP)|List of countries by past and projected GDP (nominal)}}
[[File:Lujiazui Skyline from Bund.jpg|thumb|Shanghai becomes a symbol of the recent [[Economic expansion|economic boom]] of China.]]

Between 1999 and 2009, according to the [[World Bank]] statistics for GDP:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP.pdf |title=The World Bank: World Development Indicators database, 1 July 2009. Gross domestic product (2008). |date=January 7, 2009 |publisher=World Bank |access-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912122439/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP.pdf |archive-date=September 12, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://malchish.org/lib/economics/vvp.pdf |title=The World Bank: World Development Indicators database, 8 February 2000. Gross domestic product (2008). |date=January 7, 2009 |publisher=World Bank |access-date=December 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612030215/http://malchish.org/lib/economics/vvp.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The [[world economy]] by [[nominal GDP]] almost doubled in size from U.S. $30.21 trillion in 1999 to U.S. $58.23 trillion in 2009. This figure is not adjusted for inflation. By [[Purchasing power parity|PPP]], world GDP rose 78%, according to the IMF. But inflation adjusted nominal GDP rose only 42%, according to IMF constant price growth rates.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=58&pr.y=7&sy=1999&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=001,110,163,119,203,123,998,200,904,901,505,511,406,603,205&s=NGDP_RPCH,PPPGDP&grp=1&a=1 |title=IMF WEO Database: Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects, April 2010. |date=April 2010 |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=October 2, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018070144/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=58&pr.y=7&sy=1999&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=001%2C110%2C163%2C119%2C203%2C123%2C998%2C200%2C904%2C901%2C505%2C511%2C406%2C603%2C205&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CPPPGDP&grp=1&a=1 |archive-date=October 18, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The following figures are not inflation adjusted nominal GDP and should be interpreted with extreme caution:
* The United States (U.S. $14.26 trillion) retained its position of possessing the world's largest economy. However, the size of its contribution to the total global economy dropped from 28.8% to 24.5% by nominal price or a fall from 23.8% to 20.4% adjusted for purchasing power.
* Japan (U.S. $5.07 trillion) retained its position of possessing the second largest economy in the world, but its contribution to the world economy also shrank significantly from 14.5% to 8.7% by nominal price or a fall from 7.8% to 6.0% adjusted for purchasing power.
* China (U.S. $4.98 trillion) went from being the sixth largest to the third largest economy, and in 2009 contributed to 8.6% of the world's economy, up from 3.3% in 1999 by nominal price or a rise from 6.9% to 12.6% adjusted for purchasing power.
* Germany (U.S. $3.35 trillion), France (U.S. $2.65 trillion), United Kingdom (U.S. $2.17 trillion) and Italy (U.S. $2.11 trillion) followed as the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th largest economies, respectively in 2009.
* Brazil (U.S. $1.57 trillion) retained its position as the 8th largest economy, followed by Spain (U.S. $1.46 trillion), which remained at 10th.
* Other major economies included Canada (U.S. $1.34 trillion; 10th, down from 9th), India (U.S. $1.31 trillion; remaining at 11th from 12th), Russia (U.S. $1.23 trillion; from 16th to 12th) Mexico (U.S. $875 billion; 14th, down from 11th), Australia (U.S. $925 billion; from 14th to 13th) and South Korea (U.S. $832 billion; 15th, down from 13th).
* In terms of [[purchasing power parity]] in 2009, the ten largest economies were the United States (U.S. $14.26 trillion), China (U.S. $9.10 trillion), Japan (U.S. $4.14 trillion), India (U.S. $3.75 trillion), Germany (U.S. $2.98 trillion), Russia (U.S. $2.69 trillion), United Kingdom (U.S. $2.26 trillion), France (U.S. $2.17 trillion), Brazil (U.S. $2.02 trillion), and Italy (U.S. $1.92 trillion).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP_PPP.pdf |title=Gross domestic product 2009, PPP |date=June 1, 2011 |access-date=February 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209081011/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP_PPP.pdf |archive-date=February 9, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=33&pr.y=7&sy=1999&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=924,158,111&s=PPPSH&grp=0&a= |title=5. Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |publisher=IMF.org |access-date=February 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018121622/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=33&pr.y=7&sy=1999&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=924%2C158%2C111&s=PPPSH&grp=0&a= |archive-date=October 18, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The average house price in the UK, increased by 132% between the fourth quarter of 2000, and 91% during the decade; but the average salary increased only by 40%.<ref>{{cite news |title=House prices almost doubled in a decade |url=https://www.theguardian.com/money/blog/2011/jan/31/house-prices-doubled-decade |access-date=February 26, 2013 |location=London |first=Jill |last=Insley |date=January 31, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128165317/http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/blog/2011/jan/31/house-prices-doubled-decade |archive-date=January 28, 2012}}</ref>

=== Globalization and its discontents ===
{{See also|Globalization#Effects of globalization|Offshore outsourcing#Source of conflict|Business process outsourcing to India}}
[[File:An Indian call center.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Offshore outsourcing]] of jobs, such as this [[call centre]] in India, significantly increased during the decade as many [[multinational corporation]]s moved their [[manufacturing]] and [[Service (economics)|services]] from [[Western world|western countries]] to [[Developing country|developing countries]].]]
The removal of [[Trade barrier|trade and investment barriers]], the growth of [[domestic market]]s, [[Purchasing power parity|artificially low currencies]], the [[History of education#Recent world-wide trends|proliferation of education]], the rapid development of [[high tech]] and [[information system]]s industries and the growth of the [[world economy]] lead to a significant growth of [[offshore outsourcing]] during the decade as many [[multinational corporation]]s significantly increased [[subcontractor|subcontracting]] of [[manufacturing]] (and increasingly, [[Service (economics)|services]]) across national boundaries in [[developing countries]] and particularly in China and India, due to [[Outsourcing#Reasons|many benefits]] and mainly because the two countries which are the two most populous countries in the world provide huge pools from which to find talent and as because both countries are low cost sourcing countries. As a result of this growth, many of these developing countries accumulated [[capital (economics)|capital]] and started investing abroad. Other countries, including the [[United Arab Emirates]], Australia, Brazil and Russia, benefited from increased demand for their mineral and energy resources that global growth generated. The hollowing out of manufacturing was felt in Japan and parts of the United States and Europe which had not been able to develop successful innovative industries. Opponents point out that the practice of offshore outsourcing by countries with higher wages leads to the reduction of their own domestic employment and domestic investment. As a result, many customer service jobs as well as jobs in the information technology sectors ([[data processing]], [[computer programming]], and [[technical support]]) in countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom have been or are potentially affected.

While [[International trade|global trade]] rose in the decade (partially driven by China's entry into the [[World Trade Organization|WTO]] in 2001), there was little progress in the multilateral trading system. [[International trade]] continued to expand during the decade as emerging economies and developing countries, in particular China and South-Asian countries, benefited low wages costs and most often undervalued currencies. However, global negotiations to reduce tariffs did not make much progress, as member countries of the [[World Trade Organization]] did not succeed in finding agreements to stretch the extent of [[free trade]].<ref>[[EFE]] [http://www.abc.es/20080729/economia-economia/fracasan-negociaciones-ronda-doha-200807291828.html Fracasan las negociaciones de la Ronda de Doha para liberalizar el comercio] July 28, 2008, [[ABC (Spain)]] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402234924/http://www.abc.es/20080729/economia-economia/fracasan-negociaciones-ronda-doha-200807291828.html|date=April 2, 2012 }}</ref> The [[Doha Development Round|Doha Round]] of negotiations, launched in 2001 by the WTO to promote development, failed to be completed because of growing tensions between regional areas. Nor did the [[World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2003|Cancún Conference]] in 2003 find a consensus on [[Trade in services|services trade]]<ref name="Cancún">''[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]'', [http://www.elmundo.es/papel/2003/09/16/economia/1474737.html "El fracaso de la Cumbre de la OMC muestra la fortaleza negociadora de los países pobres"] September 16, 2003 {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and [[Agricultural subsidy|agricultural subsidies]].<ref>[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] [http://www.fao.org/newsroom/es/news/2006/1000375/index.html "La Ronda de Doha necesita un cambio de orientación"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213200550/http://www.fao.org/newsroom/es/news/2006/1000375/index.html |date=December 13, 2012 }} August 8, 2006 "El fracaso de la Ronda de Doha de negociaciones para liberalizar el comercio internacional se debe sobre todo a la lucha para obtener ventajas en los mercados agrícolas por parte de las grandes potencias, empresas y lobbies"</ref>

The comparative rise of China, India, and other developing countries also contributed to their growing clout in [[International marketing|international forums]]. In 2009, it was determined that the [[G20]], originally a forum of finance ministers and central bank governors, would replace the [[G8]] as the main economic council.

'''[[2007 Chinese export recalls]]''' – in 2007, a series of product recalls and import bans were imposed by the product safety institutions of the [[United States]], [[Canada]], the [[European Union]], [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] against products manufactured in and exported from the [[mainland China|mainland]] of the [[China|People's Republic of China]] (PRC) because of numerous alleged [[Consumer protection|consumer safety]] issues.

Events in the confidence crisis included recalls on consumer goods such as [[2007 pet food recalls|pet food]], [[toy]]s, [[toothpaste]], [[lipstick]], and a ban on certain types of [[seafood]]. Also included are reports on the poor crash safety of Chinese automobiles, slated to enter the American and European markets in 2008. This created adverse consequences for the confidence in the safety and quality of mainland Chinese manufactured goods in the global economy.

=== The age of turbulence ===
[[File:Birmingham Northern Rock bank run 2007.jpg|thumb|People queuing outside a [[Northern Rock]] bank branch in [[Birmingham]], United Kingdom on September 15, 2007, to [[bank run|withdraw their savings]] because of the [[Subprime mortgage crisis]].]]
The decade was marked by two financial and economic crises. In 2001, the [[Dot-com bubble]] burst, causing turmoil in financial markets and a [[early 2000s recession|decline in economic activity]] in the developed economies, in particular in the United States.<ref>BBC Mundo, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/business/newsid_1666000/1666319.stm Se contrae la economía mundial] November 21, 2001 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202175936/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/business/newsid_1666000/1666319.stm|date=December 2, 2012 }}</ref> However, the impact of the crisis on the activity was limited thanks to the intervention of the central banks, notably the U.S. [[Federal Reserve]] System. Indeed, [[Alan Greenspan]], leader of the Federal Reserve until 2006, cut the interest rates several times to avoid a severe recession,<ref>BBC Mundo, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/business/newsid_1685000/1685410.stm ¿Recesión global?], September 8, 2001 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203020449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/business/newsid_1685000/1685410.stm|date=December 3, 2012 }}</ref> allowing an economic revival in the U.S.<ref>[[Agence France Presse]] [https://archive.today/20121229212959/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=680131 Greenspan dijo que las tasas se mantienen bajas], [[La Nación]], February 16, 2005</ref>

As the Federal Reserve maintained low interest rates to favor economic growth, [[2000s United States housing bubble|a housing bubble]] began to appear in the United States. In 2007, the rise in interest rates and the collapse of the housing market caused a wave of [[Default (finance)|loan payment failures]] in the U.S. The subsequent [[subprime mortgage crisis]] caused the [[2008 financial crisis]], because the subprime mortgages had been [[Securitization|securitized]] and sold to international banks and investment funds. Despite the extensive intervention of central banks, including partial and total nationalization of major European banks,<ref>"European banking collapse including nationalisation of three banks", ''Credit Writedown'', Ed Harrison, September 29, 2008. Retrieved January 11, 2011, [http://www.creditwritedowns.com/2008/09/european-banking-collapse-including.html Creditwritedowns.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307235238/http://www.creditwritedowns.com/2008/09/european-banking-collapse-including.html|date=March 7, 2012 }}</ref><ref>"Anglo Irish Bank Shares Suspended after Nationalization", The New York Times, January 16, 2009. Retrieved January 11, 2011, [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/16/business/worldbusiness/16iht-15punt.19424614.html NYtimes.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402181013/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/16/business/worldbusiness/16iht-15punt.19424614.html|date=April 2, 2015 }}</ref> the crisis of sovereign debt became particularly acute, first in [[2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis|Iceland]], though as events of the early 2010s would show, it was not an isolated European example. Economic activity was [[Great Recession|severely affected]] around the world in 2008 and 2009,<ref>[[ABC (Spain)|ABC Noticias]], [http://especiales.abc.es/crisis-economica/ The economic crisis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515213610/http://especiales.abc.es/crisis-economica/|date=May 15, 2013 }}</ref> with [[2008–2010 automotive industry crisis|disastrous consequences for carmakers]].<ref>[[Reuters]] [http://www.eluniverso.com/2008/11/15/0001/14/127CB76112CC4112B844BB6966CA769E.html Se extiende crisis de la industria automotriz], November 15, 2008, [[El Universo]] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308111853/http://www.eluniverso.com/2008/11/15/0001/14/127CB76112CC4112B844BB6966CA769E.html|date=March 8, 2012 }}</ref>

In 2007, the UK's [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] [[Gordon Brown]], delivered his final Mansion House speech as Chancellor before he moved into Number 10. Addressing financiers: "A new world order has been created", Everyone needed to follow the city's "great example", "an era that history will record as the beginning of a new Golden Age".<ref>{{cite news |last=Rawnsley |first=Andrew |title=A golden age, and other things they wish they'd never said |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/oct/19/gordonbrown-davidcameron-economic-policy |access-date=February 14, 2013 |newspaper=The Observer |date=October 19, 2008 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207022026/http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/oct/19/gordonbrown-davidcameron-economic-policy |archive-date=February 7, 2009}}</ref>

Reactions of governments in all developed and developing countries against the economic slowdown were largely inspired by [[keynesian economics]]. The end of the decade was characterized by a [[2008–2009 Keynesian resurgence|Keynesian resurgence]],<ref>[[ABC (Spain)|ABC Noticias]] [http://www.abc.es/hemeroteca/historico-22-02-2009/abc/Economia/la-fascinacion-del-keynesianismo-esperemos-que-sin-resaca_913291632123.html La fascinación del keynesianismo, esperemos que sin resaca] February 22, 2009 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402234911/http://www.abc.es/hemeroteca/historico-22-02-2009/abc/Economia/la-fascinacion-del-keynesianismo-esperemos-que-sin-resaca_913291632123.html|date=April 2, 2012 }}</ref> while the influence and media popularity of left-wing economists<ref>[[El País]], [http://www.elpais.com/articulo/economia/Stiglitz/Krugman/reclaman/globalizacion/gobernada/reducir/desigualdades/elpepieco/20040925elpepieco_12/Tes Stiglitz y Krugman reclaman una globalización 'gobernada' para reducir las desigualdades] September 25, 2004</ref> [[Joseph Stiglitz]] and [[Paul Krugman]] (Nobel Prize recipients in 2001 and 2008, respectively) did not stop growing during the decade.<ref>[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] [http://www.elmundo.es/mundodinero/2004/06/23/Noti20040623115744.html Paul Krugman, un polémico economista que marca tendencia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605213014/http://www.elmundo.es/mundodinero/2004/06/23/Noti20040623115744.html|date=June 5, 2013 }}</ref> Several international summits were organized to find solutions against the economic crisis and to impose greater control on the financial markets. The [[G20]] became in 2008 and 2009 a major organization, as leaders of the member countries held two major summits in [[2008 G20 Washington summit|Washington in November 2008]] and in [[2009 G20 London Summit|London in April 2009]] to regulate the banking and financial sectors,<ref>[[La Vanguardia]] [http://www.lavanguardia.es/premium/publica/publica?COMPID=53791830695&ID_PAGINA=22088&ID_FORMATO=9 El G-20 acuerda erigirse en el árbitro de la economía internacional] September 25, 2009 {{dead link|date=July 2011}}</ref> and also succeeding in coordinating their economic action and in avoiding protectionist reactions.

=== Energy crisis ===
{{Main|2000s energy crisis}}
[[File:US oil price in dollars from 1999 to 2008-10-17.svg|thumb|[[World oil market chronology from 2003|Increase in oil prices]]]]
[[File:May2008gasolineCA.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing|Gas prices]] in late May 2008]]

From the mid-1980s to September 2003, the inflation-adjusted price of a barrel of crude oil on NYMEX was generally under $25/barrel. During 2003, the price rose above $30, reached $60 by August 11, 2005, and peaked at $147.30 in July 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tfc-charts.com/chart/QM/W |title=Weekly Commodity Futures Price Chart: Crude Oil EmiNY |publisher=TFC-charts.com |access-date=February 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502013508/http://tfc-charts.com/chart/QM/W |archive-date=May 2, 2014}}</ref> Commentators attributed these price increases to many factors, including reports from the United States Department of Energy and others showing a decline in petroleum reserves, worries over [[peak oil]], Middle East tension, and oil price speculation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/0,1518,556519,00.html |first=Moira |last=Herbst |title=Speculation – But Not Manipulation |work=Der Spiegel |date=May 30, 2008 |access-date=February 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518065027/http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/0%2C1518%2C556519%2C00.html |archive-date=May 18, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

For a time, geopolitical events and natural disasters indirectly related to the global oil market had strong short-term effects on oil prices. These events and disasters included [[North Korea]]n missile tests, the 2006 conflict between Israel and Lebanon, worries over [[Iran]]ian nuclear plants in 2006 and [[Hurricane Katrina]]. By 2008, such pressures appeared to have an insignificant impact on oil prices given the onset of the global recession. The recession caused demand for energy to shrink in late 2008 and early 2009 and the price plunged as well. However, it surged back in May 2009, bringing it back to November 2008 levels.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/Oil-prices-jump-to-new-high-apf-15149868.html?.v=10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509193321/http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Oil-prices-jump-to-new-high-apf-15149868.html?.v=10 |url-status=dead |title=Yahoo Finance |archive-date=May 9, 2009}}</ref>

Many fast-growing economies throughout the world, especially in Asia, also were a major factor in the rapidly increasing demand for [[fossil fuel]]s, which—along with fewer new petroleum finds, greater extraction costs, and political turmoil—forced two other trends: a soar in the [[Price of oil|price of petroleum]] products and a push by governments and businesses to promote the development of [[Environmental technology|environmentally friendly technology]] (known informally as "green" technology). However, a side-effect of the push by some industrial nations to "go green" and utilize [[biofuel]]s was a decrease in the supply of food and a subsequent increase in the price of the same. It partially caused the [[2007–2008 world food price crisis|2007 food price crisis]], which seriously affected the world's poorer nations with an even more severe shortage of food.<ref>Global Policy [http://www.globalpolicy.org/socecon/hunger/general/2008/0303foodcrisis.htm Global Policy Forum, Are We Approaching a Global Food Crisis?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422035616/http://www.globalpolicy.org/socecon/hunger/general/2008/0303foodcrisis.htm|date=April 22, 2009 }}</ref>

=== The rise of the euro ===
{{See also|Euro|Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union}}
[[File:Euro banknotes 2002.png|thumb|left|The euro became the currency of members of the [[Eurozone]].]]
A common currency for most EU member states, the [[euro]], was established electronically in 1999, officially tying all the currencies of each participating nation to each other. The new currency was put into circulation in 2002 and the old currencies were phased out. Only three countries of the then 15 member states decided not to join the euro (the United Kingdom, Denmark and Sweden). In 2004 the EU undertook a major eastward enlargement, admitting 10 new member states (eight of which were former communist states). Two more, Bulgaria and [[Romania]], joined in 2007, establishing a union of 27 nations.

The euro has since become the second largest [[reserve currency]] and the second most traded currency in the world after the US$.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bis.org/publ/rpfxf07t.pdf |title=Triennial Central Bank Survey 2007&nbsp;– BIS&nbsp;– December 2007 |publisher=BIS |date=December 19, 2007 |access-date=July 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825004633/http://www.bis.org/publ/rpfxf07t.pdf |archive-date=August 25, 2013}}</ref>
{{As of|2009|10}}, with more than €790&nbsp;billion in circulation, the euro was the currency with the highest combined value of banknotes and coins in [[circulation (currency)|circulation]] in the world, having surpassed the US$.<ref group="note">{{As of|2009|10|30|df=US}}:<br />
Total EUR currency (coins and banknotes) in circulation 771.5 (banknotes) + 21.032 (coins) =792.53&nbsp;billion EUR *1.48 (exchange rate) = 1,080&nbsp;billion USD <br />
Total USD currency (coins and banknotes) in circulation 859&nbsp;billion USD
* {{cite web |url=https://stats.ecb.europa.eu/stats/download/bkn_notes_val/bkn_notes_val/bkn_notes_val.pdf |title=Table 2: Euro banknotes, values (EUR billions, unless otherwise indicated, not seasonally adjusted) |access-date=December 13, 2009 |publisher=[[European Central Bank|ECB]] |quote=2009, October: Total banknotes: 771.5 (billion EUR) |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5njSKhMeM?url=https://stats.ecb.europa.eu/stats/download/bkn_notes_val/bkn_notes_val/bkn_notes_val.pdf |archive-date=February 22, 2010 |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web |url=https://stats.ecb.europa.eu/stats/download/bkn_coins_val/bkn_coins_val/bkn_coins_val.pdf |title=Table 4: Euro coins, values (EUR millions, unless otherwise indicated, not seasonally adjusted) |access-date=December 13, 2009 |publisher=[[European Central Bank|ECB]] |quote=2009, October: Total coins: 21,032 (million EUR) |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5njSKi43Q?url=https://stats.ecb.europa.eu/stats/download/bkn_coins_val/bkn_coins_val/bkn_coins_val.pdf |archive-date=February 22, 2010 |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web |url=http://federalreserve.gov/releases/h6/current/h6.htm |title=Money Stock Measures |access-date=December 13, 2009 |work=Federal Reserve Statistical Release |publisher=Board of Governors of the [[Federal Reserve System]] |quote=Table 5: Not Seasonally Adjusted Components of M1 (Billions of dollars), not seasonally adjusted, October 2009: Currency: 859.3 (billion USD) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091209203956/http://federalreserve.gov/releases/h6/Current/h6.htm |archive-date=December 9, 2009}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-hist-90d.xml |title=Euro foreign exchange reference rates |access-date=December 13, 2009 |publisher=[[European Central Bank|ECB]] |quote=Exchange rate October 30, 2009: 1 EUR = 1.48 USD |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325101851/http://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-hist-90d.xml |archive-date=March 25, 2014}}</ref>

== Science and technology ==
{{Main|2000s in science and technology}}

=== Science ===
==== Scientific Marks by Field ====
===== Archaeology =====
* 2003 – Fossils of a new dwarf species of human, ''[[Homo floresiensis]]'', were discovered on the island of [[Flores]], [[Indonesia]]. (report published initially October 2004).
* 2009 – Discovery of ''[[Ardipithecus ramidus]]''' a species of [[Hominin]] classified as an [[australopithecine]] of the genus ''[[Ardipithecus]]''. ''[[Ardipithecus kadabba|A. kadabba]]'' was considered to be a subspecies of ''A. ramidus'' until 2004.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Haile-Selassie |first1=Yohannes |last2=Suwa |first2=Gen |last3=White |first3=Tim D. |title=Late Miocene Teeth from Middle Awash, Ethiopia, and Early Hominid Dental Evolution |journal=Science |date=5 March 2004 |volume=303 |issue=5663 |pages=1503–1505 |doi=10.1126/science.1092978 |pmid=15001775 |bibcode=2004Sci...303.1503H |s2cid=30387762}}</ref>

===== Biology =====
* 2001 – The world's first self-contained [[artificial heart]] was implanted in [[Robert Tools]].
* 2002 – The [[2002–2004 SARS outbreak]] occurred in China and Hong Kong.
* 2003 – The [[Human Genome Project]] was completed, with a 92% accuracy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-04-11 |title=First complete sequence of a human genome |url=https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/first-complete-sequence-human-genome |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=National Institutes of Health (NIH) |language=EN}}</ref>
* 2005 – [[National Geographic Society]] and [[IBM]] established [[The Genographic Project]], which aims to trace the ancestry of every living human down to a single male ancestor.
* 2005 – Surgeons in France carried out the first successful partial human [[face transplant]].
* 2005 – Equipped with genome data and field observations of organisms from microbes to mammals, biologists made huge strides toward understanding the mechanisms by which living creatures [[Evolution|evolve]].
* 2006 – Australian scientist [[Ian Frazer]] developed a [[vaccine]] for the [[Human Papillomavirus]], a common cause of [[cervical cancer]].
* 2007 – [[RNA interference|RNA]], long upstaged by its more glamorous sibling, DNA, is turning out to have star qualities of its own. Science hails these electrifying discoveries, which are prompting biologists to overhaul their vision of the cell and its evolution.
* 2008 – By inserting genes that turn back a [[Cellular reprogramming|cell's developmental clock]], researchers are gaining insights into disease and the biology of how a cell decides its fate.
* 2008 – Launch of the [[1000 Genomes Project]] an international research effort to establish by far the most detailed catalogue of [[human genetic variation]].
* 2009 – Launch of the [[Human Connectome Project]] to build a [[connectome|network map]] that will shed light on the anatomical and functional connectivity within the healthy [[human brain]], as well as to produce a body of data that will facilitate research into [[brain disorder]]s.
* 2009 – A new strain of [[H1N1]] virus first detected in [[Mexico]] spread to the world, resulting in the [[2009 swine flu pandemic]].
* 2022 – Scientists successfully sequenced the last 8% of the human genome. The fully sequenced standard reference gene is called GRCh38.p14, and it contains 3.1 billion base pairs.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hartley |first=Gabrielle |date=2022-03-31 |title=The Human Genome Project pieced together only 92% of the DNA – now scientists have finally filled in the remaining 8% |url=https://theconversation.com/the-human-genome-project-pieced-together-only-92-of-the-dna-now-scientists-have-finally-filled-in-the-remaining-8-176138 |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=The Conversation |language=en-US}}</ref>

===== Mathematics =====
* 2006 – [[Grigori Perelman]] is a Russian [[mathematician]] who has made landmark contributions to [[Riemannian geometry]] and [[geometric topology]]. In 2003, he proved [[geometrization conjecture|Thurston's geometrization conjecture]]. This consequently solved in the affirmative the [[Poincaré conjecture]], posed in 1904, which before its solution was viewed as one of the most important and difficult open problems in [[topology]]. In August 2006, Perelman was awarded the [[Fields Medal]]<ref>{{cite web |work=International Mathematical Union (IMU) – Prizes |title=Fields Medals 2006 |url=http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2006/ |access-date=April 30, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617222042/http://www.mathunion.org/General/Prizes/2006/ |archive-date=June 17, 2013}}</ref> for "his contributions to geometry and his revolutionary insights into the analytical and geometric structure of the [[Ricci flow]]." Perelman declined to accept the award or to appear at the [[International Congress of Mathematicians|congress]], stating: "I'm not interested in money or fame, I don't want to be on display like an animal in a zoo."<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8585407.stm Russian maths genius Perelman urged to take $1m prize] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817211802/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8585407.stm |date=August 17, 2017 }} bbc.co.uk, Wednesday, March 24, 2010.</ref> On December 22, 2006, the journal ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'' recognized Perelman's proof of the Poincaré conjecture as the scientific "[[Breakthrough of the Year]]", the first such recognition in the area of mathematics.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mackenzie |first1=Dana |title=The Poincaré Conjecture--Proved |journal=Science |date=22 December 2006 |volume=314 |issue=5807 |pages=1848–1849 |doi=10.1126/science.314.5807.1848 |pmid=17185565 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The Poincaré conjecture is one of the seven [[Millennium Problems]] and the first to be solved.

===== Physics =====
* 2001 – Scientists assembled molecules into basic [[Molecular circuit|circuits]], raising hopes for a new world of [[nanoelectronics]]. If researchers can wire these circuits into intricate computer chip architectures, this new generation of molecular electronics will undoubtedly provide computing power to launch scientific breakthroughs for decades.
* 2008 – [[CERN]]'s [[Large Hadron Collider]], the [[List of accelerators in particle physics#Hadron colliders|world's largest and highest-energy]] [[particle accelerator]] ever made, was completed in 2008.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/space/11/13/water.moon.nasa/index.html |work=CNN |title=NASA finds 'significant' water on moon |access-date=April 21, 2010 |date=November 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406133228/http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/space/11/13/water.moon.nasa/index.html |archive-date=April 6, 2010}}</ref>

===== Space =====
[[File:Opportunity in Endurance Crater (cropped).jpg|thumb|Artist Concept of the [[NASA]] [[Mars Exploration Rover]] ''[[Opportunity (rover)|Opportunity]]'' on [[Mars]]]]
[[File:Water Around Fresh Moon Crater.jpg|thumb|These images show water in a very young lunar crater on the side of the Moon that faces away from Earth.]]
* 2000 – Beginning on November 2, 2000, the [[International Space Station]] has remained continuously inhabited. The [[Space Shuttle program|Space Shuttles]] helped make it the largest [[space station]] in history, despite one of the Shuttles [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|disintegrating upon re-entry]] in 2003. By the end of 2009 the station was supporting [[Expedition 22|5 long-duration crew members]].
* 2001 – [[Space tourism]]/[[Private spaceflight]] begins with American [[Dennis Tito]], paying Russia US$20 million for a week-long stay to the [[International Space Station]].
* 2004 – The [[Mars Exploration Rover]] (MER) Mission successfully reached the surface of [[Mars]] in 2004, and sent detailed data and images of the landscape there back to Earth. ''[[Opportunity (rover)|Opportunity]]'' discovers evidence that an area of [[Mars]] was once covered in water. Both rovers were each expected to last only 90 days, however both completely exceeded expectations and continued to explore through the end of the decade and beyond.
* 2004 – [[Scaled Composites]]' [[SpaceShipOne]] becomes the first privately built and operated [[human spaceflight|crewed spacecraft]] to achieve [[spaceflight]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.space.com/16769-spaceshipone-first-private-spacecraft.html |title=SpaceShipOne: The First Private Spacecraft – The Most Amazing Flying Machines Ever |last=Sharp |first=Tim |publisher=Space.com |date=July 26, 2012 |access-date=July 18, 2014 |archive-date=November 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115053931/http://www.space.com/16769-spaceshipone-first-private-spacecraft.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2004 – ''[[Cassini-Huygens]]'' becomes the first space probe to orbit [[Saturn]], with ''Huygens'' landing on the moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]] in 2005.
* 2004 – The [[astrophysicist]] and [[radio astronomer]] [[Naomi McClure-Griffiths]] identifies a new [[spiral arm]] of the [[Milky Way]] galaxy<ref>{{Cite web |title=Milky Way spiral gets an extra arm |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4959-milky-way-spiral-gets-an-extra-arm/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=New Scientist |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 2006 – As a result of the discovery of [[Eris (dwarf planet)|Eris]], a [[Kuiper Belt]] object larger than [[Pluto]], Pluto is demoted to a "[[dwarf planet]]" after being considered a planet for 76 years, redefining the [[Solar System]] to have eight planets and three dwarf planets.
* 2009 – After having analyzed the data from the [[LCROSS]] lunar impact, in 2009 [[NASA]] announced that the discovery of a "significant" quantity of [[Lunar water|water]] in the [[Moon]]'s [[Cabeus (crater)|Cabeus]] crater.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/nov/HQ_09-265_LCROSS_Confirms_Water.html |title=NASA's LCROSS Impacts Confirm Water in Lunar Crater |publisher=NASA |date=November 13, 2009 |access-date=November 21, 2009 |quote=Preliminary data from NASA's Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, or LCROSS, indicates the mission successfully uncovered water in a permanently shadowed lunar crater. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115180658/http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/nov/HQ_09-265_LCROSS_Confirms_Water.html |archive-date=November 15, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/space/11/13/water.moon.nasa/index.html |work=CNN |title=NASA finds 'significant' water on moon |date=November 13, 2009 |access-date=November 21, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091116064753/http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/space/11/13/water.moon.nasa/index.html |archive-date=November 16, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2009 – [[Physical cosmology|Astrophysicists]] studying the [[universe]] confirm [[Age of the universe|its age]] at 13.7 billion years,<ref>{{cite web |author=WMAP mission |title=The Age of the Universe with New Accuracy |url=http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_mm/mr_age.html |date=March 16, 2006 |publisher=NASA |access-date=November 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224025934/http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_mm/mr_age.html |archive-date=February 24, 2013}}</ref> discover that it will most likely [[cosmic inflation|expand]] forever without limit, and conclude that only 4% of the universe's contents are ordinary [[matter]] (the other 96% being still-mysterious [[dark matter]], [[dark energy]], and [[dark flow]]).

=== Technology ===
==== Automobiles ====
* [[Automotive navigation system]]s become widely popular making it possible to direct vehicles to any destination in real-time as well as detect traffic and suggest alternate routes with the use of [[GPS navigation device]]s.
* Greater interest in [[future energy development]] due to [[global warming]] and the potential exhaustion of [[crude oil]]. [[Photovoltaic]]s increase in popularity as a result.
* The [[Hybrid vehicle]]s market, which became somewhat popular towards the middle of the decade, underwent major advances notably typified by such cars as the [[Toyota Prius]], [[Ford Escape]], and the [[Honda Insight]] though by December 2010 they accounted for less than 0.5% of the world cars.
* Many more computers and other technologies were implemented in vehicles throughout the decade such as: [[Xenon HID headlamp|Xenon HID headlights]], [[GPS]], [[DVD player]]s, self-diagnosing systems, memory systems for car settings, back-up sensors and cameras, in-car media systems, MP3 player compatibility, [[USB]] drive compatibility, [[Remote keyless system|keyless start and entry]], [[satellite radio]], [[Voice command device|voice-activation]], cellphone connectivity, [[Head-Up Display|HUD]] (Head-Up-Display) and [[infrared camera]]s. In addition, more safety features were implemented in vehicles throughout the decade such as: [[Precrash system|advanced pre-collision safety systems]], [[Backup camera]]s, [[Blind spot monitor]], [[Adaptive cruise control]], [[Adaptive headlamp]]s, [[Automatic parking]], [[Lane departure warning system]]s and the [[Advanced Automatic Collision Notification]] system [[Onstar]] (on all GM models).
* The sale of [[Crossover (automobile)|Crossovers]] (CUVs), a type of car-based [[Vehicle frame#Unibody|unibody]] [[sports utility vehicle]], increased in the 2000s.<ref name="cnn1">{{cite news |title=GM and Ford's New Cross to Bear |work=CNN Money |first=Chris |last=Isidore |date=January 9, 2006 |url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/01/09/Autos/detroit_crossovers/index.htm |access-date=July 27, 2015 |archive-date=March 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024805/http://money.cnn.com/2006/01/09/Autos/detroit_crossovers/index.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> By 2006, the segment came into strong visibility in the U.S., when crossover sales "made up more than 50% of the overall SUV market".<ref>{{cite news |title=Crossover vehicles pass up SUVs on road to growing sales |newspaper=USA Today |date=May 3, 2006 |first=Sharon Silke |last=Carty |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/autos/2006-05-03-crossover-usat_x.htm |access-date=July 27, 2015 |archive-date=March 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316230333/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/autos/2006-05-03-crossover-usat_x.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> <gallery widths="190px" perrow="5">
File:Mapas Digitales 2 (cropped).jpg|[[GPS]] devices for automobiles gained massive popularity during the decade
File:Collision Warning Brake Support.jpg|[[Precrash system|Collision Warning with Brake Support]] on the 2009 [[Lincoln MKS]]
</gallery>

==== Communications ====
[[File:Texting.jpg|thumb|The popularity of mobile phones and [[text messaging]] surged in the 2000s in the Western world.]]
* The popularity of mobile phones and [[text messaging]] surged in the 2000s in the Western world. The advent of text messaging made possible new forms of interaction that were not possible before, leading to positive implications such as having the ability to receive information on the move. Nevertheless, it also led to negative social implications such as "[[cyberbullying]]" and the rise of traffic collisions caused by drivers who were distracted as they were [[texting while driving]].
* [[Mobile internet]], first launched in Japan with the [[i-mode]] in 1999, became increasingly popular with people in developed countries throughout the decade, thanks to improving cell phone capabilities and advances in mobile telecommunications technology, such as [[GPRS]] and [[3G]].
* E-mail continued to be popular throughout the decade. It began to replace "[[snail mail]]" (also known, more neutrally, as '''paper mail''', '''postal mail''', '''land mail''', or simply '''mail''' or '''post''') as the primary way of sending letters and other messages to people in faraway locations, though it has been available since 1971.
* [[Social networking site]]s arose as a new way for people to stay in touch no matter where they are, as long as they have an [[internet connection]]. The earliest social networking sites were [[Friendster]], [[Myspace]], [[Facebook]], and [[Twitter]] in 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2006, respectively. Myspace was the most popular social networking website until June 2009 when Facebook overtook Myspace in the number of American users.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/former-myspace-ceo-reveals-what-facebook-did-right-to-dominate-social-media/ |title=Former MySpace CEO explains why MySpace lost out to Facebook so badly |first=Marc |last=Schenker |publisher=Digital Trends |date=May 12, 2015 |access-date=December 21, 2017 |archive-date=December 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051826/https://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/former-myspace-ceo-reveals-what-facebook-did-right-to-dominate-social-media/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Smartphone]]s, which combine mobile phones with the features of [[personal digital assistant]]s and [[portable media player]]s, first emerged in the 1990s but did not become popular until the late 2000s. Smartphones are rich in features and often have high resolution [[touchscreen]]s and [[web browser]]s. The first modern smartphone was the [[iPhone (1st generation)|iPhone 2G]], one of the earliest smartphones to not include a physical keyboard, solely utilizing a touch screen and a home button, which would later become standard across the industry. It was released in June 2007 in the [[United States]], and in November 2007 in a number of territories in Western Europe.
* Due to the major success of broadband Internet connections, [[Voice over IP|VoIP]] starts to gain popularity as a replacement for [[Plain old telephone service|traditional telephone]] lines. VoIP was largely popularized by [[Skype]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-28 |title=End nears for internet calling pioneer Skype as Microsoft plans shutdown |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2025/02/28/microsoft-skype/ |website=The Washington Post}}</ref>

==== Computing and Internet ====
In the 2000s, the Internet became a mainstay, strengthening its grip on Western society while becoming increasingly available in the developing world. The share of the world population using the internet grew from 6.7% to 25.7%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Share of the population using the Internet |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-individuals-using-the-internet |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Our World in Data |archive-date=January 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109203722/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-individuals-using-the-internet |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Main|Timeline of computing 2000–2009}}
[[File:Google 2011 logo.png|thumb|[[Google Search|Google]] becomes the Internet's most visited website.]]
* A huge jump in [[Broadband internet access|broadband internet usage]] globally – for example, from 6% of U.S. internet users in June 2000<ref>{{cite web |author=Bethea, Neil |first2=Jacob |last2=Williams |first3=Yiwen |last3=Yu |name-list-style=amp |title=Broadband services in the United States |quote=Growth of Broadband Users:June 2000:total:4,367,434 |publisher=Ohio State University |date=June 2003 |page=9 |url=http://www.nrri.ohio-state.edu/dspace/bitstream/2068/814/3/Article+1-Bethea+_Broadband_.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904211822/http://www.nrri.ohio-state.edu/dspace/bitstream/2068/814/3/Article%2B1-Bethea%2B_Broadband_.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2006 |access-date=November 30, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> to what one mid-decade study predicted would be 62% by 2010.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sharma |first=Dinesh |title=Study: Broadband penetration to surge by 2010 |date=August 2, 2005 |publisher=CNET News.com |url=http://news.cnet.com/Study+Broadband+penetration+to+surge+by+2010/2100-1034_3-5815756.html |access-date=November 30, 2011 |archive-date=July 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714125210/http://news.cnet.com/Study%2BBroadband%2Bpenetration%2Bto%2Bsurge%2Bby%2B2010/2100-1034_3-5815756.html |url-status=live}}</ref> By February 2007, over 80% of U.S. Internet users were connected via broadband and broadband internet has been almost a required standard for quality internet browsing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.websiteoptimization.com/bw/0703/ |title=US Broadband Penetration Breaks 80% Among Active Internet Users |publisher=WebSiteOptimization.com |date=May 2007 |access-date=November 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030184150/http://www.websiteoptimization.com/bw/0703/ |archive-date=October 30, 2013}}</ref>
* [[Wireless internet]] became prominent by the end of the decade, as well as internet access in devices besides computers, such as mobile phones and gaming consoles.
* Email became a standard form of interpersonal written communication, with popular addresses available to the public on [[Outlook.com|Hotmail (now Outlook.com)]], [[Gmail]] and [[Yahoo! Mail]].
* [[Text normalization|Normalisation]] became increasingly important as massive standardized [[corpus linguistics|corpora]] and [[lexicon]]s of spoken and written language became widely available to [[Layman|laypeople]], just as documents from the paperless office were archived and retrieved with increasing efficiency using [[XML]]-based markup.
* [[Peer-to-peer]] technology gained massive popularity with [[file sharing]] systems enabling users to share any audio, video and data files or anything in digital format, as well as with applications which share real-time data, such as [[Voice over IP|telephony]] traffic.
* [[Virtual private network|VPNs]] (virtual private networks) became likewise accessible to the general public, and data encryption remained a major issue for the stability of web commerce.
* Boom in music downloading and the use of [[data compression]] to quickly transfer music over the Internet, with a corresponding rise of portable digital audio players. As a result, the [[entertainment industry]] struggled through the decade to find digital delivery systems for music, movies, and other media that reduce [[copyright infringement]] and preserve profit.
* The [[USB flash drive]] replaces the [[floppy disk]] as the preferred form of low-capacity mobile data storage.
* In February 2003, [[Dell]] announced floppy drives would no longer be pre-installed on [[Dell Dimension]] home computers, although they were still available as a selectable option and purchasable as an aftermarket [[Original Equipment Manufacturer|OEM]] add-on.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2905953.stm |title=R.I.P. Floppy Disk |work=BBC News |date=April 1, 2003 |access-date=July 19, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216235741/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2905953.stm |archive-date=February 16, 2009}}</ref> On January 29, 2007, [[PC World (retailer)|PC World]] stated that only 2% of the computers they sold contained built-in [[floppy disk]] drives; once present stocks were exhausted, no more standard floppies would be sold.<ref name="PCW">{{cite news |last=Derbyshire |first=David |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/01/30/nfloppy30.xml |title=Floppy disks ejected as demand slumps |newspaper=Daily Telegraph |date=January 30, 2007 |access-date=July 19, 2011 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420083540/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F01%2F30%2Fnfloppy30.xml |archive-date=April 20, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* During the decade, [[Windows 2000]], [[Windows XP|XP]], [[Microsoft Office 2003]], [[Windows Vista|Vista]]{{dubious|reason=Vista was never widely adopted with the majority of Windows users choosing to stick with XP.|date=February 2015}} and [[Microsoft Office 2007|Office 2007]] (and later [[Windows 7]]{{dubious|reason=Windows 7 only became available in the last 3 months of the decade as a result, it did not become widely adopted until the 2010s.|date=February 2015}}) become the ubiquitous industry standards{{dubious|reason=These proprietary products were widely adopted (except Vista) but no "industry standard" was ever formalised or published.|date=February 2015}} in personal computer software until the end of the decade, when Apple began to slowly gain market share. [[Windows ME]] and [[Microsoft Office XP]] were also released during the decade.
* With the advent of the [[Web 2.0]], dynamic technology became widely accessible, and by the mid-2000s, [[PHP]] and [[MySQL]] became (with [[Apache HTTP Server|Apache]] and [[nginx]]) the backbone of many sites, making programming knowledge unnecessary to publish to the web. Blogs, [[web portal|portals]], and [[wiki]]s become common electronic dissemination methods for professionals, amateurs, and businesses to conduct [[knowledge management]] typified by success of the online encyclopedia Wikipedia which launched on January 15, 2001, grew rapidly and became the largest and most popular general reference work on the Internet<ref name="Woodson">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUSN0819429120070708 |title=Wikipedia remains go-to site for online news |date=July 8, 2007 |first=Alex |last=Woodson |work=Reuters |access-date=December 16, 2007 |quote=Online encyclopedia Wikipedia has added about 20 million unique monthly visitors in the past year, making it the top online news and information destination, according to Nielsen&#x2F;/NetRatings. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071121104746/https://www.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUSN0819429120070708 |archive-date=November 21, 2007}}</ref><ref name="AlexaTop500">{{cite web |url=http://www.alexa.com/site/ds/top_sites?ts_mode=global&lang=none |title=Top 500 |publisher=[[Alexa Internet|Alexa]] |access-date=October 13, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302215553/http://www.alexa.com//site//ds//top_sites?ts_mode=global&lang=none |archive-date=March 2, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> as well as the best known [[wiki]] in the world and the largest encyclopedia in the world.
* [[Open-source software]], such as the [[Linux]] operating system, the [[Firefox|Mozilla Firefox]] web browser and [[VLC media player]], gain ground.
* [[e-commerce|Internet commerce]] became standard for reservations; stock trading; promotion of music, arts, literature, and film; shopping; and other activities.
* During this decade certain websites and search engines became prominent worldwide as transmitters of goods, services and information. Some of the most popular and successful online sites or search engines of the 2000s included [[Google]], [[Yahoo!]], Wikipedia, [[Amazon.com|Amazon]], [[eBay]], MySpace, Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube.
* More and more businesses began providing [[paperless office|paperless]] services, clients accessing bills and bank statements directly through a [[web interface]].
* In 2007, the fast food chain [[McDonald's]] announced the introduction of free high speed wireless internet access at most of its 1,200 restaurants by the end of the year in a move which will make it the UK's biggest provider of such a service.<ref>{{cite news |last=Smithers |first=Rebecca |title=McDonald's to offer free Wi-Fi in restaurants |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2007/oct/06/internet |access-date=February 26, 2013 |location=London |date=October 5, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122210426/http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2007/oct/06/internet |archive-date=January 22, 2013}}</ref>

==== Popular websites ====
[[Google]], [[YouTube]], [[Ask.com]] and [[Wikipedia]] emerged as popular websites, becoming the 2nd, 3rd, 7th and 9th most popular websites by the end of the decade respectively. [[Amazon (website)|Amazon]] overtook [[eBay]] as the most-visited e-commerce site in 2008. [[AOL]] significantly declined in popularity throughout the decade, falling from being the most popular website to no longer being within the top 10. [[Excite (web portal)|Excite]] and [[Lycos]] fell outside the top 10, and [[MSN]] fell from the second to sixth most popular site, though it quadrupled its monthly visits (going from 325 to 1.2 billion monthly visits). [[Lycos|Yahoo!]] maintained relatively stable popularity, remaining the most popular website for most of the decade.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eagle |first=James |date=2022-09-09 |title=Animation: The Most Popular Websites by Web Traffic (1993–2022) |url=https://www.visualcapitalist.com/cp/most-popular-websites-by-web-traffic/ |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Visual Capitalist |language=en-US |archive-date=January 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109190557/https://www.visualcapitalist.com/cp/most-popular-websites-by-web-traffic/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Walkman NWZ-810 & iPod Nano 5G.jpg|thumb|The rise of [[Portable media player|MP3 players]], [[download]]able music, and cellular [[ringtone]]s in the mid-2000s ended the decade-long dominance that the [[Compact disc|CD]] held up to that point.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lynskey |first=Dorian |date=2015-05-28 |title=How the compact disc lost its shine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/may/28/how-the-compact-disc-lost-its-shine |access-date=2024-02-05 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=July 31, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731041216/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/may/28/how-the-compact-disc-lost-its-shine |url-status=live}}</ref>]]

==== Electronics ====
* [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] (Global Positioning System) became very popular especially in the tracking of items or people, and the use in cars (see [[Automotive navigation system]]s). Games that utilized the system, such as [[geocaching]], emerged and became popular.
* Green [[laser pointer]]s<ref>[http://www.repairfaq.org/sam/laserpic/glpdpics.htm Sam's Laser FAQ: Dissection of Green Laser Pointer]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522190301/http://www.repairfaq.org/sam/laserpic/glpdpics.htm|date=May 22, 2013 }}</ref> appeared on the market circa 2000, and are the most common type of DPSS lasers (also called DPSSFD for "diode pumped solid state frequency-doubled").

In late 2004 and early 2005, came a significant increase in reported incidents linked to [[laser pointer]]s – see [[Lasers and aviation safety]]. The wave of incidents may have been triggered in part by "copycats" who read press accounts of laser pointer incidents. In one case, David Banach of New Jersey was charged under federal [[Patriot Act]] anti-terrorism laws, after he allegedly shone a laser pointer at aircraft.<ref>{{cite news |last=Levin |first=Alan |url=https://www.usatoday.com/travel/news/2005-01-04-laser-aircraft_x.htm |title=N.J. man charged with aiming laser at aircraft |work=USA Today |date=January 5, 2005 |access-date=February 17, 2013 |archive-date=April 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406095716/http://www.usatoday.com/travel/news/2005-01-04-laser-aircraft_x.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Chip and PIN]] is the brand name adopted by the banking industries in the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Ireland]] for the rollout of the EMV smart card payment system for credit, debit and [[Automated teller machine|ATM]] cards.

Chip and PIN was trialled in [[Northampton]], [[England]] from May 2003, and as a result was rolled out nationwide in the United Kingdom in 2004 with advertisements in the press and national television touting the "Safety in Numbers" slogan.
* In 2009, [[Tesco]] (a British multinational grocery and general merchandise retailer) opened its first UK branch at which service robots were the only option at the checkout, in Kingsley, [[Northampton]] – its US chain, [[Fresh & Easy]], already operates several branches like this.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hancox |first=Dan |title=How Britain became a self-service nation |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/how-britain-became-a-selfservice-nation-2241830.html |newspaper=Independent |access-date=February 22, 2013 |location=London |date=March 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828144034/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/how-britain-became-a-selfservice-nation-2241830.html |archive-date=August 28, 2013}}</ref>
* September 7, 2009, an EU watchdog warns of an "alarming increase" in cash machine fraud by organised criminal gangs across Europe using sophisticated skimming technology, together with an explosion in ram-raiding attacks on [[Automated teller machine|ATMs]].

ATM crime in Europe jumped to €485m (£423m) in 2008 following a 149% rise in attacks on cash machines. Gangs are turning to [[Bluetooth]] wireless technology to transmit card and [[personal identification number]] (PIN) details to nearby [[laptops]] and using increasingly sophisticated techniques to skim cards.

Portable laptops became popular during the late 2000s.

More conventional smash-and-grab attacks are also on the rise, says Enisa, the [[European Network and Information Security Agency]]. It reports a 32% rise in physical robberies on ATMs, ranging from ram raids to the use of rotary saws, blowtorches and diamond drills. It blames the increase on criminal gangs from eastern Europe.<ref>{{cite news |last=Collinson |first=Patrick |title=Huge rise in cash-machine crime, watchdog warns |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/sep/07/cash-machine-crime-increase-fraud |access-date=February 24, 2013 |location=London |date=September 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206184803/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/sep/07/cash-machine-crime-increase-fraud |archive-date=February 6, 2011}}</ref>

<gallery widths="190px" perrow="5">
File:Ipod 5th Generation white bijgewerkt.jpg|Digital audio players, especially the [[iPod]], gained massive popularity during the decade
File:T-DSL Modem - original photo.jpg|A [[DSL]] modem from the 2000s. During the decade broadband Internet connection gained massive popularity around the world and gradually replaced internet connection via telephone lines.
File:IFA 2005 Panasonic Blu-ray Disc Single Layer 25GB BD-RE (LM-BRM25) (Cartridge) (by HDTVTotalDOTcom) v2.jpg|During the decade the [[Blu-ray]] format became dominant successor of to the [[DVD]] format
File:MacBook Air.jpg|The [[MacBook Air]] also saw popularity in the late 2000s
</gallery>

==== Robotics ====
[[File:Laproscopic Surgery Robot.jpg|The [[Da Vinci Surgical System|Da Vinci surgical robot]] which enables doing accurate robotic surgeries was introduced in the 2000s|thumb|140px]]
* The [[U.S. Army]] used increasingly effective [[unmanned aerial vehicles]] in war zones, such as [[Afghanistan]].
* Emerging use of [[robotics]], especially [[telerobotics]] in medicine, particularly for [[Robotic surgery|surgery]].
* [[Home automation]] and home robotics advance in North America; [[iRobot]]'s "[[Roomba]]" is the most successful domestic robot and has sold 1.5 million units.

==== Transportation ====
[[File:Segway PT (2006)-02.jpg|The [[Segway]] was unveiled in December 2001|thumb|120px]]
* [[Competition between Airbus and Boeing]], the two largest remaining airliner manufacturers, intensified, with pan-European [[Airbus]] outselling American [[Boeing]] for the first time during this decade.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/10/22/how-airbus-achieved-the-miracle-of---------keeping-a-european-pr/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/10/22/how-airbus-achieved-the-miracle-of---------keeping-a-european-pr/ |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=How Airbus achieved the miracle of keeping a European project flying |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=October 22, 2016 |access-date=November 28, 2016 |first=Alan |last=Tovey}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
** Airbus launched the [[double-deck aircraft|double-decker]] [[Airbus A380]], the largest passenger aircraft ever to enter production.<ref>{{cite web |title=Airbus A380 Facts & Figures |date=June 2016 |publisher=Airbus |url=http://www.airbus.com/presscentre/corporate-information/key-documents/?eID=maglisting_push&tx_maglisting_pi1%5BdocID%5D=109179 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010184524/http://www.airbus.com/presscentre/corporate-information/key-documents/?eID=maglisting_push&tx_maglisting_pi1%5BdocID%5D=109179 |archive-date=October 10, 2016}}</ref>
** The [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner]], the first mass-production aircraft manufactured primarily with [[composite material]]s, had its maiden flight.<ref name=FG_takeoff>{{Cite journal |last=Ostrower |first=Jon |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/12/15/336211/breaking-video.html |title=Boeing 787 Dreamliner lifts off on maiden flight |journal=Flight International |date=December 15, 2009 |access-date=September 2, 2011 |archive-date=December 20, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091220235007/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/12/15/336211/breaking-video.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
** Production of the [[Boeing 757]], Boeing's largest single-aisle airliner, ended with no replacement.<ref name="B757">{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.de/boeing-757-airline-demand-la-compagnie-2016-5?r=US&IR=T |title=Boeing made a 'major mistake' 12 years ago that left its customers in the lurch |first=Benjamin |last=Zhang |date=May 26, 2016 |access-date=November 28, 2016 |website=Business Insider |archive-date=November 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128195532/http://www.businessinsider.de/boeing-757-airline-demand-la-compagnie-2016-5?r=US&IR=T |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The [[Concorde]], a turbojet-powered supersonic passenger airliner or supersonic transport (SST), was retired in 2003 due to a general downturn in the aviation industry after the type's only [[Air France Flight 4590|crash in 2000]], the [[9/11 terrorist attacks]] in 2001 and a decision by [[Airbus]], the successor firm of [[Aerospatiale]] and BAC, to discontinue maintenance support.
* December 9, 2005 – The [[London Transport Executive]] [[AEC Routemaster]] double-decker bus was officially withdrawn from 51 years general service in the UK. In the [[2008 London mayoral election]] campaign, prospective mayor [[Boris Johnson]] made several commitments to change the London Buses vehicle policy, namely to introduce a new Routemaster, and [[Buses in London#New Routemaster and bendy bus withdrawal|remove the bendy buses]].
* [[High-speed rail]] projects opened across Asia and Europe, and rail services saw record passenger numbers.
** The [[Acela Express]], the first full high-speed service in North America, started on the [[Northeast Corridor]] in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=M2 Presswire |date=November 17, 2000 |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-67162158.html |title=U.S. Transportation Secretary Slater celebrates inaugural run of Acela Express high-speed rail service |access-date=August 29, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026120746/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-67162158.html |archive-date=October 26, 2012}}</ref>
** The [[Qinhuangdao–Shenyang High-Speed Railway]] opened, becoming the first [[high-speed railway]] in China.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-107756365.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409050721/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-107756365.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |title=China opens first dedicated high-speed line: China continues to expand its railway network. It is also improving the technology it employs in constructing new lines and developing new rolling stock in an effort to increase train speeds |work=International Railway Journal |date=August 1, 2003 |access-date=May 3, 2015}}</ref>
** [[High Speed 1]], the first true high-speed line in the United Kingdom, opened in stages between 2003 and 2007, cutting travel times between Paris, Brussels and London considerably.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.eurostar.com/UK/uk/leisure/about_eurostar/press_release/press_archive_2006/14_11_2006_november_14_07.jsp |website=[[Eurostar]] |date=November 14, 2006 |title=Eurostar to launch passenger services at St Pancras International on Wednesday 14 November 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228213525/http://www.eurostar.com/UK/uk/leisure/about_eurostar/press_release/press_archive_2006/14_11_2006_november_14_07.jsp |archive-date=February 28, 2007}}</ref>
** [[Taiwan High Speed Rail]] opened in 2007, connecting cities down the island's west coast.<ref name="khi-700T">{{cite journal |title=Take a Ride on the Taiwan High Speed Rail |journal=Scope |publisher=Kawasaki Heavy Industries |date=January 2007 |url=http://www.khi.co.jp/scope/pdf_e/scope72.pdf |access-date=November 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229135028/http://www.khi.co.jp/scope/pdf_e/scope72.pdf |archive-date=December 29, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
** [[HSL-Zuid]] opened in 2009, linking Amsterdam to the European high-speed network for the first time.<ref name=rgi20090907>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/ns-hispeed-launches-hsl-zuid-services.html |title=NS Hispeed launches HSL-Zuid services |magazine=[[Railway Gazette International]] |date=September 7, 2009 |access-date=November 28, 2016 |archive-date=July 2, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702043118/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/ns-hispeed-launches-hsl-zuid-services.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== Video ====
* [[Digital camera]]s become widely popular due to rapid decreases in size and cost while photo resolution steadily increases. As a result, the digital cameras largely supplanted the [[analog camera]]s and the integration into [[camera phone|mobile phones]] increase greatly. Since 2007, digital cameras started being manufactured with the [[face recognition]] feature built in.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1109/ISSCS.2007.4292641 |chapter=A Review of Face Recognition Techniques for In-Camera Applications |title=2007 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems |year=2007 |last1=Iancu |first1=Claudia |last2=Corcoran |first2=Peter |last3=Costache |first3=Gabriel |pages=1–4 |hdl=10379/1344 |isbn=978-1-4244-0968-6 |s2cid=39811202}}</ref>
* [[Flat panel display]]s started becoming widely popular in the second half of the decade displacing [[cathode-ray tube]]s.<ref>{{cite news |last=Miller |first=Michael J. |url=http://blogs.pcmag.com/miller/2009/12/top_technologies_of_the_decade.php |title=Top Technologies of The Decade |publisher=Blogs.pcmag.com |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=February 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110801003946/http://blogs.pcmag.com/miller/2009/12/top_technologies_of_the_decade.php |archive-date=August 1, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ynews_deca/ynews_deca_ts1012 |title=Yahoo News |publisher=News.yahoo.com |access-date=November 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604045435/https://news.yahoo.com/s/ynews_deca/ynews_deca_ts1012 |archive-date=June 4, 2011}}</ref>
* [[Handheld projector]]s enter the market and are then integrated into cellphones.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Projector Phone: A Study of Using Mobile Phones with Integrated Projector for Interaction with Maps |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221270608 |access-date=2022-02-02 |website=ResearchGate |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Digital video recorder|DVR]] devices such as [[TiVo]] became popular, making it possible to record television broadcasts to a [[hard drive]]-based digital storage medium and allowing many additional features including the option to fast-forward through commercials or to use an automatic [[Commercial skipping]] feature. This feature created controversy, with major television networks and movie studios claiming it violates copyright and should be banned. With the commercial skipping feature, many television channels place advertisements on the bottom on the TV screen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Digital Video Recorders (DVR) – An Interesting History |url=https://www.cctvcameraworld.com/digital-video-recorders-history.html |access-date=2022-02-02 |website=www.cctvcameraworld.com |date=April 12, 2019 |archive-date=February 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202135528/https://www.cctvcameraworld.com/digital-video-recorders-history.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Video on demand|VOD]] technology became widely available among cable users worldwide, enabling the users to select and watch video content from a large variety of available content stored on a central server, as well as gaining the possibility to freeze the image, as well as fast-forward and rewind the VOD content.
* DVDs, and subsequently [[Blu-ray Disc]]s, replace [[VCR]] technology as the common standard in homes and at video stores.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/3335984/DVD-kills-the-video-show-as-digital-age-takes-over.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/3335984/DVD-kills-the-video-show-as-digital-age-takes-over.html |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=DVD kills the video show as digital age takes over |first=Robert |last=Uhlig |date=November 22, 2004 |via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* Free Internet video portals like YouTube, [[Hulu]], and Internet TV software solutions like [[Joost]] became new popular alternatives to [[Television broadcasting|TV broadcasts]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Fitzpatrick |first1=Laura |title=Brief History YouTube |url=https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1990787,00.html |magazine=Time |date=31 May 2010 |access-date=June 10, 2023 |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406150801/https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1990787,00.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
* TV becomes available on the networks run by some mobile phone providers, such as [[Verizon Wireless]]'s [[Vcast]]. {{Citation needed|date=December 2009}}
* "[[High-definition television]]" becomes very popular towards the second half of the decade, with the increase of HD television channels and the conversion from analog to digital signals.<ref>{{cite web |last=Evenson |first=Kelly |url=http://www.examiner.net/news/x967382688/Gadgets-that-defined-the-last-decade |title=Gadgets that defined the last decade |publisher=Examiner.net |date=December 19, 2009 |access-date=February 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222052308/http://www.examiner.net/news/x967382688/Gadgets-that-defined-the-last-decade |archive-date=February 22, 2012}}</ref>

<gallery widths="190px" perrow="5">
File:Canon powershot a95.jpg|[[Digital camera]]s gained massive popularity during the decade
File:Home cinema 01.jpg|[[Flat panel display]]s begin to displace [[cathode-ray tubes]]
</gallery>

==== Miscellaneous ====
[[File:Electronic Cigarette (cropped).jpg|In 2003, the [[vape]] was invented by Chinese pharmacist, Hon Lik|thumb|160px]]
* The [[e-cigarette|vape]] was invented in 2003 by Chinese pharmacist, Hon Lik.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brueck |first=Hilary |title=The wild history of vaping, from a 1927 'electric vaporizer' to today's mysterious lung injury crisis |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-vaping-who-invented-e-cigs-2019-10 |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US |archive-date=April 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417194726/https://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-vaping-who-invented-e-cigs-2019-10 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Religion and irreligion ==
Prominent events and trends during the 2000s:
* Increasing [[Islamophobia]] and Islamophobic incidents during the 2000s associated with the [[September 11 attacks]] or with the increased presence of Muslims in the Western world.<ref>Monshipouri, Mahmood. "The war on terror and Muslims in the west." In ''Muslims in the West after 9/11: Religion, Politics and Law'', p. 46pp.</ref><ref>Achcar, Gilbert. ''The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab-Israeli War of Narratives'', p. 283</ref><ref>Zine, Jasmin. ''Canadian Islamic Schools: Unraveling the Politics of Faith, Gender, Knowledge, and Identity'', p. 153</ref>
* In 2000, the Italian Supreme Court ruled that [[Scientology]] is a religion for legal purposes.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cowan |first1=Douglas E. |author-link=Douglas E. Cowan |last2=Bromley |first2=David G. |author2-link=David G. Bromley |chapter=The Church of Scientology |year=2006 |editor1-last=Gallagher |editor1-first=Eugene V. |editor2-last=Ashcraft |editor2-first=W. Michael |title=Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America |place=Westport, CT |publisher=Greenwood Press |volume=5 |pages=169–196 |isbn=978-0-275-98712-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cesnur.org/testi/scie_march2000.htm |title=Italian Supreme Court decision |publisher=Cesnur.org |date=March 23, 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221000131/http://www.cesnur.org/testi/scie_march2000.htm |archive-date=February 21, 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=July 21, 2014}}</ref>
* In 2001, lawsuits were filed in the [[United States]] and [[Ireland]], alleging that some priests had sexually abused minors and that their superiors had conspired to conceal and otherwise abet their criminal misconduct.<ref name="Bruni336">Bruni, p. 336.</ref> In 2004, the [[John Jay Report|John Jay report]] tabulated a total of 4,392 priests and deacons in the U.S. against whom allegations of sexual abuse had been made.
* The [[French law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools]] bans wearing conspicuous religious symbols in French public (i.e. government-operated) primary and secondary schools; and came into effect on September 2, 2004.
* June 27, 2005, – The [[Supreme Court of the United States]] ruled on in a 5–4 decision, that a [[Ten Commandments]] display at the [[McCreary County]] courthouse in [[Whitley City]], [[Kentucky]] and a Ten Commandments display at the [[Pulaski County, Kentucky|Pulaski County]] courthouse—were unconstitutional: ''[[McCreary County v. American Civil Liberties Union]]''
* France created in 2006 the first [[French parliamentary commission on cult activities]] which led to a report registering a number of [[cult]]s considered as dangerous. Supporters of such movements have criticized the report on the grounds of [[Status of religious freedom in France|the respect of religious freedom]]. Proponents of the measure contend that only dangerous cults have been listed as such, and state secularism ensures religious freedom in France.
* November 2009 – [[Minaret controversy in Switzerland]]: A referendum, a constitutional amendment banning the construction of new Mosque minarets was approved, sparking reactions from governments and political parties throughout of the world.
* 2009 – In [[Pope Benedict XVI]]'s third [[encyclical]] [[Caritas in Veritate]], he warns that a purely technocrat mindset where decisions are made only on grounds of efficiency will not deliver true development. Technical decisions must not be divorced from ethics. Benedict discusses bioethics and states that practices such as abortion, eugenics and euthanasia are morally hazardous and that accepting them can lead to greater tolerance for various forms of moral degradation. He turns to another consequence of the technocratic mindset, the viewing of people's personalities in purely psychological terms at the exclusion of the spiritual, which he says can lead to people feeling empty and abandoned even in prosperous societies.

== Population and social issues ==
* The decade saw further expansion of [[LGBTQ+ rights]], with many European, Oceanic, and American countries recognizing civil unions and partnerships and a number of countries extending civil marriage to same-sex couples. The [[Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands|Netherlands]] was the first country in the world to legalize [[same-sex marriage]] in 2001. By the end of 2009, [[same-sex marriage]] was legal and performed in 10 countries worldwide, although only in some jurisdictions in [[Same-sex marriage in Mexico|Mexico]] and the [[Same-sex marriage in the United States|United States]].
* Population continued to grow in most countries, in particular in developing countries, though overall the rate slowed. According to United Nations estimates, world population reached six billion in late 1999,<ref>United Nations [https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm The World at Six Billion] U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (Population Division) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709223435/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm|date=July 9, 2013 }}</ref> and continued to climb to 6.8 billion in late 2009.<ref>[[U.S. Census Bureau]] [https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/popclockworld.html World POPClock Projection] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205020959/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/popclockworld.html|date=February 5, 2008 }}</ref> In 2007 the population of the United States reached 300 million inhabitants, and Japan's population peaked at 127 million before going into decline.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/c02cont.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411094023/http://www.stat.go.jp/English/data/handbook/c02cont.htm |url-status=dead |title=Statistical Handbook of Japan |archive-date=April 11, 2008}}</ref>
* In a 2003 memo to a staff member, Britain's [[Charles III of the United Kingdom|Charles, Prince of Wales]] wrote: {{blockquote|What is wrong with everyone nowadays? Why do they all seem to think they are qualified to do things far beyond their technical capabilities? This is to do with the learning culture in schools as a consequence of a child-centred system that admits no failure. People think they can all be pop stars, high court judges, brilliant TV personalities or infinitely more competent heads of state without ever putting in the necessary work or having natural ability. This is the result of social utopianism which believes humanity can be genetically and socially engineered to contradict the lessons of history ...<ref>{{cite news |title=What is wrong with everyone? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/nov/13/prince-charles-monarchy-letters-60 |access-date=February 12, 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=November 13, 2008 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411064247/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/nov/13/prince-charles-monarchy-letters-60 |archive-date=2012-04-11}}</ref>}}
* [[Obesity]] is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and children, and authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sturm |first1=R. |title=Increases in morbid obesity in the USA: 2000–2005 |journal=Public Health |date=July 2007 |volume=121 |issue=7 |pages=492–496 |doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2007.01.006 |pmc=2864630 |pmid=17399752}}</ref>
* In 2001, 46.4% of people in [[sub-Saharan Africa]] were living in extreme [[poverty]].<ref>"[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/birth-rates-must-be-curbed-to-win-war-on-global-poverty-434387.html Birth rates 'must be curbed to win war on global poverty']". The Independent. January 31, 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215163037/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/birth-rates-must-be-curbed-to-win-war-on-global-poverty-434387.html|date=December 15, 2013 }}</ref> Nearly half of all Indian children are undernourished, however, even among the wealthiest fifth one third of children are malnourished.<ref>"[http://www.calcuttanews.net/story/554769 Half of India's children malnourished, says NGO report]". Calcutta News. October 15, 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224064743/http://www.calcuttanews.net/story/554769|date=December 24, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/node/17090948?story_id=17090948 |title=Putting the smallest first: Why India makes a poor fist of feeding the young, and how it could do better |newspaper=The Economist |quote=Even the children of wealthier families suffer surprisingly high rates of malnutrition. Government data show that a third of children from the wealthiest fifth of India's population is malnourished. |date=September 23, 2010 |access-date=November 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101106040333/http://www.economist.com/node/17090948?story_id=17090948 |archive-date=November 6, 2010 |url-status=dead}}{{Subscription required}}</ref>
* [[5 A Day]] is the name of a number of programs in countries such as the United States, the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Germany]], to encourage the consumption of at least five portions of [[fruit]] and [[vegetables]] each day, following a recommendation by the [[World Health Organization]] that individuals consume at least 400&nbsp;g of vegetables daily.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/fruit/en/index.html |title=WHO &#124; Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption around the world |publisher=Who.int |access-date=February 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021144323/http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/fruit/en/index.html |archive-date=October 21, 2013}}</ref>
* The programme was introduced by the UK Department of Health in the winter of 2002–2003, and received some adverse media attention because of the high and rising costs of fresh fruit and vegetables. After ten years, research suggested that few people were meeting the target.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wales |first=South |url=http://www.thisissouthwales.co.uk/Rising-costs-mean-fewer-hitting-target-day/story-17425618-detail/story.html |title="Rising costs mean fewer are hitting target of 'five-a-day'", ''South Wales Evening Post'', November 26, 2012. Accessed December 3, 2012 |publisher=Thisissouthwales.co.uk |date=November 26, 2012 |access-date=February 19, 2014 |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526204033/https://www.walesonline.co.uk/all-about/swansea |url-status=live}}</ref>
* The [[London congestion charge]] is a fee charged on most motor vehicles operating within the Congestion Charge Zone (CCZ) in central London between 07:00 and 18:00 Monday to Friday. It is not charged at weekends, public holidays or between Christmas Day and New Year's Day (inclusive). The charge, which was introduced on February 17, 2003, remains one of the largest congestion charge zones in the world.
* On December 3, 2003, [[New Zealand]] passed legislation to progressively implement a [[smoking ban]] in schools, school grounds, and workplaces by December 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moh.govt.nz/smokefreelaw |author=Ministry of Health |title=Smokefree Law in New Zealand |publisher=moh.govt.nz |date=September 15, 2005 |access-date=March 24, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129001044/http://www.moh.govt.nz/smokefreelaw |archive-date=November 29, 2011}}</ref> On March 29, 2004, [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] implemented a nationwide ban on smoking in all workplaces. In Norway, similar legislation was put into force on June 1 the same year. Smoking was banned in all public places in the whole of the United Kingdom in 2007, when England became the final region to have the legislation come into effect (the age limit for buying tobacco was also raised from 16 to 18 on October 1, 2007). From 2004 to 2009, the UK's Merseyside police officers, conducted 1,389 section 60 stop and searches (without reasonable suspicion), rising to 23,138 within five years.<ref>{{cite news |title=Stop and search 'racial profiling' by police on the increase, claims study |url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2012/jan/14/stop-search-racial-profiling-police |newspaper=The Guardian |date=January 14, 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=February 11, 2013 |location=London |first=Mark |last=Townsend |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422000102/http://www.guardian.co.uk/law/2012/jan/14/stop-search-racial-profiling-police |archive-date=April 22, 2013}}</ref>
* In 2005 the cost of alcohol dependence and abuse was estimated to cost the US economy approximately 220 billion dollars per year, more than cancer and obesity.<ref name="soa2008">{{cite book |last1=Potter |first1=James V. |volume=2 |title=Substances of Abuse |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WU73eJAIDI4C&pg=PA1 |date=January 14, 2008 |publisher=AFS Publishing Co |isbn=978-1-930327-46-7 |pages=1–13}}</ref>
* The number of [[antidepressant]]s prescribed by the [[National Health Service|NHS]] in the United Kingdom almost doubled during one decade, authorities reported in 2010. In 2009, 39.1 million prescriptions for drugs to tackle depression were issued in England, compared with 20.1 million issued in 1999.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Rowenna |title=Antidepressant use rises as recession feeds wave of worry |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/jun/11/antidepressant-prescriptions-rise-nhs-recession |work=The Guardian |date=11 June 2010 |access-date=November 5, 2019 |archive-date=June 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615165456/http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2010/jun/11/antidepressant-prescriptions-rise-nhs-recession |url-status=live}}</ref>
* In the United States a 2005 independent report stated that 11% of women and 5% of men in the non-institutionalized population (2002) take [[antidepressant]]s. The use of antidepressants in the United States doubled over one decade, from 1996 to 2005.<ref name="Antidepressant use doubles in U.S., study finds| Reuters">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5725E720090804 |title=Antidepressant Use Doubles in U.S., Study Finds |date=August 4, 2009 |access-date=July 1, 2010 |work=Reuters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703003724/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5725E720090804 |archive-date=July 3, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Antidepressant drugs were prescribed to 13 million in 1996 and to 27 million people by 2005. In 2008, more than 164 million prescriptions were written.<ref name="Antidepressant use doubles in U.S., study finds| Reuters" />
* In the UK, the number of weddings in 2006 was the lowest for 110 years.<ref>{{cite news |last=Truscott |first=Claire |title=Nearly half of marriages doomed for divorce, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/mar/27/britishidentity.divorce |access-date=February 27, 2013 |location=London |date=March 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629081529/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/mar/27/britishidentity.divorce |archive-date=June 29, 2013}}</ref>
* [[Jamie Oliver]], is a British chef, [[restaurateur]], media personality, known for his food-focused television shows and cookbooks. In 2006, Oliver began a formal campaign to ban unhealthy food in British schools and to get children eating nutritious food instead. Oliver's efforts to bring radical change to the school meals system, chronicled in the series ''Jamie's School Dinners'', challenged the junk-food culture by showing schools they could serve healthy, cost-efficient meals that kids enjoyed eating.<ref>[http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/2007/11/02/317090/jamie-oliver-slams-government-for-not-supporting-school-meals.html "Jamie Oliver slams government for not supporting school meals reform"] caterersearch.com. Retrieved November 2, 2007 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091217043319/http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/2007/11/02/317090/jamie-oliver-slams-government-for-not-supporting-school-meals.html|date=December 17, 2009 }}</ref> Jamie's efforts brought the subject of school dinners to the political forefront and changed the types of food served in schools.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article7080355.ece "Jamie Oliver's school dinners 'are more effective than literacy hour"] March 29, 2010, The Times {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601181448/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article7080355.ece|date=June 1, 2010 }}</ref>
* In 2006, nearly 11 million [[Plastic surgery]] procedures were performed in the United States alone. The number of cosmetic procedures performed in the United States has increased over 50 percent since the start of the century.<ref>{{cite web |last1=American Society of Plastic Surgeons |title=2006 Quick Facts Cosmetic and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Trends |url=https://d2wirczt3b6wjm.cloudfront.net/News/Statistics/2006/plastic-surgery-trends-quick-facts-2006.pdf |website=American Society of Plastic Surgeons.com |access-date=January 25, 2017 |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202071925/https://d2wirczt3b6wjm.cloudfront.net/News/Statistics/2006/plastic-surgery-trends-quick-facts-2006.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* In November 2006, the Office of Communications ([[Ofcom]]) announced that it would ban television advertisements for junk food before, during and after television programming aimed at under-16s in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite news |title=Junk food ad crackdown announced |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6154600.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |date=November 17, 2006 |access-date=November 17, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107022846/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6154600.stm |archive-date=January 7, 2009}}</ref> These regulations were originally outlined in a proposal earlier in the year. This move has been criticized on both ends of the scale; while the [[Food and Drink Federation]] labelled the ban "over the top", others have said the restrictions do not go far enough (particularly due to the fact that [[soap operas]] would be exempt from the ban).<ref>{{cite news |title=Reactions in quotes: ad ban |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6157956.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |date=November 17, 2006 |access-date=November 17, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021084445/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6157956.stm |archive-date=October 21, 2007}}</ref> On April 1, 2007, junk food advertisements were banned from programmes aimed at four to nine-year-olds.<ref name="April07">{{cite news |title=Junk food ad ban comes into force |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6515245.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |date=April 1, 2007 |access-date=April 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021084445/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6515245.stm |archive-date=October 21, 2007}}</ref> Such advertisements broadcast during programmes "aimed at, or which would appeal to," ten to fifteen-year-olds will continue to be phased out over the coming months,<ref>{{cite news |title=Junk food ad ban plans laid out |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6385345.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |date=February 22, 2007 |access-date=April 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117075525/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6385345.stm |archive-date=January 17, 2009}}</ref> with a full ban coming into effect on January 1, 2009.<ref name="April07" />
* November 10, 2006 – referring to the UK's annual [[poppy appeal]], British journalist and presenter [[Jon Snow (journalist)|Jon Snow]] condemned the attitude of those who insist remembrance poppies are worn. He claimed: ''there is a rather unpleasant breed of poppy fascism out there''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pook |first=Sally |title=I won't bow to poppy fascists, says Jon Snow |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1533751/I-wont-bow-to-poppy-fascists-says-Jon-Snow.html |access-date=February 25, 2013 |location=London |date=November 10, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211002042/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1533751/I-wont-bow-to-poppy-fascists-says-Jon-Snow.html |archive-date=December 11, 2013}}</ref>
* In January 2007, the [[British Retail Consortium]] announced that major UK retailers, including [[Asda]], [[Boots UK|Boots]], [[Co-op]], [[Iceland (supermarket)|Iceland]], [[Marks and Spencer]], [[Sainsbury's]], [[Tesco]] and [[Waitrose]] intended to cease adding trans fatty acids to their own products by the end of 2007.<ref>{{cite news |title=Retailers to stop trans-fat use |date=January 31, 2007 |work=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6314753.stm |access-date=January 31, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115124752/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6314753.stm |archive-date=January 15, 2009}}</ref>
* In October 2008 [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] reported on the further expansion of killings of albinos to the [[Ruyigi]] region of [[Burundi]]. Body parts of the victims are then smuggled to Tanzania, where they are used for witch doctor rituals and potions.<ref name="afp">{{cite web |url=http://www.france24.com/20081014-burundis-albinos-flee-sorcerers-organ-traders |first=Esdras |last=Ndikumanna |title=Burundi's albinos flee sorcerers and organ traders |publisher=Agence France-Presse |date=October 14, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929003917/http://www.france24.com/20081014-burundis-albinos-flee-sorcerers-organ-traders |archive-date=September 29, 2009}}</ref> Albinos have become "a commercial good", commented Nicodeme Gahimbare in Ruyigi, who established a local safe haven in his fortified house.<ref name="afp" />
* A 2009 study found a 30% increase in Chinese [[diabetes]] over 7 years.<ref name="LiLu2012">{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Rui |last2=Lu |first2=Wei |last3=Jiang |first3=Qing Wu |last4=Li |first4=Yan Yun |last5=Zhao |first5=Gen Ming |last6=Shi |first6=Liang |last7=Yang |first7=Qun Di |last8=Ruan |first8=Ye |last9=Jiang |first9=Junyi |last10=Zhang |first10=Sheng Nian |last11=Xu |first11=Wang Hong |last12=Zhong |first12=Wei Jian |title=Increasing Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Adults in Shanghai |journal=Diabetes Care |date=1 May 2012 |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=1028–1030 |doi=10.2337/dc11-1212 |pmid=22432111 |pmc=3329854}}</ref>
* [[AIDS]] continued to expand during the decade, mainly in [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]. New diseases of animal origin appeared for a short time, such as the [[Avian influenza|bird flu]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523154841/https://www.cbsnews.com/elements/2007/01/04/in_depth_world/timeline2330123.shtml |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/elements/2007/01/04/in_depth_world/timeline2330123.shtml |archive-date=May 23, 2013 |title=Bird Flu Soars |website=CBS News}}</ref> [[Swine flu]] was declared a pandemic by the [[World Health Organization]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chan |first1=Margaret |title=World now at the start of 2009 influenza pandemic |url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2009/h1n1_pandemic_phase6_20090611/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818192945/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2009/h1n1_pandemic_phase6_20090611/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 18, 2009 |website=WHO |access-date=January 10, 2017}}</ref>

== Environment and climate change ==
[[Climate change]] and [[Climate change|global warming]] became household words in the 2000s. Predictions tools made significant progress during the decade, UN-sponsored organisations such as the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] gained influence, and studies such as the [[Stern Review|Stern report]] influenced public support for paying the political and economic costs of countering climate change.

The global temperature kept climbing during the decade. In December 2009, the [[World Meteorological Organization]] (WMO) announced that the 2000s might have been the warmest decade since records began in 1850, with four of the five warmest years since 1850 having occurred in this decade.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5i9TuMrvrknh-ZXwqmZ2N-48kff3wD9CF81LO0 |title=UN: 2000–2009 likely warmest decade on record |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=December 8, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |author=Hanley, Charles J. |quote=This decade is on track to become the warmest since records began in 1850, and 2009 could rank among the top-five warmest years, the U.N. weather agency reported Tuesday on the second day of a pivotal 192-nation climate conference. |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240524195059/https://www.webcitation.org/5m7FhrAlX?url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5i9TuMrvrknh-ZXwqmZ2N-48kff3wD9CF81LO0 |archive-date=May 24, 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/temperature-records-released-to-debunk-climate-change-claims-1836391.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213051423/http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/temperature-records-released-to-debunk-climate-change-claims-1836391.html |archive-date=December 13, 2009 |title=Temperature records released to debunk climate change claims |agency=[[Press Association]] |work=The Independent |location=London |author=Beament, Emily |date=December 8, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[NASA]] and the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] later echoed the WMO's findings.<ref>{{cite news |last=Broder |first=John M. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/22/science/earth/22warming.html?hpw |title=Past Decade Warmest on Record, NASA Data Shows |date=January 21, 2010 |work=The New York Times |access-date=January 23, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125154903/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/22/science/earth/22warming.html?hpw |archive-date=January 25, 2010}}</ref>

[[File:Global Warming Predictions Map.jpg|thumb|Scientific studies on [[climate]] helped establish a consensus.]] Major natural disasters became more frequent and helped change public opinion. One of the deadliest heat waves in human history happened during the 2000s, mostly in Europe, with the [[2003 European heat wave]] killing 37,451 people over the summer months.<ref>[http://www.earth-policy.org/index.php?/plan_b_updates/2003/update29 Earth-policy.org], Janet Larsen, ''Record Heat Wave in Europe Takes 35,000 Lives: Far Greater Losses May Lie Ahead''. Retrieved December 10, 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716072349/http://www.earth-policy.org/index.php?/plan_b_updates/2003/update29|date=July 16, 2013 }}</ref> In February 2009, [[Black Saturday bushfires|a series of highly destructive bushfires]] started in Victoria, Australia, lasting into the next month. While the fires are believed to have been caused by arson, they were widely reported as having been fueled by an excessive [[2009 southeastern Australia heat wave|heatwave]] that was due in part to climate change. It has also been alleged that climate change was a cause of increased storms intensity, notably in the case of [[Hurricane Katrina]].

=== International actions ===
Climate change became a major issue for governments, populations and scientists. [[Global warming controversy|Debates on global warming]] and its causes made significant progress, as [[climate change denial]]s were refuted by [[Scientific consensus on climate change|most scientific studies]]. Decisive reports such as the [[Stern Review]] and the [[IPCC Fourth Assessment Report|2007 IPCC Report]] almost established a climate change consensus.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Osborne |first1=Hilary |title=Stern report: the key points |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2006/oct/30/economy.uk |work=The Guardian |date=30 October 2006}}</ref> NGOs' actions and the commitment of political personalities (such as former U.S. Vice President [[Al Gore]]) also urged to international reactions against climate change. Documentary films ''[[An Inconvenient Truth]]'' and ''[[Home (2009 film)|Home]]'' may have had a decisive impact.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/inconvenient-truth-then-and-now |title=An Inconvenient Truth Then and Now: What's Changed for Our Climate Since 2006? |website=Climate Reality |date=January 17, 2017 |language=en |access-date=October 9, 2019 |archive-date=September 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924092816/https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/inconvenient-truth-then-and-now |url-status=live}}</ref>

Under the auspices of The [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|UN Convention on Climate Change]] the [[Kyoto Protocol]] (aimed at combating global warming) entered into force on February 16, 2005. As of November 2009, [[List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol|187 states have signed and ratified]] the protocol.<ref name="Kyoto-PDF-unfccc">{{cite web |title=Kyoto Protocol: Status of Ratification |url=http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/status_of_ratification/application/pdf/kp_ratification.pdf |date=January 14, 2009 |access-date=May 6, 2009 |publisher=[[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325015751/http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/status_of_ratification/application/pdf/kp_ratification.pdf |archive-date=March 25, 2009}}</ref> In addition The [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|UN Convention on Climate Change]] helped coordinate the efforts of the international community to fight potentially disastrous effects of human activity on the planet and launched negotiations to set an ambitious program of carbon emission reduction that began in 2007 with the [[Bali Road Map]]. However, the representatives of the then 192 member countries of the United Nations gathered in December 2009 for the [[2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference|Copenhagen Conference]] failed to reach a binding agreement to reduce carbon emissions because of divisions between regional areas.

However, as [[Environmental technology|environmental technologies]] were to make up a potential market, some countries made large investments in [[Renewable energy|renewable energies]], [[energy conservation]] and [[sustainable transport]]. Many governments launched national plans to promote sustainable energy. In 2003, the European Union members created an [[European Union Emissions Trading System|emission trading scheme]], and in 2007 they assembled a [[European Union climate and energy package|climate and energy package]] to reduce further their carbon emission and improve their energy-efficiency. In 2009, the United States Obama administration set up the [[Green New Deal]], a plan to create millions of jobs in sectors related to [[environmentalism]].

The [[Household Waste Recycling Act 2003]] requires local authorities in [[England]] to provide every household with a separate collection of at least two types of recyclable materials by 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foe.co.uk/campaigns/waste/news/recycling_bill_success.html |title=Friends of the Earth – "Recycling Bill success!" |publisher=Foe.co.uk |access-date=February 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212193454/http://foe.co.uk/campaigns/waste/news/recycling_bill_success.html |archive-date=February 12, 2009}}</ref>

== Culture ==
=== Architecture ===
{{See also|Category:2000s architecture}}

Commercialization and globalization resulted in mass migration of people from rural areas to urban areas resulting in high-profile skyscrapers in Asia and Europe. In Asia skyscrapers were constructed in [[India]], China, [[Thailand]], South Korea, and Japan.
* The [[Millennium Bridge, London]] officially known as the London Millennium Footbridge, is a steel suspension bridge for pedestrians crossing the [[River Thames]] in London, [[England]], linking Bankside with the city. Londoners nicknamed the bridge the "Wobbly Bridge" after participants in a charity walk on behalf of Save the Children to open the bridge felt an unexpected, and, for some, uncomfortable, swaying motion on the first two days after the bridge opened. The bridge was closed later that day, and after two days of limited access the bridge was closed for almost two years while modifications were made to eliminate the wobble entirely. It was reopened in 2002.
* [[30 St Mary Axe]] (informally also known as "the Gherkin" and previously the Swiss Re Building) is a skyscraper in London's financial district, the City of London, completed in December 2003 and opened at the end of May 2004. The building has become an iconic symbol of London and is one of the city's most widely recognised examples of modern architecture.
* [[Wembley Stadium]] is a football stadium located in [[Wembley Park]], in the Borough of Brent, London, [[England]]. It opened in 2007 and was built on the site of the previous 1923 Wembley Stadium. The earlier Wembley stadium, originally called the Empire Stadium, was often referred to as "The Twin Towers" and was one of the world's most famous football stadia until its demolition in 2003.
* A major redevelopment of London's [[Trafalgar Square]] led by [[WS Atkins]] with [[Foster and Partners]] as sub-consultants was completed in 2003. The work involved closing the main eastbound road along the north side, diverting the traffic around the other three sides of the square, demolishing the central section of the northern retaining wall and inserting a wide set of steps leading up to a pedestrianised terrace in front of the National Gallery. The construction includes two lifts for disabled access, public toilets, and a small café. Previously, access between the square and the Gallery was by two crossings at the northeast and northwest corners of the square.<ref>{{cite web |title=Transformation of Trafalgar Square |publisher=Foster+Partners |url=http://www.fosterandpartners.com/News/110/Default.aspx |access-date=April 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214035327/http://www.fosterandpartners.com/News/110/Default.aspx |archive-date=2012-12-14}}</ref>
* [[Taipei 101]] became the [[List of tallest buildings in the world|tallest building in the world]] ever built after it officially opened on December 31, 2004, a record it held until the opening of the [[Burj Khalifa]] (Formerly known as [[Burj Dubai]]) in January 2010, standing at {{convert|828|m|ft|abbr=on}}.

=== Fine arts ===
* [[Lucian Freud]] was a German-born British painter. Known chiefly for his thickly impastoed portrait and figure paintings, he was widely considered the pre-eminent British artist of his time.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hogrefe |first=Jeffrey |url=http://www.observer.com/node/39963 |title=Lucian Freud Bio Killed Amid Much Heavy Breathing |work=[[The New York Observer]] |date=December 14, 1997 |access-date=July 22, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719205413/http://www.observer.com/node/39963 |archive-date=July 19, 2008}} Also see Rimanelli, David (January 2012), [https://web.archive.org/web/20140610054047/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2553396771.html "Damien Hirst"], ''Artforum'': "With the recent death of Lucían Freud, some might argue that Hirst is now the greatest living British artist". Retrieved October 28, 2012. Also see Kennedy, Maev (December 21, 2001), [https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/dec/21/arts.monarchy1 "Palace unveils Freud's gift to Queen"], ''The Guardian'', who calls Freud "the artist regarded as the greatest living British painter". Retrieved October 28, 2012. Darwent, Charles (November 28, 1999), [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/the-1990s-in-review-visual-arts--who-wants-to-be-a-yba-they-do-1129125.html "The 1990s in Review: Visual Arts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925010655/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/the-1990s-in-review-visual-arts--who-wants-to-be-a-yba-they-do-1129125.html |date=September 25, 2015 }}, ''The Independent'', says "Freud becomes the greatest living British artist after his Whitechapel show [of 1993]". Retrieved October 28, 2012.</ref>
** During a period from May 2000 to December 2001, Freud painted Queen [[Elizabeth II]]. There was criticism of this portrayal of the Queen in some sections of the British media. The highest selling tabloid newspaper, ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]'', was particularly condemnatory, describing the portrait as "a travesty".<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/1723071.stm "Freud royal portrait divides critics"]. [[BBC News]]. December 21, 2001. Retrieved February 26, 2008. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130011802/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/1723071.stm|date=January 30, 2009 }}</ref>
* The [[Hockney–Falco thesis]] is a controversial theory of [[art history]], advanced by artist [[David Hockney]] and physicist [[Charles M. Falco]], suggesting that advances in [[realism (visual arts)|realism]] and accuracy in the history of Western art since the [[Renaissance]] were primarily the result of optical aids such as the [[camera obscura]], [[camera lucida]], and [[curved mirror]]s, rather than solely due to the development of [[artist]]ic technique and skill. In a 2001 book, ''Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the Lost Techniques of the Old Masters'', Hockney analyzed the work of the [[Old Masters]] and argued that the level of accuracy represented in their work is impossible to create by "eyeballing it". Since then, Hockney and Falco have produced a number of publications on positive evidence of the use of optical aids, and the historical plausibility of such methods.
* [[Rolf Harris]] was an Australian entertainer. He was a musician, a singer-songwriter, a composer, a painter, and a television personality.
** In 2005 he painted an official portrait of [[Queen Elizabeth II]], which was the subject of a special episode of ''[[Rolf on Art]]''.
** Harris's portrait of The Queen was voted by readers of the ''[[Radio Times]]'' the third favourite portrait of her. The royal portrait was exhibited at [[Buckingham Palace]], the [[Palace of Holyroodhouse]] in [[Edinburgh]], and was exhibited on a tour of public galleries in the UK.
* In April–June 2003, the English visual artists often known as [[Jake and Dinos Chapman|The Chapman Brothers]], held a solo show at [[Modern Art Oxford]] entitled ''The Rape of Creativity'' in which "the ''enfants terribles'' of Britart, bought a mint collection of Goya's most celebrated prints – and set about systematically defacing them".<ref name="jones">Jones, Jonathan. [https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2003/mar/31/artsfeatures.turnerprize2003 Look What We Did] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114190818/http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2003/mar/31/artsfeatures.turnerprize2003 |date=November 14, 2012 }}, ''[[The Guardian]]'', March 31, 2003. Retrieved February 3, 2009.</ref> The [[Francisco Goya]] prints referred to his ''[[The Disasters of War|Disasters of War]]'' set of 80 etchings.<ref name="jones" /> The duo named their newly defaced works ''Insult to Injury''.<ref name="jones" /> [[BBC]] described more of the exhibition's art: "Drawings of mutant Ronald McDonalds, a bronze sculpture of a painting showing a sad-faced Hitler in clown make-up and a major installation featuring a knackered old caravan and fake dog turds."<ref>Sumpter, Helen. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/collective/A1024282 BBC – collective – jake and dinos chapman, modern art oxford], BBC, April 17, 2003. Retrieved February 3, 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113202552/http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/collective/A1024282|date=November 13, 2012 }}</ref> ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' commented that the Chapman brothers had "managed to raise the hackles of art historians by violating something much more sacred to the art world than the human body – another work of art"<ref name="telegraph">Dorment, Richard. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3593618/Inspired-vandalism.html Inspired Vandalism], ''The Telegraph'', May 27, 2003. Retrieved February 3, 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218072401/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3593618/Inspired-vandalism.html|date=December 18, 2013 }}</ref>
** As a protest against this piece, [[Aaron Barschak]] (who later gate-crashed [[Prince William]]'s 21st birthday party dressed as [[Osama bin Laden]] in a frock) threw a pot of red paint over Jake Chapman during a talk he was giving in May 2003.
* On May 5, 2004, a 1905 painting titled ''[[Garçon à la Pipe]]'' (English: Boy with a Pipe) by [[Pablo Picasso]] was sold for US$104,168,000 at [[Sotheby's]] [[auction]] in New York City. At the time, it broke [[List of most expensive paintings|the record for the amount paid for an auctioned painting]] (when inflation is ignored). The amount, US$104 million, includes the auction price of US$93 million plus the auction house's commission of about US$11 million. Many art critics have stated that the painting's high sale price has much more to do with the artist's name than with the merit or historical importance of the painting. ''[[The Washington Post]]''{{'}}s article<ref name="The_Washington_Post">''A Record Picasso and the Hype Price of Status Objects'', Blake Gopnik, ''[[The Washington Post]]'', May 7, 2004</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100712212647/http://www.theartistpablopicasso.com/pablo-picasso-painting-boy-pipe.htm ''Boy with Pipe'' or ''Garcon a la Pipe'', 1905] (archived), ''The Artist Pablo Picasso''</ref> on the sale contained the following characterisation of the reaction: {{blockquote|Picasso expert Pepe Karmel, reached in New York the morning after the sale, was waxing wroth about the whole affair. "I'm stunned," he said, "that a pleasant, minor painting could command a price appropriate to a real masterwork by Picasso. This just shows how much the marketplace is divorced from the true values of art."}}
* On May 24, 2004, more than 100 artworks from the famous collection of art collector and sponsor of the [[Young British Artists]] (YBAs) [[Charles Saatchi]]'s were destroyed in a warehouse fire on an industrial estate in [[Leyton]], [[east London]]. Modern art classics such as [[Tracey Emin]]'s tent and works by [[Damien Hirst]], [[Sarah Lucas]] and [[Gary Hume]] were lost.
** Works by [[Patrick Caulfield]], [[Craigie Horsfield]] and 20 pieces by [[Martin Maloney (artist)|Martin Maloney]] were also destroyed. They represent some of the cream of the so-named "[[Britart]]" movement of celebrated modern artists.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fire devastates Saatchi artworks |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3748179.stm |access-date=February 18, 2013 |date=May 26, 2004 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021084053/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3748179.stm |archive-date=October 21, 2007}}</ref>
* In 2004, during [[Channel 5 (UK)]]'s 'Big Art Challenge' television program, despite declaring: "I hold video and photography in profound contempt." English art critic [[Brian Sewell]], noted for artistic conservatism and having been described as "Britain's most famous and controversial art critic",<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2005/nov/13/art |title=We pee on things and call it art |newspaper=Guardian |date=November 13, 2005 |author1=Cooke, Rachel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417010203/http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2005/nov/13/art |archive-date=April 17, 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=June 17, 2017}}</ref> went on to at least 3 times hail video artist (and ultimately the competition's winner) Chris Boyd (aged 21) a "genius".<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyd |first=Chris |title=Big Art Challenge Clips |website=[[YouTube]] |date=August 7, 2007 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PstdmbusGeQ |access-date=February 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120810194634/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PstdmbusGeQ |archive-date=August 10, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Art of persuasion |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/going-out/art-of-persuasion-1128717 |newspaper=Manchester Evening News |access-date=February 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217062053/http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/going-out/art-of-persuasion-1128717 |archive-date=December 17, 2013}}</ref>
* In June 2007, the English artist, entrepreneur and art collector [[Damien Hirst]] gained the European record for the most expensive work of art by a living artist, when his ''Lullaby Spring'', (a 3-metre-wide steel cabinet with 6,136 pills) sold for 19.2 million dollars.
** In September 2008, [[Damien Hirst]] took an unprecedented move for a living artist by selling a complete show, ''Beautiful Inside My Head Forever'', at [[Sotheby's]] by auction and by-passing his long-standing galleries. The auction exceeded all predictions, raising £111 million ($198 million), breaking the record for a one-artist auction.
* December 9, 2009 – when the most expensive drawing by an [[Old Master]] ever, was sold in an auction. Titled 'Head of a Muse' by [[Raphael]]; costing £29,200,000 ($47,788,400), at [[Christie's]], [[London]], UK.<ref>{{cite web |title=Most expensive drawing by an Old Master sold at auction |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-1/most-expensive-drawing-by-an-old-master-sold-at-auction/ |publisher=Guinness World Records |access-date=February 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217072653/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-1/most-expensive-drawing-by-an-old-master-sold-at-auction/ |archive-date=December 17, 2013}}</ref>

=== Literature ===
{{Main|2000s in books}}
* [[Carol Ann Duffy]], [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]], [[Royal Society of Literature|FRSL]] (born December 23, 1955) is a British poet and playwright. She is Professor of Contemporary Poetry at [[Manchester Metropolitan University]], and was appointed Britain's [[Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom|poet laureate]] in May 2009.<ref name="about">[http://www2.hlss.mmu.ac.uk/english/academic-staff/?profileID=47 ''Manchester Metropolitan University, Profile: Professor Carol Ann Duffy''], accessed November 2, 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107022702/http://www2.hlss.mmu.ac.uk/english/academic-staff/?profileID=47|date=January 7, 2014 }}</ref> She is the first woman, the first Scot, and the first openly [[LGBT]] person to hold the position.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8029388.stm Duffy reacts to new Laureate post], BBC News, May 1, 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030093931/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8029388.stm|date=October 30, 2011 }}</ref>
* The phenomenally successful ''[[Harry Potter]]'' series by [[J. K. Rowling]] is concluded in July 2007 (having been first published in 1997), although the film franchise continues until 2011; several spin-off productions are announced in the early [[2010s (decade)|2010s]]. The ''Harry Potter'' series is to date the [[List of best-selling books|best-selling book]] series in world history, with only seven main volumes (and three supplemental works) published and four hundred and fifty million<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-13889578 The BBC] on ''Harry Potter'': "The Harry Potter novels have sold more than 450 million copies through Bloomsbury in Britain, and Scholastic in the United States." (June 23, 2011) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719004955/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-13889578|date=July 19, 2011 }}</ref> copies sold. The film franchise is also currently the third [[List of highest-grossing films|highest-grossing]] film franchise in history, with eight films (all but the final two of which were released in the 2000s) and $8,539,253,704 in sales.

== Popular culture ==
<gallery widths="190" perrow="5">
File:PS2-Versions.jpg|The [[sixth generation of video game consoles|sixth]] and [[seventh generation of video game consoles]] like [[PlayStation 2]] (pictured), [[Xbox (console)|Xbox]], and the [[GameCube]] were a hit in the 2000s. Sleeper hits like ''[[Katamari Damacy]]'' and ''[[Shadow of the Colossus]]'' were released on the PlayStation 2, and more popular games like ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]'' and ''[[Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3]]'' were released on the PlayStation 2 and Xbox.
File:Nintendo DS Default.PNG|[[Nintendo]]'s [[Nintendo DS]] (pictured) and [[Game Boy Advance]] were the best-selling portable systems of the decade. Games released for the Nintendo DS in the 2000s included ''[[Super Mario 64 DS]],'' ''[[Brain Age: Train Your Brain in Minutes a Day!]]'', ''[[Nintendogs]]'', ''[[New Super Mario Bros.]]'', [[Pokémon Diamond and Pearl|''Pokémon Diamond'' and ''Pearl'']], and ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars]]''.
File:The Friends Stage.jpg|Stage 24 at Warner Bros. studio, named after the television show ''Friends.'' The final episode of ''[[Friends (season 10)|Friends]]'' aired in 2004 with over 52 million viewers in the United States, and the character of [[Joey Tribbiani|Joey]] remained on television in his own spin-off until 2006.
File:The Sopranos promotional logo.svg|''[[The Sopranos]]'' and ''[[Curb Your Enthusiasm]]'' were popular on HBO and even crossed over. TV shows of varying genres such as ''[[Breaking Bad]],'' ''[[The Office (American TV series)|The Office]]'', ''[[Gilmore Girls]]'', ''[[Sex and the City]]'', ''[[The Wire]]'', ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]'', ''[[Scrubs (TV series)|Scrubs]]'', ''[[Two and a Half Men]]'', ''[[Grey's Anatomy]]'', ''[[Six Feet Under (TV series)|Six Feet Under]],'' and ''[[Arrested Development]]'' were popular in the 2000s.
File:IPod 5G, nano 2G, shuffle 2G.jpg|The [[iPod]] became a hit in the 2000s. iPods were digital music players that had click wheels and stored songs, the first iteration releasing in 2001.
File:Disco Wii (davanti) - Wii Sports.JPG|''[[Wii Sports]]'' was the best-selling game of the decade. The [[Wii]] was popular in the late 2000s and early 2010s. Games for the console released in the decade included ''[[Wii Sports Resort]]'', ''[[Super Mario Galaxy]]'', ''[[The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess]], [[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]], [[New Super Mario Bros. Wii]], [[Mario Kart Wii]], [[Wii Play]],'' and ''[[Wii Fit]]''
File:IFA 2005 Panasonic Blu-ray Discs Single and Dual Layer BD-RE (Cartridge) (by HDTVTotalDOTcom).jpg|By the early 2000s, [[DVD]]s had begun to eclipse the use of [[videotape]]s, which in some regards were still somewhat prevalent.
File:Shrek lass nach - panoramio.jpg|With the advancements and rise in computer technologies, computer-animated films like ''[[Shrek]]'', ''[[Monsters, Inc.]]'', ''[[Finding Nemo]]'', ''[[The Incredibles]]'', ''[[Cars (film)|Cars]]'', ''[[Ratatouille (film)|Ratatouille]]'', ''[[Kung Fu Panda (film)|Kung Fu Panda]]'', and [[Bolt (2008 film)|''Bolt'']] were produced by [[DreamWorks Animation]], and [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Disney]]-[[Pixar]] took over the dying traditionally animated movie industry.
File:Motorola RAZR V3i 03.JPG|Flip phones (such as the [[Motorola Razr V3i]] pictured here) and keyboard phones were commonplace throughout the 2000s, like [[BlackBerry]] and [[Motorola]] phones. By the very late 2000s and mostly 2010s, bar-shaped full-touchscreen [[smartphone]]s had replaced flip-phones and keyboard phones.
File:Nokia1100.jpg|Over 250 million [[Nokia 1100]]s were sold since its launch in late 2003 up through 2009, making it the [[List of best-selling mobile phones|world's best-selling mobile phone]] and the best-selling consumer electronics device in the world at the time. Home telephones such as [[Landline]]s and [[Cordless telephone]]s were also used in the 2000s.
File:Dave Chappelle (cropped).jpg|Comedian [[Dave Chappelle]] rose to fame during the mid-2000s with his satirical sketch show ''[[Chappelle's Show]]'' (2003–2006). Other popular comedy shows during the mid-2000s included ''[[The Bernie Mac Show]]'' and ''[[Everybody Hates Chris]]''.
File:Justin Bieber.jpg|Wings haircuts and cardigan sweaters were popular during the mid-to-late part of the 2000s (and into the early 2010s), modeled here by singer [[Justin Bieber]] in 2009.
File:Britney Spears.jpg|Low-rise jeans and crop-tops were popular and worn by women in the 2000s, as shown here by pop star [[Britney Spears]] in 2003.
File:Ms. magazine Cover - Winter 2004-2005.jpg|[[September 11 attacks|9/11]] damaged popular culture in the early 2000s. It caused greater sensitivity in media imagery. Following its use in radio and TV broadcasts after the event, [[Enya]]'s ''[[Only Time]]'' became a commercial hit; and pictured above is a ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' magazine cover showcasing "9/11 widows".
File:Beijing 2008 Olympic cauldron lighting (cropped).JPG|Five [[Olympic Games]] were held in the 2000s, [[2000 Summer Olympics|Sydney in 2000]], [[2002 Winter Olympics|Salt Lake City in 2002]], [[2004 Summer Olympics|Athens in 2004]], [[2006 Winter Olympics|Turin in 2006]] and [[2008 Summer Olympics|Beijing in 2008]].
File:Harry Potter Book and Wand.jpg|[[Warner Bros.]]' ''[[Harry Potter (film series)|Harry Potter]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'' were the highest-grossing fantasy film series during the decade, based on [[J. K. Rowling]]'s and [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]'s novel series respectively. The final ''Harry Potter'' book released in 2007.
File:Borat in Cologne.jpg|Mockumentaries grew in the 2000s, with mockumentary films such as ''[[Borat]]'' in 2006, and the popular documentaries ''[[Super Size Me]]'' and ''[[Fahrenheit 9/11]]'' in 2004.
File:Early iPod interface.png|The [[Y2K aesthetic]] was popular in the late 1990s and early 2000s, named after the [[Year 2000 problem|Y2K bug scare]] that caused concern between 1999 and 2000. This period was defined by then-new technology such as the 2001 [[iPod Classic]], [[digital camera]]s, and fashion such as shiny metallic clothing.
File:AAAMM Big Tech.svg|The 2000s saw the rise of the [[Big Tech]] companies like [[Alphabet Inc.|Alphabet]] ([[Google]]), [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], [[Meta Platforms|Meta]] (then Facebook), and [[Microsoft]], all headquartered in the [[West Coast of the United States]].
File:Leon hot air balloon festival 2010.jpg|''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]'' and other cartoons like ''[[Family Guy]]'', ''[[American Dad!]]'', ''[[Futurama]]'', ''[[King of the Hill]], [[South Park]]'', ''[[Aqua Teen Hunger Force]],'' ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'', [[Teen Titans (TV series)|''Teen Titans'']], ''[[Invader Zim]], [[Avatar: The Last Airbender]],'' and ''[[The Fairly OddParents]]'' were popular in the 2000s.
File:George-W-Bush.jpeg|[[George W. Bush]] was [[president of the United States]] for a majority of the 2000s (2001–2009), during the [[History of the United States (1991-2008)|Post-Cold War era]]. [[Illinois]] Senator [[Barack Obama]] was elected president in [[2008 United States presidential election|2008]].
</gallery>

=== Film ===
{{See also|2000s in film}}

'''Live-action films'''[[File:Avatar Flight of Passage (33825582954).jpg|260px|thumb|The highest-grossing film of the decade was ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009)]]

The usage of [[computer-generated imagery]] became more widespread in films during the 2000s. Documentary and [[mockumentary]] films, such as ''[[March of the Penguins]]'', ''[[Borat]]'', and ''[[Super Size Me]]'', were popular in the 2000s. 2004's ''[[Fahrenheit 9/11]]'' by [[Michael Moore]] is the highest-grossing documentary of all time. Online films became popular, and conversion to [[digital cinema]] started. Critically acclaimed movies released in the decade including highlights such as ''[[Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind]]'' and ''[[Lost in Translation (film)|Lost in Translation]]''.

Other films from the 2000s that gained popularity included ''[[300 (film)|300]]'', ''[[Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy]]'', ''[[Napoleon Dynamite]]'', ''[[Saw (film)|Saw]]'', ''[[Zoolander]]'', ''[[Shaun of the Dead]]'' (the first  ''[[Three Flavours Cornetto]]'' film), ''[[Elf (film)|Elf]]'', ''[[Love Actually]]'', ''[[The Room (2003 film)|The Room]]'', and ''[[Billy Elliot]]''. It also saw [[Musical film]]s becoming widely successful such as ''[[Moulin Rouge!]]'', ''[[8 Mile (film)|8 Mile]]'', ''[[Chicago (2002 film)|Chicago]]'', ''[[Dreamgirls (film)|Dreamgirls]]'', ''[[Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)|Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street]]'', and ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]''.

December 2009's ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', an American science fiction film written and directed by [[James Cameron]], made extensive use of cutting edge [[motion capture]] filming techniques, and was released for traditional viewing, [[3D film|3D]] viewing (using the [[RealD 3D]], [[Dolby 3D]], [[XpanD 3D]], and [[IMAX 3D]] formats). It was also released in "[[4D film|4D]]" in select South Korean theaters.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sunhee |first1=Han |title='Avatar' goes 4D in Korea |url=https://variety.com/2010/more/news/avatar-goes-4d-in-korea-1118014803/ |website=Variety |date=February 5, 2010 |access-date=30 December 2021 |archive-date=February 10, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210010141/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118014803.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[3D film]]s became more and more successful throughout the 2000s, culminating in the unprecedented success of 3D presentations of ''Avatar''.
* [[Roger Ebert]], described by ''[[Forbes]]'' as "the most powerful [[Pundit (expert)|pundit]] in America",<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/2007/09/21/pundit-americas-top-oped-cx_tvr_0924pundits.html |title=The Top Pundits in America |access-date=December 9, 2008 |author=Riper, Tom Van |date=September 24, 2007 |work=Forbes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412165345/http://www.forbes.com/2007/09/21/pundit-americas-top-oped-cx_tvr_0924pundits.html |archive-date=April 12, 2014}}</ref> was skeptical of the resurgence of [[3-D film|3D effects in film]], which he found unrealistic and distracting.<ref>{{cite news |first=Roger |last=Ebert |url=http://blogs.suntimes.com/ebert/2008/08/dminus_for_3d.html |title=D-minus for 3-D |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]: Blogs |date=August 16, 2008 |access-date=October 17, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207230520/http://blogs.suntimes.com/ebert/2008/08/dminus_for_3d.html |archive-date=February 7, 2013}}</ref>
* In August 2004, American horror author [[Stephen King]], in a column, criticized what he saw as a growing trend of leniency towards films from critics. His main criticism was that films, citing ''[[Spider-Man 2]]'' as an example, were constantly given four star ratings that they did not deserve: "Formerly reliable critics who seem to have gone remarkably soft – not to say softhearted and sometimes softheaded – in their old age."<ref>[[King, Stephen]], [https://ew.com/article/2007/02/01/stephen-king-summer-films-four-star-follies/ "The Four-Star Follies"], August 20, 2004. Retrieved January 31, 2008. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526140558/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0%2C%2C681657%2C00.html|date=May 26, 2013}}</ref>

''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'', a 2003 epic fantasy-drama film directed by [[Peter Jackson]] based on the second and third volumes of [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]'s ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', was nominated for eleven [[Academy Award]]s and won all the categories for which it was nominated.<ref name="Oscars2004">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/76th-winners.html |title=The 76th Academy Awards (2004) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 20, 2011 |work=oscars.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929190645/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/76th-winners.html |archive-date=September 29, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The film is tied for largest number of awards won with ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]'' (1959) and ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'' (1997).

''[[The Passion of the Christ]]'', a 2004 American film directed by [[Mel Gibson]] and starring [[Jim Caviezel]] as [[Jesus Christ]], was highly controversial<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/passion-of-the-christ-15-years-mel-gibson-jim-cavieziel-movie-reaction-christianity-a8788381.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/passion-of-the-christ-15-years-mel-gibson-jim-cavieziel-movie-reaction-christianity-a8788381.html |archive-date=May 1, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=The blood, the outrage and The Passion of the Christ: Mel Gibson's biblical firestorm, 15 years on |last=Chilton |first=Louis |date=February 25, 2019 |work=The Independent |access-date=January 10, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and received mixed reviews; however, it was a major commercial hit, grossing in excess of $600 million worldwide during its theatrical release.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Passion-of-the-Christ-The#tab=summary |title=The Passion of the Christ (2004) |website=The Numbers |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=October 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023090521/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Passion-of-the-Christ-The#tab=summary |url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[superhero film]] genre experienced renewed and intense interest throughout the 2000s. With high ticket and DVD sales, several new superhero films were released every year. Greatest superhero films including ''[[X-Men (film)|X-Men]]'', ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' and its sequel ''[[Spider-Man 2]]'', ''[[Batman Begins]]'' and its sequel ''[[The Dark Knight]]'', and ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'' (which started the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]]). Some media commentators attributed the increased popularity of such franchises to the social and political climate in Western society since the [[September 11th attacks]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://io9.com/5837450/where-would-superheroes-be-without-911 |title=Where would superheroes be without 9/11? |author=Charlie Jane Anders |work=io9 |date=September 7, 2011 |access-date=May 30, 2014 |archive-date=May 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529223142/http://io9.com/5837450/where-would-superheroes-be-without-911 |url-status=live}}</ref> although others argued advances in special effects technology played a more significant role.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/aug/31/marvel-superheroes-true-believers |title=How Marvel's superheroes found the magic to make us all true believers |first=Jeffrey A. |last=Brown |work=[[The Observer]] |date=August 31, 2013 |access-date=May 18, 2014}}</ref>

'''Animated films'''

Computer animated films became hugely popular following the release of ''[[Toy Story]]'' in the mid-1990s, as the production of traditional 2D animated films slowly started to decline, with several either underperforming or bombing at the box office.

[[Pixar]] and [[DreamWorks Animation]] proved themselves to be the most successful, yet rivaling, studios throughout the 2000s. Pixar enjoyed the critical and commercial successes of their [[List of Pixar films|features]] ''[[Monsters, Inc.]]'', ''[[Finding Nemo]]'', ''[[The Incredibles]]'', ''[[Cars (film)|Cars]]'', ''[[Ratatouille (film)|Ratatouille]]'', ''[[WALL-E]]'', and ''[[Up (2009 film)|Up]]'', while DreamWorks found its big break following the success of ''[[Shrek]]'' (which won the first [[Academy Award for Best Animated Feature]] in 2002), leading to them producing and releasing other films like ''[[Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron]]'', ''[[Shrek 2]]'', ''[[Madagascar (2005 film)|Madagascar]]'', ''[[Kung Fu Panda (film)|Kung Fu Panda]]'', and ''[[Monsters vs. Aliens]]''. [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Disney Animation]], meanwhile, saw several of its traditional 2D animated films underperforming, with the exception of films like ''[[The Emperor's New Groove]]'', ''[[Lilo & Stitch]]'', and ''[[The Princess and the Frog]]'', leading to the studio beginning work on computer animated films, as they would continue to do so into the next two decades.

Other successful films included ''[[Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius]]'', ''[[Ice Age (2002 film)|Ice Age]]'' and its first two sequels, ''[[The Wild Thornberrys Movie]]'', ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'', ''[[The Polar Express (film)|The Polar Express]]'', ''[[Hoodwinked!]]'', ''[[Monster House (film)|Monster House]]'', ''[[Happy Feet]]'', ''[[The Simpsons Movie]]'', ''[[Horton Hears a Who! (film)|Horton Hears a Who!]]'', and ''[[Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (film)|Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs]]''.

[[Stop motion]] animated films in that decade which mostly use live-action or computer animation methods included ''[[Chicken Run]]'', ''[[Team America: World Police]]'', ''[[Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit]]'', ''[[Corpse Bride]]'', ''[[Flushed Away]]'', ''[[Coraline (film)|Coraline]]'', ''[[Fantastic Mr. Fox (film)|Fantastic Mr. Fox]]'', ''[[Mary and Max]]'', and ''[[A Town Called Panic (film)|A Town Called Panic]]''. [[Anime]] films in the 2000s included ''[[Spirited Away]]'', ''[[Tokyo Godfathers]]'', ''[[Howl's Moving Castle (film)|Howl's Moving Castle]]'', ''[[Paprika (2006 film)|Paprika]]'', and ''[[Ponyo]]''. [[Independent film|Independent]] animated works in that decade included ''[[Waking Life]]'', ''[[The Triplets of Belleville]]'', ''[[A Scanner Darkly (film)|A Scanner Darkly]]'', ''[[Persepolis (film)|Persepolis]]'', ''[[Sita Sings the Blues]]'', ''[[Waltz with Bashir]]'', and ''[[The Secret of Kells]]''.

'''Award winners'''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:9%"| Award
! style="width:9%"| 2000
! style="width:9%"| 2001
! style="width:9%"| 2002
! style="width:9%"| 2003
! style="width:9%"| 2004
! style="width:9%"| 2005
! style="width:9%"| 2006
! style="width:9%"| 2007
! style="width:9%"| 2008
! style="width:9%"| 2009
|-
| '''Academy Award for Best Picture winners'''
| ''[[Gladiator (2000 film)|Gladiator]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lyman |first1=Rick |title=Oscar Spreads the Wealth, but 'Gladiator' Takes Top Prize; Julia Roberts Is Named Best Actress, And Russell Crowe Is Chosen Best Actor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/26/movies/oscar-spreads-wealth-but-gladiator-takes-top-prize-julia-roberts-named-best.html |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 26, 2001 |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812144304/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/26/movies/oscar-spreads-wealth-but-gladiator-takes-top-prize-julia-roberts-named-best.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[A Beautiful Mind (film)|A Beautiful Mind]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lyman |first1=Rick |title='Beautiful Mind' Wins; Best Actress Goes to Halle Berry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/25/movies/beautiful-mind-wins-best-actress-goes-to-halle-berry.html?rref=collection%2Fbyline%2Frick-lyman&action=click&contentCollection=undefined&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=search&contentPlacement=5&pgtype=collection |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 25, 2002 |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812143809/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/25/movies/beautiful-mind-wins-best-actress-goes-to-halle-berry.html?rref=collection%2Fbyline%2Frick-lyman&action=click&contentCollection=undefined&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=search&contentPlacement=5&pgtype=collection |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[Chicago (2002 film)|Chicago]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lyman |first1=Rick |title='Chicago' Is Big Oscar Winner, but 'Pianist' Surprises; Hollywood Glamour Still Stars at Ceremony, but Security and War Play Supporting Roles |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/24/movies/chicago-big-oscar-winner-but-pianist-surprises-hollywood-glamour-still-stars.html |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 24, 2003 |archive-date=August 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809132501/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/24/movies/chicago-big-oscar-winner-but-pianist-surprises-hollywood-glamour-still-stars.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Waxman |first1=Sharon |title='Lord of the Rings' Dominates the Oscars; Final Film of Trilogy Sweeps 11 Categories; Sean Penn and Charlize Theron Get Top Acting Awards |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/01/arts/lord-rings-dominates-oscars-final-film-trilogy-sweeps-11-categories-sean-penn.html |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 1, 2004 |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812140417/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/01/arts/lord-rings-dominates-oscars-final-film-trilogy-sweeps-11-categories-sean-penn.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[Million Dollar Baby]]''<ref>{{cite news |author1=Waxman, Sharon |author2=Halbfinger, David M. |title='Million Dollar Baby' Dominates Oscars |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/28/movies/oscars/million-dollar-baby-dominates-oscars.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=697A7169B66FEC4C5C0084E4E3053163&gwt=pay |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 28, 2005 |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812141704/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/28/movies/oscars/million-dollar-baby-dominates-oscars.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=697A7169B66FEC4C5C0084E4E3053163&gwt=pay |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[Crash (2004 film)|Crash]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kilday |first1=Gregg |title='Crash' takes best pic in upset |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/crash-takes-best-pic-upset-138262 |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=March 6, 2006 |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812143131/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/crash-takes-best-pic-upset-138262 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[The Departed (film)|The Departed]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kilday |first1=Gregg |title=Scorsese cuffs Oscar; 'Departed' named best pic |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/scorsese-cuffs-oscar-departed-named-130836 |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=February 26, 2007 |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812143624/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/scorsese-cuffs-oscar-departed-named-130836 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[No Country for Old Men (film)|No Country for Old Men]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kilday |first1=Gregg |title='No Country' takes top Oscar honors |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/no-country-takes-top-oscar-105541 |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=February 25, 2008 |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812143007/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/no-country-takes-top-oscar-105541 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kilday |first1=Gregg |title='Slumdog' tops Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/slumdog-tops-oscars-79663 |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=February 22, 2009 |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812143529/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/slumdog-tops-oscars-79663 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[The Hurt Locker]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kilday |first1=Gregg |title='The Hurt Locker' tops Oscars with six |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hurt-locker-tops-oscars-six-21375 |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=March 7, 2010 |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812143232/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hurt-locker-tops-oscars-six-21375 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| '''''Palme d'Or'' winners at the Cannes Film Festival'''
| ''[[Dancer in the Dark]]''<ref>{{cite news |author1=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Dancer's surprise win at Cannes |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/758280.stm |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=May 21, 2000 |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812145302/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/758280.stm |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[The Son's Room]]''<ref>{{cite news |author1=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Italian film wins Palme d'Or |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1341005.stm |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=May 20, 2001 |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812145152/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1341005.stm |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[The Pianist (2002 film)|The Pianist]]''<ref>{{cite news |author1=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Polanski wins Palme d'Or |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/Movies/05/26/cannes.finish/index.html |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[CNN.com]] |publisher=Cable News Network LP, LLLP |date=May 27, 2002 |location=[[Cannes]], France |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812142959/http://edition.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/Movies/05/26/cannes.finish/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[Elephant (2003 film)|Elephant]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mitchell |first1=Elvis |author-link1=Elvis Mitchell |title=CANNES FILM FESTIVAL; Van Sant's 'Elephant' Receives Palme d'Or |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/26/movies/cannes-film-festival-van-sant-s-elephant-receives-palme-d-or.html |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 26, 2003 |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812144315/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/26/movies/cannes-film-festival-van-sant-s-elephant-receives-palme-d-or.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[Fahrenheit 9/11]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Scott |first1=A. O. |author-link1=A. O. Scott |title='Fahrenheit 9/11' Wins Top Prize at Cannes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/22/movies/fahrenheit-911-wins-top-prize-at-cannes.html |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 22, 2004 |location=[[Cannes]], France |archive-date=April 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415131615/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/22/movies/fahrenheit-911-wins-top-prize-at-cannes.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[L'Enfant (film)|L'Enfant]]''<ref>{{cite news |author1=Dargis, Manohla |author2=Scott, A. O. |author-link1=Manohla Dargis |author-link2=A. O. Scott |title=Two Belgians Win Top Prize at Cannes for Second Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/22/world/europe/two-belgians-win-top-prize-at-cannes-for-second-time.html |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 22, 2005 |location=[[Cannes]], France |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812174429/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/22/world/europe/two-belgians-win-top-prize-at-cannes-for-second-time.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[The Wind That Shakes the Barley (film)|The Wind That Shakes the Barley]]''<ref>{{cite news |author1=Dargis, Manohla |author2=Scott, A. O. |author-link1=Manohla Dargis |author-link2=A. O. Scott |title=Ken Loach's 'Wind That Shakes the Barley' Wins Top Prize at Cannes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/29/movies/29cann.html |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 29, 2006 |location=[[Cannes]], France |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812173548/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/29/movies/29cann.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days]]''<ref>{{cite news |author1=Dargis, Manohla |author2=Scott, A. O. |author-link1=Manohla Dargis |author-link2=A. O. Scott |title=In Cannes, a Romanian Takes Home the Fronds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/28/movies/28prix.html |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 28, 2007 |location=[[Cannes]], France |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812173725/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/28/movies/28prix.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[The Class (2008 film)|The Class]]''<ref>{{cite news |author1=Dargis, Manohla |author2=Scott, A. O. |author-link1=Manohla Dargis |author-link2=A. O. Scott |title=At Glittery Cannes, a Gritty Palme d'Or |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/26/movies/26cann.html |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 26, 2008 |location=[[Cannes]], Frances |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812173835/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/26/movies/26cann.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[The White Ribbon]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dargis |first1=Manohla |author-link1=Manohla Dargis |title=Violence Reaps Rewards at Cannes Festival |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/25/movies/25cannes.html |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 24, 2009 |location=[[Cannes]], France |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812174317/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/25/movies/25cannes.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| '''César Award for Best Film winners'''
| ''[[The Taste of Others]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Cesar Awards – French film industry awards Edition 2001 |url=http://en.unifrance.org/festivals-and-markets/620/cesar-awards-french-film-industry-awards/2001 |website=[[UniFrance]] |publisher=UniFrance Film International |access-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812210833/http://en.unifrance.org/festivals-and-markets/620/cesar-awards-french-film-industry-awards/2001 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[Amélie]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Cesar Awards – French film industry awards Edition 2002 |url=http://en.unifrance.org/festivals-and-markets/620/cesar-awards-french-film-industry-awards/2002 |website=[[UniFrance]] |publisher=UniFrance Film International |access-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812173248/http://en.unifrance.org/festivals-and-markets/620/cesar-awards-french-film-industry-awards/2002 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''The Pianist''<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Susman |first1=Gary |title=British, French name ''Pianist'' best picture |url=https://ew.com/article/2003/02/24/british-french-name-pianist-best-picture/ |access-date=August 12, 2017 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=February 24, 2003 |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812211354/http://ew.com/article/2003/02/24/british-french-name-pianist-best-picture/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[The Barbarian Invasions]]''<ref>{{cite news |title=Arcand wins France's top movie prizes |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/arcand-wins-frances-top-movie-prizes/article994399/ |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |date=February 23, 2004 |location=[[Paris]], France |archive-date=September 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901125121/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/arcand-wins-frances-top-movie-prizes/article994399/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[Games of Love and Chance]]''<ref>{{cite news |title=Low-budget French film wins Cesar |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4301563.stm |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=February 27, 2005}}</ref>
| ''[[The Beat That My Heart Skipped]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=James |first1=Alison |title='Heart' beats for Cesars |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/news/heart-beats-for-cesars-1117938899/ |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=February 26, 2006 |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812204706/http://variety.com/2006/film/news/heart-beats-for-cesars-1117938899/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[Lady Chatterley (film)|Lady Chatterley]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Leffler |first1=Rebecca |title='Lady Chatterley' tops French Cesar awards |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lady-chatterley-tops-french-cesar-130807 |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=February 25, 2007 |location=[[Paris, France]] |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812174317/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lady-chatterley-tops-french-cesar-130807 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[The Secret of the Grain]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Leffler |first1=Rebecca |title='Vie en Rose' wins big at Cesars, 'Grain' earns best pic |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/vie-en-rose-wins-big-105486 |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=February 24, 2008 |location=[[Paris]], France |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812174409/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/vie-en-rose-wins-big-105486 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[Séraphine (film)|Séraphine]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Leffler |first1=Rebecca |title=Cesars hail 'Seraphine' best pic |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cesars-hail-seraphine-pic-80014 |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=February 27, 2009 |location=[[Paris]], France |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812174605/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cesars-hail-seraphine-pic-80014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[A Prophet]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Leffler |first1=Rebecca |title='A Prophet' scores nine Cesar Awards |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/prophet-scores-nine-cesar-awards-21149 |access-date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=February 27, 2010 |location=[[Paris]], France |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812174310/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/prophet-scores-nine-cesar-awards-21149 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| '''''Golden Lion'' winners at the Venice Film Festival'''
| ''[[The Circle (2000 film)|The Circle]]''
| ''[[Monsoon Wedding]]''
| ''[[The Magdalene Sisters]]''
| ''[[The Return (2003 film)|The Return]]''
| ''[[Vera Drake]]''
| ''[[Brokeback Mountain]]''
| ''[[Still Life (2006 film)|Still Life]]''
| ''[[Lust, Caution]]''
| ''[[The Wrestler (2008 film)|The Wrestler]]''
| ''[[Lebanon (2009 film)|Lebanon]]''
|-
| '''[[Empire Award for Best Film]]'''
| ''[[Gladiator (2000 film)|Gladiator]]''
| ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''<ref>{{cite journal |title=Empire Awards 2002: Best Film |journal=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |issue=#154 |date=April 2002 |page=56 |publisher=[[Bauer Media Group|Bauer Consumer Media]] |url=http://scrapbook.theonering.net/scrapbook/events/awards/view/3694 |access-date=October 11, 2011 |archive-date=April 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402142203/http://scrapbook.theonering.net/scrapbook/events/awards/view/3694 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.empireonline.com/awards2003/winners/film.asp |title=Best Film |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |publisher=[[Bauer Media Group|Bauer Consumer Media]] |year=2003 |access-date=October 11, 2011 |archive-date=October 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014082213/http://www.empireonline.com/awards2003/winners/film.asp |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.empireonline.com/awards2004/winners/film.asp |title=Best Film |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |publisher=[[Bauer Media Group|Bauer Consumer Media]] |year=2004 |access-date=October 11, 2011 |archive-date=October 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020152210/http://www.empireonline.com/awards2004/winners/film.asp |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[The Bourne Supremacy (film)|The Bourne Supremacy]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.empireonline.com/awards2005/winners/film.asp |title=Best Film |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |publisher=[[Bauer Media Group|Bauer Consumer Media]] |year=2005 |access-date=October 11, 2011 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924041806/http://www.empireonline.com/awards2005/winners/film.asp |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[King Kong (2005 film)|King Kong]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.empireonline.com/awards2006/winners/movie.asp |title=Best Film |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |publisher=[[Bauer Media Group|Bauer Consumer Media]] |year=2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616191517/http://www.empireonline.com/awards2006/winners/movie.asp |archive-date=June 16, 2013}}</ref>
| ''[[Casino Royale (2006 film)|Casino Royale]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.empireonline.com/awards/film.asp |title=Best Film |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |publisher=[[Bauer Media Group|Bauer Consumer Media]] |year=2007 |access-date=October 11, 2011 |archive-date=March 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308142737/http://www.empireonline.com/awards/film.asp |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[The Bourne Ultimatum (film)|The Bourne Ultimatum]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.empireonline.com/awards2008/winners/film.asp |title=Best Film |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |publisher=[[Bauer Media Group|Bauer Consumer Media]] |year=2008 |access-date=October 11, 2011 |archive-date=September 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925112603/http://www.empireonline.com/awards2008/winners/film.asp |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ''[[The Dark Knight]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.empireonline.com/awards2009/winners/film.asp |title=Best Film |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |publisher=[[Bauer Media Group|Bauer Consumer Media]] |year=2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106203739/http://www.empireonline.com/awards2009/winners/film.asp |archive-date=November 6, 2011}}</ref>
| ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Masters |first1=Tim |title=Sci-fi triumphs at Empire awards |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8591899.stm |access-date=July 5, 2018 |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=BBC |date=March 28, 2010 |archive-date=February 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211202855/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8591899.stm |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| '''Best films of the ''Sight & Sound'' annual poll'''
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| ''[[Brokeback Mountain]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=The best films of 2005 |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk//sight-sound-magazine/best-films-of-2005 |website=[[Sight & Sound]] |date=February 27, 2017 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |access-date=August 12, 2017}}</ref>
| ''[[Caché (film)|Caché]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=The Films Of 2006: Top Ten |url=http://old.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/feature/49351 |website=[[Sight & Sound]] |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |access-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812211038/http://old.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/feature/49351 |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| ''[[4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=The films of 2007 |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk//sight-sound-magazine/best-films-2007 |website=[[Sight & Sound]] |date=February 27, 2017 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |access-date=August 12, 2017}}</ref>
| ''[[Hunger (2008 film)|Hunger]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=The films of 2008 |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk//sight-sound-magazine/best-films-2008 |website=[[Sight & Sound]] |date=February 27, 2017 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |access-date=August 12, 2017}}</ref>
| ''[[A Prophet]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=The films of 2009 |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk//sight-sound-magazine/best-films-2009 |website=[[Sight & Sound]] |date=February 27, 2017 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |access-date=August 12, 2017}}</ref>
|}

=== Music ===
{{See also|2000s in music|2000s in the music industry}}
[[File:Dave Grohl (132997591).jpeg|thumb|330x330px|[[Dave Grohl]] of [[Foo Fighters]] performing in 2005. Foo Fighters are widely regarded as one of the most culturally significant [[Rock music|rock]] bands of the 2000s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gordon |first=Jeremy |date=February 1, 2021 |title=Foo Fighters Wanted to Rule Rock. 25 Years Later, They're Still Roaring. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/01/arts/music/foo-fighters-dave-grohl.html |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> The decade saw Foo Fighters win the [[Grammy Award for Best Rock Album]] a record-breaking three times; in 2001, 2004, and 2008.]]
In the 2000s, the Internet allowed consumers unprecedented access to music. The Internet also allowed more artists to distribute music relatively inexpensively and independently without the previously necessary financial support of a record label. Music sales began to decline following the year 2000, a state of affairs generally attributed to unlicensed uploading and downloading of sound files to the Internet, a practice which became more widely prevalent during this time. Business relationships called [[360 deal]]s—an arrangement in which a company provides support for an artist, and, in exchange, the artist pays the company a percentage of revenue earned not only from sales of recorded music, but also live performances and publishing—became a popular response by record labels to the loss of music sales attributed to online copyright infringement.<ref name="usatoday.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2009-12-29-musicdecade29_CV_N.htm |work=USA Today |title=The decade in music: Sales slide, pirates, digital rise |date=December 30, 2009 |access-date=December 23, 2011 |first1=Edna |last1=Gundersen}}</ref><ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/17/arts/music/new-pop-music-sounds-like-its-predecessors.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all |work=The New York Times |title=The Songs of Now Sound a Lot Like Then |date=July 15, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |first1=Simon |last1=Reyonolds |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614122202/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/17/arts/music/new-pop-music-sounds-like-its-predecessors.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all |archive-date=June 14, 2013}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| image1            = EMINEM rapping Anger management tour 2003 (cropped).jpg
| width1            = 168
| alt1              = Eminel
| caption1          = 
| image2            = Beyonce.jpg
| width2            = 146
| alt2              = Beyoncé
| caption2          = 
| footer_align      = center
| footer            = [[Eminem]] (left) and [[Beyoncé]] were two of the best-selling musical artists and most-culturally significant figures of the decade, pictured here in 2003 and 2007 respectively.
}}

In the 2000s, [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] reached a commercial peak and heavily influenced various aspects of popular culture, dominating the musical landscape of the decade.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page3/story?page=boyd/040818 |first=Todd |last=Boyd |title=They're playing bas-ket-ball |work=ESPN |date=August 19, 2004 |access-date=February 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927203643/http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page3/story?page=boyd%2F040818 |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.spin.com/2009/11/myth-no-4-biggie-tupac-are-hip-hops-pillars/ |website=Spin |title=MYTH No. 4: Biggie & Tupac Are Hip-Hop's Pillars |date=November 9, 2009 |access-date=September 4, 2011 |first1=Jon |last1=Caramanica |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207075950/https://www.spin.com/2009/11/myth-no-4-biggie-tupac-are-hip-hops-pillars// |archive-date=December 7, 2013}}</ref> The best-selling musical artist of the decade was American [[rapping|rapper]] [[Eminem]], who sold 32 million albums. Other popular hip hop artists included [[Jay-Z]], [[Nas]], [[Busta Rhymes]], [[Kanye West]], [[Ludacris]], [[Common (rapper)|Common]], [[Ja Rule]], [[Mos Def]], [[DMX]], [[Missy Elliot]], [[OutKast]], [[Lil Jon]], [[Fat Joe]], [[Cam'ron]], [[Pharrell]], [[Gorillaz]], [[Snoop Dogg]], [[Twista]], [[50 Cent]], [[Nelly]], [[Lil Wayne]], [[T.I.]], [[Young Jeezy]] and [[The Game (rapper)|The Game]]. The genre was diverse stylistically, including subgenres such as [[gangsta rap]] and [[crunk]].

[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] also gained prominence throughout the decade, and included artists such as [[D'Angelo]], [[Aaliyah]], [[Usher (musician)|Usher]], [[Akon]], [[Black Eyed Peas]], [[R. Kelly]], [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Mary J. Blige]], [[Jamie Foxx]], [[Chris Brown]], [[John Legend]] and [[Alicia Keys]].

In [[alternative rock]], the [[garage rock revival]] and [[post-punk revival]] entered the mainstream, with bands such as [[The Strokes]], [[Interpol (band)|Interpol]], [[The Killers]], [[Arctic Monkeys]], [[Bloc Party]], [[Yeah Yeah Yeahs]] and [[The White Stripes]] seeing commercial success. [[Indie rock]] also saw a proliferation in the 2000s with numerous bands experiencing commercial success, including [[Modest Mouse]], [[TV on the Radio]], [[Franz Ferdinand (band)|Franz Ferdinand]], [[Death Cab for Cutie]], [[Arcade Fire]], [[Vampire Weekend]], [[LCD Soundsystem]], [[The Shins]], [[Wilco]], [[Bright Eyes (band)|Bright Eyes]], [[Spoon (band)|Spoon]], [[The Decemberists]], [[Broken Social Scene]], [[Grizzly Bear (band)|Grizzly Bear]] and [[Fleet Foxes]].

Other genres such as [[post-grunge]], [[post-Britpop]], [[nu metal]] and [[metalcore]] also achieved notability during the decade. Popular [[Heavy metal music|metal]] or [[hard rock]] bands consisted of [[Avenged Sevenfold]], [[Bullet for My Valentine]], [[Disturbed (band)|Disturbed]],<ref>{{cite magazine |date=2 June 2016 |title=Disturbed |url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/301014/disturbed/chart?f=305 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620000649/http://www.billboard.com/artist/301014/disturbed/chart?f=305 |archive-date=20 June 2016 |access-date=10 January 2022 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> [[Breaking Benjamin]],<ref>{{cite magazine |date=2 June 2016 |title=Breaking Benjamin |url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/297098/breaking-benjamin/chart?f=376 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729130713/http://www.billboard.com/artist/297098/breaking-benjamin/chart?f=376 |archive-date=29 July 2016 |access-date=10 January 2022 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> [[Linkin Park]], [[Slipknot (band)|Slipknot]], [[Mudvayne]], [[Tenacious D]], [[Incubus (band)|Incubus]], [[System of a Down]], [[Mastodon (band)|Mastodon]], [[The Mars Volta]], [[Foo Fighters]], [[Queens of the Stone Age]], [[Three Days Grace]], [[Godsmack]], [[Shinedown]], [[Limp Bizkit]], [[Killswitch Engage]], [[Evanescence]], [[Tool (band)|Tool]], [[Deftones]], [[Opeth]], and [[Seether]].

[[Pop-punk]] and [[emo-pop]] became popular in the decade, with bands like [[Blink-182]], [[The Offspring]], [[Green Day]], [[Good Charlotte]], [[My Chemical Romance]], [[Fall Out Boy]] and [[Panic! at the Disco]].<ref>{{cite web |title=JS Online: Punk's Offspring is aging well |url=http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=193947 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513171703/http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=193947 |archive-date=May 13, 2007 |access-date=April 1, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Fall out boy">{{cite web |last=Loftus |first=Johnny |title=Fall Out Boy |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/fall-out-boy-p533936 |access-date=10 June 2011 |work=[[AllMusic]] |publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |date=December 9, 2009 |title=100 Best Songs of the Decade: #68–65 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/31248926/100_best_songs_of_the_decade/9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213004922/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/31248926/100_best_songs_of_the_decade/9 |archive-date=December 13, 2009 |access-date=December 10, 2009 |magazine=Rolling Stone}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |date=December 9, 2009 |title=100 Best Songs of the Decade: #48–45 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/31248926/100_best_songs_of_the_decade/14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213004739/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/31248926/100_best_songs_of_the_decade/14 |archive-date=December 13, 2009 |access-date=December 10, 2009 |magazine=Rolling Stone}}</ref>

In the early and mid 2000s, disco-inspired dance genres became popular; [[french house]] and [[funky house]] songs broke into the charts.<ref name="dangminds">{{Cite web |title=Every summer is 'The Summer Of Disco': Your essential 'Nu-Disco' primer (part one) |url=https://dangerousminds.net/comments/every_summer_is_the_summer_of_disco_your_essential_nu_disco_primer_part_one |date=2013-06-04 |website=DangerousMinds |access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref> Popular tracks such as [[Daft Punk]]'s "[[One More Time (Daft Punk song)|One More Time]]" [[Fonzerelli]]'s "[[Moonlight Party]]", [[Kylie Minogue]]'s "[[Spinning Around]]", [[Jamiroquai]]'s "[[Little L]]", [[Michael Gray (DJ)|Michael Gray]]'s "[[The Weekend (Michael Gray song)|The Weekend]]" and [[Freemasons (band)|Freemasons]] "[[Love on My Mind (Freemasons song)|Love on My Mind]]".

For Latin music [[Shakira]] dominated the charts with ''[[Fijación Oral, Vol. 1]]'' being the 2nd best-selling Spanish album of all-time and the best-selling Spanish album of the 2000s being 11× platinum to date.

[[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']] magazine named Eminem as the "artist of the decade" with the best performance on the Billboard charts<ref>{{Cite magazine |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2009-12-14 |title=Eminem is Top Artist in Decade-End Charts; Neil Diamond Animates 'Chanukah' |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/eminem-is-top-artist-in-decade-end-charts-neil-diamond-animates-266394/ |access-date=2022-02-21 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref>{{Refn|''Billboard'' awards are based on album and digital songs sales, radio airplay, streaming, touring and social engagement.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://www.billboardmusicawards.com/about/ |access-date=2022-02-21 |website=Billboard Music Awards |language=en}}</ref>|group=note|name=billboard}} and [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]] as the "female artist of the decade", with [[Nickelback]] as the "band of the decade".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nationalpost.com/story.html?id=2330688 |title=Nickelback: 'Band of the decade', according to Billboard |work=National Post |location=Canada |date=December 11, 2009 |access-date=February 14, 2012}}{{dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rttnews.com/ArticleView.aspx?Id=1157694&SMap=1 |title=Beyoncé And Eminem Top Billboard Artists Of Decade |publisher=RTTnews.com |date=December 15, 2009 |access-date=February 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001210020/http://www.rttnews.com/ArticleView.aspx?Id=1157694&SMap=1 |archive-date=October 1, 2011}}</ref> In the UK, the biggest selling artist of the decade was [[Robbie Williams]] and the biggest selling band of the decade was [[Westlife]].

On August 25, 2001, [[Aaliyah]] Haughton – a recording artist, dancer, actress and model – as well as eight others onboard [[2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash|were killed in an airplane crash]] in [[The Bahamas]] after filming the music video for the single "[[Rock the Boat (Aaliyah song)|Rock the Boat]]". On November 29, 2001, [[George Harrison]] – best known as a member of [[the Beatles]], one of the most popular bands in history – died of lung cancer at the age of 58. On April 25, 2002, [[Lisa Lopes]] (aka Left Eye) – a rapper, dancer and singer-songwriter best known as a member of the [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]/[[hip hop music|hip hop]] girl group [[TLC (group)|TLC]] – was killed in a car crash in [[La Ceiba]], [[Honduras]]. On October 30, 2002, [[Jason William Mizell]] (aka Jam Master Jay) – a member of the pioneering [[hip hop music|hip hop]] group [[Run-D.M.C]] – was shot and killed in a [[Merrick Boulevard]] recording studio in [[Jamaica, Queens]]. On December 25, 2006, [[James Brown]] – a recording artist known as the "Godfather of Soul" – died of pneumonia at the age of 73. On September 12, 2003, [[Johnny Cash]] – a [[country musician]] known as the "Man in Black" – died of diabetes at the age of 71. On June 10, 2004, [[Ray Charles]] – one of the pioneers of [[soul music]] – died of liver failure at the age of 73. On June 25, 2009, recording artist and dancer [[Michael Jackson]] – one of the highest-selling musicians of all time – [[Death of Michael Jackson|died of a drug overdose]], creating the [[Michael Jackson memorial service|largest global public mourning]] since the [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|death]] of [[Diana, Princess of Wales]] in 1997.<ref name="Allen">Allen, Nick. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/michael-jackson/5771156/Michael-Jackson-memorial-service-the-biggest-celebrity-send-off-of-all-time.html "Michael Jackson memorial service: the biggest celebrity send-off of all time"]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', July 7, 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409064400/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/michael-jackson/5771156/Michael-Jackson-memorial-service-the-biggest-celebrity-send-off-of-all-time.html|date=April 9, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="Scott">Scott, Jeffry. [http://www.accessatlanta.com/services/content/entertainment/stories/2009/07/08/jackson_funeral_ratings.html?cxtype=rss&cxsvc=7&cxcat=4 "Jackson memorial second most-watched in TV history"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224073906/http://www.accessatlanta.com/services/content/entertainment/stories/2009/07/08/jackson_funeral_ratings.html?cxtype=rss&cxsvc=7&cxcat=4|date=February 24, 2012 }}. ''[[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]]'', July 8, 2009.</ref><ref name="Hinckley">Hinckley, David and Richard Huff.
[http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/michael_jackson/2009/07/08/2009-07-08_michael_jacksons_memorial_2nd_mostwatched_funeral_ever_after_princess_di_say_nie.html "Michael Jackson's memorial 2nd most-watched funeral ever, after Princess Di, say Nielsen ratings"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828131632/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/michael_jackson/2009/07/08/2009-07-08_michael_jacksons_memorial_2nd_mostwatched_funeral_ever_after_princess_di_say_nie.html |date=August 28, 2009 }}. ''[[Daily News (New York)|New York Daily News]]'', July 8, 2009.{{cite web |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/michael-jackson-memorial-2nd-most-watched-funeral-princess-di-nielsen-ratings-article-1.428177 |title=Michael Jackson's memorial 2nd most-watched funeral ever, after Princess Di, say Nielsen ratings |website=[[New York Daily News]] |date=July 8, 2009 |access-date=May 31, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625030534/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/michael-jackson-memorial-2nd-most-watched-funeral-princess-di-nielsen-ratings-article-1.428177 |archive-date=June 25, 2016}}</ref> Other notable deaths of musical artists in the 2000s were [[Joey Ramone]] and [[Chet Atkins]] in 2001, [[Waylon Jennings]] in 2002, [[Maurice Gibb]] and [[Elliott Smith]] in 2003, [[Rick James]] and [[Ol' Dirty Bastard]] in 2004, [[J Dilla]] in 2006, [[Ike Turner]] and [[Dan Fogelberg]] in 2007, and [[Les Paul]] in 2009.

In 2002, [[Robbie Williams]] signed a record-breaking £80&nbsp;million contract with [[EMI]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Robbie signs '£80m' deal |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2291605.stm |work=BBC News |date=October 2, 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506101550/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2291605.stm |archive-date=May 6, 2008}}</ref> So far it is the biggest music deal in British history.

The 2000s gave rise to a new trend in music production with the growing use of [[auto-tune]]. The effect was first popularized in the early 2000s by [[Eiffel 65]] with their 1998 hit song "[[Blue (Da Ba Dee)]]", which came to global prominence in 2000. It was also used in certain tracks off critically acclaimed 2001 albums from [[Daft Punk]] (with ''[[Discovery (Daft Punk album)|Discovery]]'') and [[Radiohead]] (with ''[[Amnesiac (album)|Amnesiac]]'').<ref name="nytimes.com" /> By 2008, auto-tune was part of the music mainstream with artists such as [[Lil Wayne]], [[T-Pain]] and [[Kanye West]] utilizing it in their hit albums ''[[Tha Carter III]]'', ''[[Three Ringz]]'' and ''[[808s & Heartbreak]]'' respectively. Towards the end of the decade, electronic dance music began to dominate western charts (as it would proceed to in the following decade), and in turn helped contribute to a diminishing amount of rock music in the mainstream.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/09/23/showbiz/music/nirvana-nevermind/index.html |title='Nevermind,' never again? |work=CNN |date=September 23, 2011 |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102005827/http://www.cnn.com/2011/09/23/showbiz/music/nirvana-nevermind/index.html |archive-date=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/5978573/La-Roux-Lady-Gaga-Mika-Little-Boots-the-80s-are-back.html |location=London |work=The Daily Telegraph |first=Neil |last=McCormick |title=La Roux, Lady Gaga, Mika, Little Boots: the 80s are back |date=August 5, 2009 |url-status=live |access-date=February 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027012310/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/5978573/La-Roux-Lady-Gaga-Mika-Little-Boots-the-80s-are-back.html |archive-date=October 27, 2013}}</ref> [[Hip hop music]] also saw a decline in the mainstream in the late 2000s because of electronic music's rising popularity.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2009/nov/26/notes-noughties-hip-hop |work=The Guardian |location=London |title=Simon Reynolds's Notes on the noughties: When will hip-hop hurry up and die? |date=November 26, 2009 |first1=Simon |last1=Reynolds |url-status=live |access-date=February 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411211603/http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/musicblog/2009/nov/26/notes-noughties-hip-hop |archive-date=April 11, 2012}}</ref>

According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', music styles during the 2000s changed very little from how they were in the latter half of the 1990s.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/dec/06/review-of-the-decade-pop |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |title=Review of the decade: Alexis Petridis on pop |date=December 7, 2009 |access-date=April 21, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423172215/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/dec/06/review-of-the-decade-pop |archive-date=April 23, 2010}}</ref> The 2000s had a profound impact on the condition of [[Digital distribution|music distribution]]. Recent advents in digital technology have fundamentally altered industry and marketing practices as well as players in unusual rapidity.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/techtime/200304/sites_angel.html |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |title=TECH TIME: Sound Advice – Too Legit |date=July 4, 2003 |access-date=April 21, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100903092816/http://www.time.com/time/techtime/200304/sites_angel.html |archive-date=September 3, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/04/arts/music/04nine.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Nine Inch Nails Fashions Innovative Web Pricing Plan |first=Jeff |last=Leeds |date=March 4, 2008 |access-date=April 21, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117021841/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/04/arts/music/04nine.html |archive-date=January 17, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url={{BillboardURLbyName |artist=nine inch nails |bio=true}} |title=Nine Inch Nails |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=May 17, 1965 |access-date=February 14, 2012}}</ref> According to Nielsen Soundscan, by 2009 CDs accounted for 79 percent of album sales, with 20 percent coming from digital, representing both a 10 percent drop and gain for both formats in 2 years.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SHOWBIZ/Music/07/19/cd.digital.sales/index.html |work=[[CNN]] |title=Is the death of the CD looming? |date=July 20, 2010 |access-date=November 3, 2011 |first1=Lisa |last1=France |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918005119/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SHOWBIZ/Music/07/19/cd.digital.sales/index.html |archive-date=September 18, 2013}}</ref>

[[Grime (music)|Grime]] is a style of music that emerged from Bow, [[East London]], [[England]] in the early 2000s, primarily as a development of UK garage, [[drum & bass]], [[hip hop music|hip hop]] and dancehall. Pioneers of the style include English rappers [[Dizzee Rascal]], Wiley, [[Roll Deep]] and [[Skepta]].

Michael Jackson's final album, ''[[Invincible (Michael Jackson album)|Invincible]]'', released on October 30, 2001, and costing $30m to record, was the most expensive record ever made.<ref>{{cite news |last=Branigan |first=Tania |title=Jackson spends £20m to be Invincible |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/sep/08/taniabranigan |access-date=February 16, 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=September 8, 2001 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116044622/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2001/sep/08/taniabranigan |archive-date=January 16, 2013}}</ref>

The end of the 2000s decade also saw the dramatic rise of new pop stars such as [[Rihanna]], [[Taylor Swift]], [[Justin Bieber]], [[Katy Perry]], [[Nicki Minaj]] and [[Lady Gaga]], all of whom would go on to become some of the best-selling musicians in history.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eventbrite.com/e/y2k-disco-taylor-swift-justin-bieber-2000s-pop-at-dreamland-tickets-153832024727|title=Y2K Disco - Taylor Swift, Justin Bieber + 2000s Pop at Dreamland|website=Eventbrite}}</ref>

The general socio-political fallout of [[Iraq War]] also extended to popular music. In July 2002, the release of English musician [[George Michael]]'s song "[[Shoot the Dog]]" proved to be controversial. It was critical of [[George W. Bush]] and [[Tony Blair]] in the lead up to the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]]. The video showed a cartoon version of Michael astride a nuclear missile in the Middle East and Tony and [[Cherie Blair]] in bed with President Bush. The [[Dixie Chicks]] are an American country music band. During a [[London]] concert ten days before the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]], lead vocalist Maines said, "we don't want this war, this violence, and we're ashamed that the President of the United States <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[George W. Bush]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> is from Texas".<ref>Film:Shut up and Sing</ref> The positive reaction to this statement from the British audience contrasted with the [[boycott]]s that ensued in the U.S., where "the band was assaulted by talk-show [[Conservatism in the United States|conservatives]]",<ref name="Toronto" /> while their albums were discarded in public protest.<ref name="Toronto">{{cite news |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/dixie-chicks-shut-sing-toronto-wbna14822593 |title=Dixie Chicks 'Shut Up and Sing' in Toronto |agency=Associated Press |publisher=Today.com |date=September 13, 2006 |access-date=October 8, 2006}}</ref> The original music video for the [[American Life (song)|title song]] from American pop singer [[Madonna]]'s ''[[American Life]]'' album was banned as music television stations thought that the video, featuring violence and war imagery, would be deemed unpatriotic since America was then at [[Iraq War|war with Iraq]]. She also made her widely considered "comeback" album with her tenth studio album [[Confessions on a Dance Floor]] which topped the charts worldwide in a record 40 countries. As of 2016 the album has sold more than 11 million copies worldwide. [[Madonna]] also made history by completing her [[Sticky & Sweet Tour]] which became the highest-grossing tour by a female artist and the [[List of highest-grossing concert tours|tenth highest-grossing tour by an artist]] during 2008–2009.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.ew.com/article/2003/04/01/madonna-pulls-controversial-american-life-video |title=Madonna pulls controversial ''American Life'' video |date=April 1, 2003 |access-date=May 17, 2010 |last=Susman |first=Gary |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328210740/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0%2C%2C439329%2C00.html |archive-date=March 28, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Live8 rome1.jpg|right|thumb|[[Live 8]] concert in [[Rome]], Italy, 2005]]

[[Live 8]] was a string of [[benefit concert]]s that took place on July 2, 2005, in the [[G8]] states and in South Africa. They were timed to precede the G8 conference and [[31st G8 summit|summit]] held at the [[Gleneagles Hotel]] in [[Auchterarder]], Scotland from July 6 to 8, 2005; they also coincided with the 20th anniversary of [[Live Aid]]. Run in support of the aims of the UK's [[Make Poverty History]] campaign and the Global Call for Action Against Poverty, ten simultaneous concerts were held on July 2 and one on July 6. On July 7, the G8 leaders pledged to double 2004 levels of aid to poor nations from US$25 billion to US$50&nbsp;billion by the year 2010. Half of the money was to go to Africa. More than 1,000 musicians performed at the concerts, which were broadcast on 182 television networks and 2,000 radio networks.<ref name="yahoo1">{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/cpress/20050623/ca_pr_on_en/music_live_8_cda_10 |title=Yahoo News – Latest News & Headlines |access-date=November 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105225825/https://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=%2Fcpress%2F20050623%2Fca_pr_on_en%2Fmusic_live_8_cda_10 |archive-date=November 5, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In November 2006, the [[Rolling Stones]]' '[[A Bigger Bang]]' tour was declared the highest-grossing tour of all time, earning $437 million.

In December 2009, a campaign was launched on [[Facebook]] by [[Jon and Tracy Morter]], from [[South Woodham Ferrers]], which generated publicity in the UK and took the 1992 [[Rage Against the Machine]] track "[[Killing in the Name]]" to the [[Christmas Number One]] slot in the [[UK Singles Chart]], which had been occupied the four consecutive years from 2005 by winners from the TV show [[The X Factor (British TV series)|The X Factor]]. Rage's [[Zack de la Rocha]] spoke to [[BBC One]] upon hearing the news, stating that:

"...We want to thank everyone that participated in this incredible, organic, grass-roots campaign. It says more about the spontaneous action taken by young people throughout the UK to topple this very sterile pop monopoly."

During the late 2000s, a new wave of [[chiptune]] culture took place. This new culture has much more emphasis on live performances and record releases than the demoscene and tracker culture, of which the new artists are often only distantly aware.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Yabsley |first=Alex |year=2007 |url=http://www.tomgilmore.com.au/dotay/Thesis.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229150415/http://www.tomgilmore.com.au/dotay/Thesis.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 29, 2009 |title=The Sound of Playing: A Study into the Music and Culture of Chiptunes |place=South Brisbane |publisher=Queensland Conservatorium, Griffith University}}</ref> Much of 2000s hip hop was characterized as the "[[Bling-bling|bling era]]", following the success of [[B.G. (rapper)|B.G.]]'s 1999 single [[Bling Bling (song)|Bling Bling]], referring to forms of opulence and the material commodities that were popular from the early-to-mid part of the decade in [[hip-hop culture]].<ref>Del Cowie, [https://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/bling-bling-from-lil-wayne-to-merriam-webster-1.4102195 {{"'}}Bling bling': from Lil Wayne to Merriam-Webster"]. [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]. May 9, 2017.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MTV: Bling Bling – Advertisement |url=http://creativity-online.com/work/mtv-bling-bling/10129 |date=July 13, 2004 |website=MTV |publisher=Creativity Online |access-date=March 24, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bubbles and bling |url=http://www.economist.com/node/6905921 |newspaper=The Economist |date=May 8, 2006 |access-date=March 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903051456/http://www.economist.com/node/6905921 |archive-date=September 3, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> However, by the end of the decade, an antecedent [[emo rap|emotional rap]] subgenre gained prominence, with musical projects like [[Kanye West]]'s fourth studio album ''[[808s & Heartbreak]]'' (2008), [[Kid Cudi]]'s debut album ''[[Man on the Moon: The End of Day]]'' (2009), and [[Drake (musician)|Drake]]'s career catalyzing mixtape ''[[So Far Gone (mixtape)|So Far Gone]]'' (2009) garnering significant popularity and ushering in a new era of hip hop.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/kanye-west-the-college-dropout-changed-hip-hop/ |title=How Kanye West Changed Hip-Hop Forever with 'The College Dropout' |date=February 11, 2019}}</ref>

==== Reunions ====
The original five members of the English [[New wave music|new wave]] band [[Duran Duran]] reunited in the early 2000s.

On February 23, 2003, [[Simon and Garfunkel]] reunited to perform in public for the first time in a decade, singing "The Sound of Silence" as the opening act of the [[Grammy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Teather |first=David |title=Simon and Garfunkel Break sound of silence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/sep/11/arts.artsnews |work=Guardian.co.uk |date=September 11, 2003 |publisher=Guardian |access-date=September 11, 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107185533/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/sep/11/arts.artsnews |archive-date=January 7, 2014}}</ref>

On May 9, 2006, British five-piece vocal pop [[Take That]] returned to the recorded music scene after more than ten years of absence, signing with [[Polydor Records]]. The band's comeback album, ''[[Beautiful World (Take That album)|Beautiful World]]'', entered the UK album chart at no. 1.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Anon |title=Take That, Westlife Ascend To No. 1 On U.K. Charts |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/56572/take-that-westlife-ascend-to-no-1-on-uk-charts |magazine=Billboard |date=November 27, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603024952/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/56572/take-that-westlife-ascend-to-no-1-on-uk-charts |archive-date=June 3, 2013}}</ref>

On December 10, 2007, English rock band [[Led Zeppelin]] reunited for the one-off Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert at [[The O2 Arena]] in London. According to Guinness World Records 2009, Led Zeppelin set the world record for the "Highest Demand for Tickets for One Music Concert" as 20 million requests for the reunion show were rendered online.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guinness 2010 entertainment winners |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/entertainment-news/guinness-2010-entertainment-winners-3313600 |work=TVNZ |access-date=December 17, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113081939/http://tvnz.co.nz/entertainment-news/guinness-2010-entertainment-winners-3313600 |archive-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref>

=== Internet ===
* Prominent websites and apps launched during the decade were [[Wikipedia]] (2001), [[Google Earth]] (2001), [[Internet Archive]] (2001), [[iTunes]] (2001), [[MySpace]] (2003), [[4chan]] (2003), [[Facebook]] (2004), [[Flickr]] (2004), [[Mozilla Firefox]] (2004), [[YouTube]] (2005), [[Google Maps]] (2005), [[Reddit]] (2005), [[Twitter]] (2006), [[Pornhub]] (2007), [[Google Chrome]] (2008), [[Spotify]] (2008), [[Waze]] (2009).
* [[Wisdom of the crowd]] – during the decade, the benefits of the "Wisdom of the crowd" are pushed into the spotlight by social information sites such as [[Wikipedia]], [[Yahoo! Answers]], [[Reddit]] and other web resources that rely on human opinion.<ref>Baase, Sara (2007). ''A Gift of Fire: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues for Computing and the Internet''. 3rd edition. Prentice Hall. pp. 351–357. {{ISBN|0-13-600848-8}}.</ref>

In early 2001, [[Wikipedia]] was launched, which quickly became the largest and most popular online encyclopedia, and one of the most viewed sites on the web. In 2003, the first beta version of the [[Skype]] telephony software was launched. By the end of the decade, Skype will have over 600 million users. In 2004, the social network [[Facebook]] was launched. By the end of the decade, the site will be ranked 7th in its popularity on the web, and will have over 350 million active users worldwide. Co-founder [[Mark Zuckerberg]] pictured above in the site's infancy. [[YouTube]] was launched in 2005 and it quickly became the main site for video sharing,
[[MySpace]] was one of the most popular social media sites in the 2000s but declined after the popularity of Facebook in 2008. Facebook launched in 2004. In 2008, Facebook surpassed MySpace as the most used social network. Facebook was mostly used by college students. [[Twitter]] was founded in 2006, and by 2009, moved up to the third-highest-ranking social networking site. [[WhatsApp]], founded in 2009, rose to success and was eventually purchased by Facebook in the next decade.

In 2005, comedian and actor [[Ricky Gervais]], along with colleagues [[Stephen Merchant]] and [[Karl Pilkington]], created and hosted a series of [[Podcast|podcasts]] titled ''[[The Ricky Gervais Show#Podcasts and audiobooks|The Ricky Gervais Show]]'', becoming one of, if not, the most successful podcast series and earning a place in the [[Guinness World Records]] in 2006 for the "most downloaded podcast". It was such a success, it was later turned into [[The Ricky Gervais Show (TV series)|animated series of the same name]] in 2010, airing on both [[HBO]] in the U.S. and [[Channel 4]] in the UK.

=== Fashion ===
{{Main|2000s in fashion}}
[[File:Paris Hilton at Sundance Film Festival 2008.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Paris Hilton]] was a fashion icon of the 2000s.]]
[[File:Mtdew.png|thumb|150px|[[Mountain Dew]] bottles and cans from the 2000s decade, c. 2007  ]]

Fashion trends of the decade drew much inspiration from 1960s, 1970s and 1980s styles. Hair styles included the bleached and [[spiky hair|spiked hair]] for boys and men and [[Long hair|long]] and straight hair for girls and women continued, as well as other hairstyles from the mid-late 1990s. [[Kelly Clarkson]] made chunky highlights fashionable in 2002 on [[American Idol]] and lasted until about 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-06 |title=Yes, Chunky Highlights Are Cool Again |url=https://www.glamour.com/story/chunky-highlights-hair-ideas |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=Glamour |language=en-US}}</ref> Both women and men highlighted their hair until the late 2000s.<ref name="2000sBeautyTrends">{{cite web |url=http://www.bellasugar.com/Beauty-Trends-2000s-6684357#photo-6712386 |title=Beauty Trends of the 2000s |access-date=August 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413171531/http://www.bellasugar.com/Beauty-Trends-2000s-6684357#photo-6712386 |archive-date=April 13, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The decade started with the futuristic Y2K fashion which was built on hype surrounding the new millennium. This dark, slinky style remained popular until 9/11 occurred and casual fashions had made a comeback once again.<ref>{{cite web |last=Brillson |first=Leila |url=http://www.refinery29.com/millennial-trends#page-2 |title=Millennial Trends – Clothing Popular in the 2000s |publisher=refinery29.com |date=February 26, 2013 |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> [[Low-rise pants|Low rise pants]] were the go-to for women in the early to mid 2000s. Baggy [[cargo pants]] were extremely popular among both sexes<ref>{{cite web |url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2003/Jan/24/il/il01a.html |title=Lookin' good in cargo pants |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> throughout the early and mid 2000s until about late 2007. [[Bell-bottoms]] were the dominant pant style for women until about 2006 when fitted pants began rising in popularity.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2011254_2014381_2014372,00.html |title=Skinny Jean |magazine=Time |date=December 20, 2006 |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> The late 1990s-style [[Wide leg jeans|baggy pants]] remained popular throughout the early 2000s, but by 2003 boot-cut pants and jeans became the standard among men<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/fashion_costume_culture/Modern-World-1980-2003/Baggy-Jeans.html |title=Baggy Jeans |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> until about 2008.

The 2000s saw a revival of 1980s fashion trends such as velour [[tracksuit]]s in the early 2000s (an early 1980s fashion), and tapered pants in the later years (a late 1980s fashion). [[Slim-fit pants|Skinny jeans]] became a staple clothing for young women and men. By 2009 with the [[Jerkin']] movement playing a large part in the popularization of skinny jeans. Mass brands [[Gap (clothing retailer)|Gap]] and [[Levi]] launched their own lines for skinny jeans.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124683780090998061 |title=Tight Squeeze: Making Room For a New Men's Fashion |last=Smith |first=Ray A. |date=July 6, 2009 |work=The Wall Street Journal |location=New York |access-date=November 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604044903/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124683780090998061.html |archive-date=June 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimesmagazine.com/2010/06/jerkin-jeneration.html |title=Jerkin' Jeneration |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=May 31, 2014}}</ref>

Throughout the early and mid 2000s, adults and children wore [[Skechers]] shoes.<ref name="SkechersAds">{{cite web |url=http://www.bwgreyscale.com/ads/skechers_sport.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040911164933/http://www.bwgreyscale.com/ads/skechers_sport.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2004 |title=Skechers Sport Advertisements |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> The company used celebrities to their advantage, including [[Britney Spears]], [[Christina Aguilera]], [[Carrie Underwood]], and [[Ashlee Simpson]].<ref name="SkechersAds" /> By the late 2000s, flatter and more compact shoes came into style as chunky sneakers were no longer the mode.

"[[Geek]] chic" refers to a minor fashion trend that arose in the mid-2000s in which young individuals adopted stereotypically "geeky" fashions, such as oversized black [[Horn-rimmed glasses]], [[suspenders]]/[[Braces (clothing)|braces]], and [[three quarter pants|highwater trousers]]. The glasses—worn with non-prescription lenses or [[lensless glasses|without lenses]]—quickly became the defining aspect of the trend, with the media identifying various celebrities as "trying geek" or "going geek" for their wearing such glasses, such as [[David Beckham]],<ref>{{cite journal |id={{ProQuest|228109028}} |last1=Vincent |first1=John |last2=Hill |first2=John S |last3=Lee |first3=Jason W |title=The Multiple Brand Personalities of David Beckham: A Case Study of the Beckham Brand |journal=Sport Marketing Quarterly |volume=18 |issue=3 |date=September 2009 |pages=173–180}}</ref> [[Justin Timberlake]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Keogh |first=Brendan |title=Hackers, gamers and cyborgs |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/ielapa.258201213140608 |journal=Overland |date=December 24, 2020 |issue=218 |pages=17–22 |oclc=7128481787}}</ref> and [[Myleene Klass]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://uk.stylelist.com/2010/08/31/hot-or-not-myleene-klass-does-geek-chic-in-spectacles/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922120117/http://uk.stylelist.com/2010/08/31/hot-or-not-myleene-klass-does-geek-chic-in-spectacles/ |url-status=dead |title=Yahoo |archive-date=September 22, 2010 |website=uk.stylelist.com}}</ref> Meanwhile, in the sports world, many [[NBA]] players wore "geek glasses" during [[Post-game show|post-game interviews]], drawing comparisons to [[Steve Urkel]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2V0330Drfkk |title=Whacky NBA Playoff Fashion! |date=May 29, 2012 |publisher=YouTube |access-date=June 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221160729/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2V0330Drfkk |archive-date=February 21, 2014}}</ref><ref name="wsj-nba">{{cite news |last=Cacciola |first=Scott |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303822204577466402604980564?mod=WSJ_article_MoreIn_TheA-Hed |title=NBA Finals: LeBron James, Dwyane Wade and Other Fashion Plates of the NBA Make Specs of Themselves – WSJ.com |publisher=Online.wsj.com |date=June 14, 2012 |access-date=June 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922081154/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303822204577466402604980564.html?mod=WSJ_article_MoreIn_TheA-Hed |archive-date=September 22, 2013}}</ref>

[[Emo]] fashion became popular amongst teenagers for most of the 2000s, associated with the success of bands tied to the subculture (many of whom started at the beginning of the 2000s and rose to fame during the middle part of the decade, such as [[Brand New (band)|Brand New]], [[The Used]], [[Hawthorne Heights]], [[My Chemical Romance]], [[Fall Out Boy]], [[Paramore]], [[Panic! at the Disco]] and more). The style is commonly identified with wearing black/dark coloured skinny jeans, T-shirts bearing the name of emo music groups and long side-swept bangs, often covering one or both eyes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.soemo.co.uk/emo%20fashion.php |title=Emo Scene Fashion Including Emo Hair, Clothing, Makeup & Accessories |publisher=Soemo.co.uk |access-date=February 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224221226/http://www.soemo.co.uk/emo%20fashion.php |archive-date=February 24, 2014}}</ref> The [[Scene (subculture)|Scene subculture]] that emerged in the mid-late 2000s drew much inspiration from Emo style.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/national/scene-kids-are-like-so-not-wannabe-emos/2008/03/29/1206207488553.html |title=Inside the clash of the teen subcultures |work=smh.com.au |date=March 30, 2008}}</ref>

[[Hip hop fashion]] was popular throughout the 2000s with clothing and shoe brands such as [[Rocawear]], [[Phat Farm]], [[G-Unit]] clothing, [[Billionaire Boys Club (clothing retailer)|Billionaire Boys Club]], [[Dipset]] clothing, [[Pelle Pelle]], [[A Bathing Ape|BAPE]], [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]], [[Fubu]], and [[Air Jordan]]. Followers of Hip Hop wore oversized shorts, jewelry, NFL and NBA jerseys, pants, and T-shirts. By the late 2000s this gave way more to fitted and vibrantly colored clothing, with men wearing skinny jeans as influenced by the [[Hyphy]] and [[Jerkin']] movements.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hip-Hop's New Steps |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/22/fashion/22jerking.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |date=June 4, 2014}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=June 2014}}

In cosmetic applications, a Botox injection, consisting of a small dose of [[Botulinum toxin]], can be used to prevent development of [[wrinkles]] by paralyzing [[facial muscles]].<ref name="bcm">{{cite web |title=Botox for Wrinkles |url=https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/aesthetics/face-neck/botox-for-wrinkles |work=Baylor College of Medicine}}</ref> As of 2007, it is the most common cosmetic operation, with 4.6 million procedures in the United States, according to the [[American Society of Plastic Surgeons]].

<gallery widths="190" perrow="5">
File:Hüfthose.jpg|Caps with [[crop tops]] and [[low-rise pants]] were popular as women's wear throughout the early and mid 2000s
File:Emo-hairstyle.jpg|Typical 2000s [[emo]] hairstyle
File:K. West (cropped).jpg|[[Cardigan (sweater)|Cardigans]] regained popularity in the later part of the decade, worn here by [[Kanye West]] in 2007
File:Aaliyah-11-mika.jpg|Bandanas, large hoop earrings and wireframe rectangle sunglasses were fashion trends in the early-2000s, as modeled here by R&B artist [[Aaliyah]] in 2000
File:50 Cent (Cropped).jpg|Durags, snapbacks and polo shirts were popular in the 2000s as men's wear, shown here by rapper [[50 Cent]] in 2006
File:Truckerhat.jpg|[[Trucker hat]]s became popular in the early-to-mid 2000s
File:Jared Leto - 66ème Festival de Venise.jpg|[[Jared Leto]] wearing slim-fit formal wear, popular from 2008 onwards
File:Sportskor. Grå sko från Dockers och röd sko från Lipstick, hösten 2000 - Nordiska Museet - NMA.0034894.jpg|Chunky [[sneakers]] of the early 2000s
</gallery>

=== Journalism ===
* "It was, we were soon told, 'the day that changed everything', the 21st century's defining moment, the watershed by which we would forever divide world history: before, and after, 9/11." ~ ''[[The Guardian]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Henley |first=Jon |title=Was 9/11 really the day that changed the world for ever? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/09/9-11-changed-world-forever |quote=It was, we were soon told, "the day that changed everything", the 21st century's defining moment, the watershed by which we would forever |access-date=February 25, 2013 |location=London |date=September 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013074730/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/sep/09/9-11-changed-world-forever |archive-date=October 13, 2012}}</ref>
* The [[BBC]]'s foreign correspondent [[John Simpson (journalist)|John Simpson]] on [[Rupert Murdoch]] (March 15, 2010): {{blockquote|I do think that he and the newspapers he's run have introduced an uglier side, an abusive side, into journalism and life in general in this country.}} He says this Murdochisation of national discourse, which was at its height in the UK with ''The Sun'' in the 1980s, has now migrated to the US. "Murdoch encouraged an ugly tone, which he has now imported into the US and which we see every day on [[Fox News]], with all its concomitant effects on American public life – that fierce hostility between right and left that never used to be there, not to anything remotely like the same extent."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Moss |first1=Stephen |title=John Simpson: 'I'm very pessimistic about the future of the BBC' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/mar/15/john-simpson-bbc-murdoch-journalism |work=The Guardian |date=15 March 2010}}</ref>
* October 2001, Canadian author and social activist known for her political analyses [[Naomi Klein]]'s book titled ''[[Fences and Windows]]'': {{blockquote|On September 11, [2001] watching TV replays of the buildings exploding over and over again in New York and Washington, I couldn't help thinking about all the times media coverage has protected us from similar horrors elsewhere. During the [[Gulf War]], for instance, we didn't see real buildings exploding or people fleeing, we saw a sterile Space Invader battlefield, a bomb's-eye view of concrete targets – there and then none. Who was in those abstract polygons? We never found out.<ref>{{cite book |last=KLEIN |first=NAOMI |title=FENCES AND WINDOWS |year=2002 |publisher=Flamingo |isbn=978-0-00-715047-2 |page=165}}</ref>}}
* May 15, 2003, [[Fox News Channel]]'s (which grew during the late 1990s and 2000s to become the dominant [[cable news]] network in the United States.<ref>Gillette, Felix (October 1, 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20081003183854/http://www.observer.com/2008/media/viewers-continuing-flock-cable-news-networks "Viewers Continuing to Flock to Cable News Networks"]. ''The New York Observer''.</ref>) political commentator [[Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)|Bill O'Reilly]]'s "The Talking Points Memo", from his [[The O'Reilly Factor]] television [[talk show]]: {{blockquote|So, Talking Points urges the Pentagon to stop the P.R. dance and impose strict rules of conduct for the Iraqi people to follow. Law-abiding Iraqis want that. It's only the gangsters and the fanatics who don't. Shoot looters to kill, and aim well.<br />And that's ''The Memo''.<ref>{{cite news |last=O'Reilly |first=Bill |author-link=Bill O'Reilly (political commentator) |title=Shoot to Kill |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,86967,00.html |work=Fox News Network, LLC |date=15 May 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524090610/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C86967%2C00.html |archive-date=24 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
* A poll released in 2004, by the [[Pew Research Center]] for the People and the Press, found that 21 percent of people aged 18 to 29 cited ''[[The Daily Show]]'' (an American late night satirical television program airing each Monday through Thursday) and ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' (an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show) as a place where they regularly learned presidential campaign news. By contrast, 23 percent of the young people mentioned [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], [[CBS]] or [[NBC]]'s nightly news broadcasts as a source. When the same question was asked in 2000, Pew found only 9 percent of young people pointing to the comedy shows, and 39 percent to the network news shows. One newspaper, ''[[Newsday]]'', has ''<nowiki>The Daily Show'</nowiki>''s host [[Jon Stewart]], listed atop a list of the 20 media players who will most influence the upcoming presidential campaign. Random conversations with nine people, aged 19 to 26, waiting to see a taping of ''The Daily Show'', revealed two who admitted they learned much about the news from the program. None said they regularly watched the network evening news shows.<ref>{{cite web |title=And now the news: For many young viewers, it's Jon Stewart |url=http://www.today.com/id/4400644/site/todayshow/ns/today-entertainment/t/now-news-many-young-viewers-its-jon-stewart/ |work=NBC News |date=March 2004 |access-date=February 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217071445/http://www.today.com/id/4400644/site/todayshow/ns/today-entertainment/t/now-news-many-young-viewers-its-jon-stewart/ |archive-date=December 17, 2013}}</ref>
* ''[[The Guardian]]'', is a British national daily newspaper. In August 2004, for the [[2004 US presidential election|US presidential election]], ''<nowiki>The Guardian'</nowiki>''s daily "G2" supplement launched an experimental letter-writing campaign in [[Clark County, Ohio]], an average-sized county in a [[swing state]]. G2 editor [[Ian Katz]] bought a voter list from the county for $25 and asked readers to write to people listed as undecided in the election, giving them an impression of the international view and the importance of voting against US President [[George W. Bush]]. The paper scrapped "Operation Clark County" on October 21, 2004, after first publishing a column of complaints from Bush supporters about the campaign under the headline "Dear Limey assholes".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uselections2004/story/0,13918,1329858,00.html |title=Dear Limey assholes |access-date=May 13, 2008 |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=October 18, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228213924/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uselections2004/story/0%2C13918%2C1329858%2C00.html |archive-date=December 28, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The public backlash against the campaign likely contributed to Bush's victory in Clark County.<ref name="bowers">Bowers, Andy. "[http://www.slate.com/id/2109217/ 'Dear Limey Assholes&nbsp;...'/A crazy British plot to swing Ohio to Kerry—and how it backfired.]" ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'', November 4, 2004. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511092638/http://www.slate.com/id/2109217/|date=May 11, 2011 }}</ref>
* March 2005 – Twenty MPs signed a British House of Commons motion condemning the [[BBC]] ''[[Newsnight]]'' presenter [[Jeremy Paxman]] for saying that "a sort of Scottish Raj" was running the UK. Mr Paxman likened the dominance of Scots at [[Westminster]] to past British rule in India.<ref>{{cite news |title=Scots MPs slam Paxman 'Raj' jibe |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4350233.stm |work=BBC |access-date=February 25, 2013 |date=March 15, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812174742/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4350233.stm |archive-date=August 12, 2017}}</ref>
* August 1, 2007 – [[News Corporation (1980–2013)|News Corp.]] and [[Dow Jones & Company|Dow Jones]] entered into a definitive merger agreement. The US$5 billion sale added the largest newspaper in the United States, by circulation ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' to [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s news empire.
* August 30, 2008 – three years before the [[2011 England riots]], ''[[The Socialist Worker]]'' wrote: "Those who have responded to the tragedy of knife crime by calling for police crackdowns ought to take note. The criminalisation of a generation of black youth will undoubtedly lead to explosions of anger in the future, just as it did a generation ago with the riots that swept Britain's inner cities."<ref>{{cite news |last=Prasad, Assaf and Basketter |first=Yuri, Simon and Simon |title=Notting Hill Carnival crackdown targets young black men |url=http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/art.php?id=15831 |newspaper=Socialist Worker |access-date=February 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520233036/http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/art.php?id=15831 |archive-date=May 20, 2013}}</ref>
* [[Ann Coulter]] is an American [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] [[social criticism|social]] and [[political criticism|political]] [[pundit (expert)|commentator]], eight-time best-selling author, [[syndicated columnist]], and lawyer. She frequently appears on television, radio, and as a speaker at public and private events. As the 2008 US presidential campaign was getting under way, Coulter was criticised for statements she made at the 2007 [[Conservative Political Action Conference]] about presidential candidate [[John Edwards]]:<ref name="Bradley_Tahman">{{cite news |last=Bradley |first=Tahman |title=Controversial Columnist Draws Fire for Anti-Gay Slur |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=2924630&page=1 |access-date=September 27, 2011 |newspaper=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |date=March 5, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929180802/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=2924630 |archive-date=September 29, 2013}}</ref><ref name="CNN_edwards_faggot_comment">{{cite news |title=Coulter under fire for anti-gay slur |url=https://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/03/04/coulter.edwards/ |access-date=September 27, 2011 |newspaper=[[CNN]] |date=March 4, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002160349/http://articles.cnn.com/2007-03-04/politics/coulter.edwards_1_anti-gay-slur-neil-g-giuliano-ann-coulter?_s=PM%3APOLITICS |archive-date=October 2, 2012}}</ref>{{blockquote|I was going to have a few comments on the other Democratic presidential candidate, John Edwards, but it turns out that you have to go into rehab if you use the word '[[Faggot (slang)|faggot]],' so I'm... so, kind of at an impasse, can't really talk about Edwards, so I think I'll just conclude here and take your questions.}}
* In December 2008, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine named [[Barack Obama]] as its [[Time Person of the Year|Person of the Year]] for his historic candidacy and election, which it described as "the steady march of seemingly impossible accomplishments".<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Von Drehle |first=David |title=Why History Can't Wait |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1861543_1865068_1867013,00.html |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=December 16, 2008 |access-date=December 17, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217223841/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2008/personoftheyear/article/0%2C31682%2C1861543_1865068%2C00.html |archive-date=December 17, 2008}}</ref>

=== Print media ===
* The decade saw the steady decline of sales of print media such as books, magazines, and newspapers, as the main conveyors of information and advertisements, in favor of the Internet and other digital forms of information.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/28/business/media/28circ.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Richard |last=Pérez-Peña |title=Newspaper Circulation Continues to Decline Rapidly |date=October 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911173109/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/28/business/media/28circ.html |archive-date=September 11, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Metz |first=Rachel |url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/media/2009-04-27-newspaper-circulation_N.htm |title=Newspaper circulation decline picks up speed |work=[[USA Today]] |date=April 27, 2009 |access-date=February 11, 2013}}</ref><ref>[http://www.newspaperdeathwatch.com/ Newspaperdeathwatch.com], ''The Death of Newspapers''. Retrieved December 4, 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025131610/http://www.newspaperdeathwatch.com/|date=October 25, 2013 }}</ref>
* News blogs grew in readership and popularity; cable news and other online media outlets became competitive in attracting advertising revenues and capable journalists and writers are joining online organizations. Books became available online, and electronic devices such as [[Amazon Kindle]] threatened the popularity of printed books.<ref>[https://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/atlarge/2007/12/24/071224crat_atlarge_crain The New Yorker] Caleb Crain, ''Twilight of the Books''. Retrieved December 4, 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330174715/http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/atlarge/2007/12/24/071224crat_atlarge_crain|date=March 30, 2014 }}</ref><ref>[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article6236384.ece Times Online], ''The decline and fall of books''. Retrieved December 4, 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509075146/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article6236384.ece|date=May 9, 2009 }}</ref>
* According to the [[National Endowment for the Arts]] (NEA), the decade showed a continuous increase in reading, although circulation of newspapers has declined.<ref>{{cite press release |author=National Endowment for the Arts |url=http://www.nea.gov/news/news09/readingonrise.html |title=More American Adults Read Literature According to New NEA Study |publisher=NEA.gov |date=January 12, 2009 |access-date=February 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902085934/http://www.nea.gov/news/news09/readingonrise.html |archive-date=September 2, 2013}}</ref>

=== Radio ===
The 2000s saw a decrease in the popularity of radio as more listeners starting using MP3 players in their cars to customize driving music. [[Satellite radio]] receivers started selling at a much higher rate, which allowed listeners to pay a subscription fee for thousands of ad-free stations. [[Clear Channel Communications]] was the largest provider of radio entertainment in the United States with over 900 stations nationwide. Many radio stations began [[streaming media|streaming]] their content over the Internet, allowing a market expansion beyond the reaches of a [[radio transmitter]].

During the 2000s, [[FM radio]] faced its toughest competition ever for [[In car entertainment|in-car entertainment]]. [[iPod]], satellite radio, and [[HD radio]] were all new options for commuters. [[CD player]]s had a steady decline in popularity throughout the 2000s but stayed prevalent in most vehicles, while [[cassette tapes]] became virtually obsolete.
* August 27, 2001 – [[WQHT|Hot 97]] shock jock Star (real name Troi Torain) was suspended indefinitely for mocking R&B singer [[Aaliyah]]'s death on the air. by playing a tape of a woman screaming while a crash is heard in the background. Close to 32,000 people signed a "No More Star" online petition.<ref>{{cite news |title=STAR FALLS FASTER AFTER AALIYAH 'JOKE' |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/gossip/star-falls-faster-aaliyah-joke-article-1.929910 |work=New York Daily News |access-date=February 19, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219174942/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/gossip/star-falls-faster-aaliyah-joke-article-1.929910 |archive-date=December 19, 2013}}</ref>
* In a 2008 edition of his (American) radio show, [[John Gibson (political commentator)|John Gibson]] commented on Australian actor [[Heath Ledger]]'s death the day before. He opened the segment with funeral music and played a clip of [[Jake Gyllenhaal]]'s famous line "I wish I knew how to quit you" from Ledger's film ''[[Brokeback Mountain]]''; he then said "Well, I guess he found out how to quit ''you''." Among other remarks, Gibson called Ledger a "weirdo" with "a serious drug problem".<ref>[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/01/23/fox-host-john-gibson-mock_n_82962.html "Fox Host John Gibson Mocks Heath Ledger's Death"] ''[[Huffington Post]]''. January 23, 2008. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213064300/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/01/23/fox-host-john-gibson-mock_n_82962.html|date=December 13, 2009 }}</ref> The next day, he addressed outcry over his remarks by saying that they were in the context of jokes he had been making for months about ''Brokeback Mountain'', and that "There's no point in passing up a good joke."<ref>''The John Gibson Show'', Fox News Radio, January 25, 2008.</ref> Gibson later apologized on his television and radio shows.<ref>''The Big Story'', [[Fox News]], January 24, 2008</ref><ref>''The John Gibson Show'', [[Fox News Radio]], January 24, 2008</ref>

=== Television ===
{{See also|2000s in television}}'''Live-action television'''
[[File:American Idol Experience - Disney's Hollywood Studios (3375313843).jpg|thumb|220px|The television genre [[Reality TV]] gained massive popularity in America over the decade with reality TV programs such as ''[[Survivor (TV series)|Survivor]]'',''[[The Simple Life]]'', ''[[Jersey Shore (TV series)|Jersey Shore]]'', ''[[American Idol]]'' (pictured) and ''[[Big Brother (TV series)|Big Brother]]'', for which local adaptations were produced in many countries]]
[[Television in the United States|American television]] in the 2000s saw the sharp increase in popularity of [[reality television]], with numerous competition shows such as ''[[American Idol]]'', ''[[Dancing with the Stars (American TV series)|Dancing with the Stars]]'', ''[[Survivor (American TV series)|Survivor]]'' and ''[[The Apprentice (American TV series)|The Apprentice]]'' attracting large audiences, as well as documentary or narrative style shows such as ''[[Big Brother (American TV series)|Big Brother]]'', ''[[The Hills (TV series)|The Hills]]'', ''[[The Real Housewives]]'' and ''[[Cheaters (American TV series)|Cheaters]]''. ''[[Keeping Up with the Kardashians]]'' also aired during the decade, in 2007, and would run for 14 years and 20 seasons, thrusting the [[Kardashian family]] into the global pop-culture spotlight. ''[[Chappelle's Show]]'' was one of the most popular comedy shows of the decade. Upon its release in 2004, the first-season DVD set became the best-selling TV series set of all time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chappelle's Show DVD news: S1 DVD Passes The Simpsons As #1 All-Time TV-DVD; Celebrates by Announcing Season 2! |url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/newsitem.cfm?NewsID=2338 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815181100/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/newsitem.cfm?NewsID=2338 |archive-date=August 15, 2007 |access-date=2021-07-11 |publisher=TV Shows On DVD |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

[[Television in Australia|Australian television]] in the 2000s also saw a sharp increase in popularity of [[reality television]], with their own version of shows such as ''[[Big Brother (Australian TV series)|Big Brother]]'' and ''[[Dancing with the Stars (Australian TV series)|Dancing With The Stars]]'', other shows in the country also saw an increase with comedy such as [[Spicks and Specks (TV series)|''Spicks and Specks'']] and game show ''[[Bert's Family Feud]]''.

The decade has since seen a steady decline in the number of sitcoms and an increase in reality shows, crime and medical dramas, such as ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]'' (2000–2015), it's spinoffs ''[[CSI: Miami]]'' (2002–2012) and ''[[CSI: NY]]'' (2004–2013), ''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]'' (2003–present), ''[[Without a Trace]]'' (2002–2009), ''[[House (TV series)|House M.D.]]'' (2004–2012), and ''[[Grey's Anatomy]]'' (2005–present), paranormal/crime shows like ''[[Medium (TV series)|Medium]]'' (2005–2011) and ''[[Ghost Whisperer]]'' (2005–2010), and action/drama shows, including ''[[24 (TV series)|24]]'' (2001–2010) and ''[[Lost (2004 TV series)|Lost]]'' (2004–2009). Comedy-dramas became more serious, dealing with such hot button issues, such as drugs, teenage pregnancy, and gay rights. Popular comedy-drama programs include ''[[Desperate Housewives]]'' (2004–2012), ''[[Ugly Betty]]'' (2006–2010), and ''[[Glee (TV series)|Glee]]'' (2009–2015).

[[Disney Channel]] had seen a rise in views and popularity from kids as young as 6 years old. In 2001, [[Disney Channel]] premiered one of their original television series ''[[Lizzie McGuire]]''. ''[[That's So Raven]]'' premiered in 2003, which was Disney Channel's first TV series starring a black female character. Shows that were also popularly known including ''[[Hannah Montana]]'', ''[[Even Stevens]]'', ''[[The Suite Life of Zack & Cody]]'', and ''[[Wizards of Waverly Place]]''.

[[Nickelodeon]] premiered ''[[Drake & Josh]]'' and ''[[Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide]]'' in 2004. ''[[iCarly]]'' was Nickelodeon's most watched TV series from its premiere in 2007–2012, then was rebooted in 2021 and cancelled in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/ |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref> Other shows that were also popular hits on the network were ''[[Victorious]]'', ''[[Zoey 101]]'', and ''[[Big Time Rush]]''.

The 2000s notable sitcoms include ''[[3rd Rock from the Sun]]'', ''[[Two Guys and a Girl]]'', ''[[Just Shoot Me!]]'', ''[[The Drew Carey Show]]'', ''[[Frasier]]'', ''[[Friends]]'', ''[[That '70s Show]]'', ''[[Becker (TV series)|Becker]]'', ''[[Spin City]]'', ''[[Dharma & Greg]]'', ''[[Will & Grace]]'', ''[[Yes, Dear]]'', ''[[According to Jim]]'', ''[[8 Simple Rules]]'', ''[[Less than Perfect]]'', ''[[Still Standing (American TV series)|Still Standing]]'', ''[[George Lopez (TV series)|George Lopez]]'', ''[[Grounded for Life]]'', ''[[Hope & Faith]]'', ''[[My Wife and Kids]]'', ''[[Sex and the City]]'', ''[[Everybody Loves Raymond]]'', ''[[Malcolm in the Middle]]'', ''[[Girlfriends (2000 TV series)|Girlfriends]]'', ''[[The King of Queens]]'', ''[[Arrested Development (TV series)|Arrested Development]]'', ''[[How I Met Your Mother]]'', ''[[Scrubs (TV series)|Scrubs]]'', ''[[Curb Your Enthusiasm]]'', ''[[What I Like About You (TV series)|What I Like About You]]'', ''[[Reba (TV series)|Reba]]'', ''[[The Office (American TV series)|The Office]]'', ''[[Entourage (American TV series)|Entourage]]'', ''[[My Name Is Earl]]'', ''[[Everybody Hates Chris]]'', ''[[The New Adventures of Old Christine]]'', ''[[Rules of Engagement (TV series)|Rules of Engagement]]'', ''[[Two and a Half Men]]'', ''[['Til Death]]'', ''[[The Big Bang Theory]]'', ''[[Samantha Who?]]'', ''[[It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia]]'', and ''[[30 Rock]]''. A trend seen in several sitcoms of the late 2000s was the absence of a [[laugh track]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Schimkowitz |first1=Matt |date=2014-10-08 |title=Who's Laughing Now? The History of the Sitcom Laugh Track |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2014/10/whos-laughing-now-the-history-of-the-sitcom-laugh-track-69284/ |access-date=2020-06-18 |website=IndieWire |language=en}}</ref>

The decade also saw the rise of premium cable dramas such as ''[[The Sopranos]]'', ''[[The Wire]]'', ''[[Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)|Battlestar Galactica]]'', ''[[Deadwood (TV series)|Deadwood]]'', ''[[The Shield]]'', ''[[Nip/Tuck]]'', ''[[Sons of Anarchy]]'', ''[[Mad Men]]'', and ''[[Breaking Bad]]''. The critic [[Daniel Mendelsohn]] wrote a critique of ''Mad Men''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mendelsohn |first=Daniel |date=February 24, 2011 |title=The Mad Men Account |url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2011/02/24/mad-men-account/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327230914/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2011/feb/24/mad-men-account/?pagination=false |archive-date=March 27, 2014 |via=www.nybooks.com}}</ref> in which he also claimed this last decade was a golden age for episodic television, citing ''Battlestar Galactica'', ''The Wire'', and the network series ''[[Friday Night Lights (TV series)|Friday Night Lights]]'' as especially deserving of critical and popular attention.

The decade also saw the return of prime time soap operas, a genre that had been popular in the 1980s and early 1990s, including ''[[Dawson's Creek]]'' (1998–2003), ''[[The O.C.]]'' (2003–2007) and ''[[One Tree Hill (TV series)|One Tree Hill]]'' (2003–2012). ''[[Desperate Housewives]]'' (2004–2012) was perhaps the most popular television series of this genre since ''[[Dallas (TV series)|Dallas]]'' and ''[[Dynasty (1981 TV series)|Dynasty]]'' in the 1980s. The medical soap opera ''[[Grey's Anatomy]]'' was another prime time serial that found immense success, helped by its original time slot following ''Desperate Housewives'' during its first two seasons, ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]'' started in 1994 and ended its run on NBC in 2009, after 15 years, with its ratings sharply declining after ''Grey's Anatomy''<nowiki/>'s premiere in 2005.

'''Animated shows'''

Adult-oriented animated programming also continued a sharp upturn in popularity with controversial cartoons like ''[[South Park]]'' (1997–present), ''[[Family Guy]]'' (1999–2002, 2005–present) and ''[[Futurama]]'' (1999–2003, 2008–2013, 2023–present) along with the longtime running cartoon ''[[The Simpsons]]'' (1989–present), while new animated adult series were also produced in that decade such as ''[[American Dad!]]'', ''[[Aqua Teen Hunger Force]]'', ''[[Robot Chicken]]'', ''[[Archer (2009 TV series)|Archer]]'', ''[[Drawn Together]]'', and ''[[Sealab 2021]]''. [[Adult Swim]] was launched on [[Cartoon Network]] in September 2001 and was an immediate success, becoming one of the cornerstone brands of adult animation.

[[Anime]] series that achieved popularity during the decade included ''[[Naruto (TV series)|Naruto]]'', ''[[Bleach (TV series)|Bleach]]'', ''[[Code Geass]]'', ''[[Death Note]]'', ''[[Fullmetal Alchemist]]'', ''[[Inuyasha]]'', ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh!]]'', ''[[Hellsing Ultimate]]'', ''[[Black Lagoon]]'', ''[[Monster (manga)|Monster]]'', ''[[Beyblade (manga)|Beyblade]]'', ''[[Samurai Champloo]]'', ''[[Bakugan]]'', ''[[Gintama]]'', ''[[Higurashi When They Cry]]'' and ''[[Gurren Lagann]]''.

Other animated programs debuting and achieving popularity in that decade included ''[[Avatar: The Last Airbender]]'', ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]'' (1999–present), ''[[Teen Titans (TV series)|Teen Titans]]'', ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'', ''[[Kim Possible]]'', ''[[The Fairly OddParents]]'', ''[[Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends]]'', ''[[Ben 10 (2005 TV series)|Ben 10]]'', ''[[Total Drama]]'', ''[[Totally Spies!]]'', ''[[Winx Club]]'', ''[[Samurai Jack]]'', ''[[Invader Zim]]'', ''[[Codename: Kids Next Door]]'', ''[[Iron Kid]]'' and ''[[Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)|Star Wars: The Clone Wars]]''.

'''Sports channels'''

The [[WWE]] made a split in 2002 for the brands [[WWE Raw|Raw]] and [[WWE SmackDown|Smackdown!]], also known as the [[WWE Brand Extension]]. This resulted in the WWE's purchase of their two biggest competitors, WCW and ECW. The brand extension would last until 2011. It also saw the rise of popular wrestlers like [[John Cena]], [[Randy Orton]], [[Dave Bautista]], [[Jeff Hardy]], [[CM Punk]], [[Chris Jericho]], [[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]] and [[Brock Lesnar]]. The match between veteran wrestlers [[Ric Flair]] and [[Shawn Michaels]] at [[WrestleMania 24]] in 2008 was named as the "match of the decade" by popular professional wrestling magazine [[List of Pro Wrestling Illustrated awards|Pro Wrestling Illustrated]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rfgolds.com/matchofthedecade.htm?__cf_chl_tk=X1XcTs9JYZ1VUqoPSWfK3mCHR27TqEHpC3GG8qdaH0M-1647678350-0-gaNycGzNCKU |title=A Tribute to the "Nature Boy" Ric Flair |access-date=March 19, 2022 |archive-date=March 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326033101/https://www.rfgolds.com/matchofthedecade.htm?__cf_chl_tk=X1XcTs9JYZ1VUqoPSWfK3mCHR27TqEHpC3GG8qdaH0M-1647678350-0-gaNycGzNCKU |url-status=dead}}</ref> Pro Wrestling Illustrated would also name veteran wrestler [[Triple H]] as the wrestler of the decade.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Triple H: Wrestler of the Decade |date=February 2010 |journal=Pro Wrestling Illustrated |volume=31 |issue=2}}</ref>

The [[2001 World Series]] between the [[New York Yankees]] and [[Arizona Diamondbacks]] became the first World Series to be played in the wake of the [[September 11 attacks]]. [[Super Bowl XXXVI]] between the [[New England Patriots]] and the [[Los Angeles Rams|St. Louis Rams]] became the first Super Bowl to be played in the wake of the [[September 11 attacks]].

'''Criticism and controversy'''

[[Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy]]:
Super Bowl XXXVIII, which was broadcast live on February 1, 2004, from [[Houston, Texas]], on the [[CBS]] television network in the United States, was noted for a controversial halftime show in which singer [[Janet Jackson]]'s breast, adorned with a nipple shield, was exposed by singer [[Justin Timberlake]] for about half a second, in what was later referred to as a "wardrobe malfunction". The incident, sometimes referred to as Nipplegate, was widely discussed. Along with the rest of the halftime show, it led to an immediate crackdown and widespread debate on perceived indecency in broadcasting.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Karsen |first=Shira |date=2017-10-23 |title=What Happened After Janet Jackson's 2004 Super Bowl 'Nipplegate' Incident |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/janet-jackson-justin-timberlake-2004-super-bowl-what-happened-8007041/ |access-date=2024-05-02 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref>

The ''[[The X Factor (British TV series)|X Factor]]'' in the UK has been subject to much [[Controversy and criticism of The X Factor (British TV series)|controversy and criticism]] since its launch in September 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Welsh |first1=Daniel |date=August 16, 2016 |title=20 Controversial Moments That Rocked 'The X Factor' |work=HuffPost |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/x-factor-controversial-moments-video_uk_57b30e9ee4b0730aab647f79}}</ref> ''[[The Jeremy Kyle Show]]'', which launched a year later on the same network, [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]], was met with similar controversy. Both shows were cancelled in 2019, ''The X Factor'' due to low ratings, and in the case of ''The Jeremy Kyle Show'' due to the suicide of a recent participant on the programme.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-22 |title=Jeremy Kyle Show guest felt 'life was not worth living' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c99zg4w15vxo |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

January 2005 – ''[[Jerry Springer: The Opera]]'' was the subject of controversy, when its UK television broadcast on [[BBC Two]] elicited 55,000 complaints. It was, at the time, the most complained about television event in the country ever, a record that is now held by ITV's ''[[Good Morning Britain (2014 TV programme)|Good Morning Britain]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Thorpe |first=Vanessa |title=F***you, says BBC as 50,000 rage at Spr*ng*r |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/jan/09/broadcasting.religion |access-date=February 16, 2013 |newspaper=The Observer |date=January 9, 2005 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013012114/http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2005/jan/09/broadcasting.religion |archive-date=October 13, 2012}}</ref>

In May 2005, UK viewers inundated the [[Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)|Advertising Standards Authority]] with complaints regarding the continuous airing of the latest [[Crazy Frog]] advertisements. The intensity of the advertising was unprecedented in British television history. According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', [[Jamster]] bought 73,716 spots across all TV channels in May alone&nbsp;— an average of nearly 2,378 slots daily&nbsp;— at a cost of about £8&nbsp;million, just under half of which was spent on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]. 87% of the population saw the Crazy Frog adverts an average of 26 times, 15% of the adverts appeared twice during the same advertising break and 66% were in consecutive ad breaks. An estimated 10% of the population saw the advert more than 60 times. This led to many members of the population finding the crazy frog, as its original name suggests, immensely irritating.<ref>(source: ''Media Guardian'', June 20, 2005)</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Alps |first=Tess |date=2005-06-20 |title=Advertising |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/jun/20/mondaymediasection10 |access-date=2024-06-24 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

[[Blue Peter]] (the world's longest-running children's television programme) rigged a phone-in competition supporting the [[UNICEF]] "Shoe Biz Appeal" on November 27, 2006. The person who appeared to be calling in the competition was actually a ''Blue Peter'' Team Player who was visiting that day. The visitor pretended to be a caller from an outside line who had won the phone-in and the chance to select a prize. The competition was rigged due to a technical error with receiving the calls.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/mar/15/broadcastingethics.bbc |title=Blue Peter admits rigging phone-in competition after technical hitch |work=The Guardian |date=March 15, 2007 |location=London |first=Owen |last=Gibson |access-date=April 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114070052/http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/mar/15/broadcastingethics.bbc |archive-date=November 14, 2012}}</ref> In July 2007, ''Blue Peter'' was given a £50,000 fine, by the [[Office of Communications]] (OFCOM) as a result of rigging the competition.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/broadcasting/a64932/ofcom-fines-bbc-gbp50000-over-blue-peter.html |title=Ofcom fines BBC £50,000 over ''Blue Peter'' |website=Digital Spy |date=July 9, 2007 |access-date=September 6, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413022248/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/broadcasting/a64932/ofcom-fines-bbc-gbp50000-over-blue-peter.html |archive-date=April 13, 2009}}</ref>

''[[I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!]]'' is a reality television game show series, originally created in the [[United Kingdom]], and licensed globally to other countries.
In its 2009 series, celebrity chef [[Gino D'Acampo]] killed, cooked and ate a rat. The Australian [[RSPCA]] investigated the incident and sought to prosecute D'Acampo and actor [[Stuart Manning]] for [[cruelty to animals|animal cruelty]] after this episode of the show was aired. [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] was fined £1,600 and the two celebrities involved were not prosecuted for animal cruelty despite being charged with the offense by the [[New South Wales]] Police.

==== Ended series ====
The PBS series ''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]'' aired its final episode on August 31, 2001. Two years later, its host and creator, [[Fred Rogers]], died from stomach cancer.

''[[Law & Order]]'' was a police procedural drama that premiered on NBC on September 13, 1990, and ran for 20 seasons. The show aired its series finale ("[[Rubber Room (Law & Order)|Rubber Room]]") on May 24, 2010, but later returned on February 24, 2022.

''[[Tomorrow's World]]'' was a long-running [[BBC]] television series, showcasing new developments in the world of science and technology. First aired on July 7, 1965, on BBC1, it ran for 38 years until it was cancelled in early 2003.

''[[That '70s Show]]'' was an American television period sitcom based on the [[1970s]] decade. The 1970s retro style permeated the 2000s decade. The show ended on May 18, 2006.

''[[Brookside (television programme)|Brookside]]'' is a British soap opera set in [[Liverpool]], [[England]], particularly well known for showcasing topics that were considered taboo in English culture at the time, such as being the first television programme in the UK to show a lesbian kiss before the 9pm [[Watershed (broadcasting)|watershed]]. The series began on the launch night of [[Channel 4]] on November 2, 1982, and ran for 21 years until November 4, 2003.

In January 2004, the [[BBC]] cancelled the ''[[Kilroy (TV series)|Kilroy]]'' show (which had run for 18 years), after an article entitled 'We owe Arabs nothing' written by its host [[Robert Kilroy-Silk]] was published in the [[Sunday Express]] tabloid newspaper.

''[[Friends]]'' is an American sitcom which aired on [[NBC]] from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004. Friends received positive reviews throughout its run, and its series finale ("[[The Last One (Friends)|The Last One]]") ranked as the [[List of most watched television broadcasts|fifth most watched overall television series finale]] as well as the most watched single television episode of the 2000s on U.S. television.

''[[The X-Files]]'' was a science fiction television series which aired for nine seasons on Fox that premiered on September 10, 1993. The show aired its series finale ("[[The Truth (The X-Files)|The Truth]]") on May 19, 2002.

''[[Frasier]]'', a spin-off TV series of ''[[Cheers]]'' (that ended in 1993), is an American sitcom that was broadcast on [[NBC]] for eleven seasons from September 16, 1993, to May 13, 2004, (only a week after the broadcast of the final episode of ''Friends''). It was one of the most successful [[spin-off product|spin-off]] and popular series in television history, as well as one of the most critically acclaimed comedy series.

On June 20, 2006, after 42 years, British [[music chart]] show ''[[Top of the Pops]]'' was formally cancelled and it was announced that the last edition would be broadcast on July 30, 2006.

''[[Grandstand]]'' is a British television sport program. Broadcast between 1958 and 2007, it was one of the [[BBC]]'s longest running sports shows.

After 30 years, British television drama series ''[[Grange Hill]]'' (originally made by the [[BBC]]) was cancelled and the last episode was shown on September 15, 2008.

''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]'' is a medical drama that premiered on NBC on September 19, 1994, and ran for 15 seasons. The show aired its series finale ("[[And in the End...]]") on April 2, 2009.

==== Series returns ====
The ''[[Flower Pot Men]]'' is a British children's programme, produced by BBC television, first transmitted in 1952, and repeated regularly for more than twenty years, which was produced in a new version in 2000.

''[[Absolutely Fabulous]]'', also known as ''Ab Fab'', is a British sitcom.
The show has had an extended and sporadic run. The first three series were broadcast on the [[BBC]] from 1992 to 1995, followed by a series finale in the form of a two-part television film entitled The Last Shout in 1996. Its creator Jennifer Saunders revived the show for a fourth series in 2001.

''[[Gadget & the Gadgetinis]]'' is a spinoff of the classic series ''[[Inspector Gadget (1983 TV series)|Inspector Gadget]]'' (1983–1986), developed by DiC in cooperation with Haim Saban's SIP Animation and produced from 2001 to 2003. There are 52 episodes.

Basil Brush from 1962 to 1984, ''[[The Basil Brush Show]]'' from 2002 to 2007.
[[Basil Brush]] is a fictional anthropomorphic red fox, best known for his appearances on daytime British children's television. He is primarily portrayed by a glove puppet.

''[[Shooting Stars (1993 TV series)|Shooting Stars]]'' is a British television comedy panel game broadcast on [[BBC Two]] as a pilot in 1993, then as 3 full series from 1995 to 1997, then on [[BBC Choice]] from January to December 2002 with 2 series before returning to BBC Two for another 3 series from 2008 until its cancellation in 2011.

''[[Doctor Who]]'' is a British science fiction television programme produced by the [[BBC]]. The show is a significant part of British popular culture.
The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989. After an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot in the form of a television film, the programme was relaunched in 2005.

''[[Family Fortunes]]'' is a British [[game show]], based on the American game show ''[[Family Feud]]''. The programme ran on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] from January 6, 1980, to December 6, 2002, before being revived by the same channel in 2006 under the title of ''All Star Family Fortunes''. Revived episodes are currently being shown on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] on Sunday evenings and have been presented by [[Vernon Kay]] since 2006.

''[[Gladiators (franchise)|Gladiators]]'' is a [[television in the United Kingdom|British television]] entertainment series, produced by [[London Weekend Television|LWT]] for [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]], and broadcast between October 10, 1992, and January 1, 2000. It is an adaptation of the American format ''[[American Gladiators (1989 TV series)|American Gladiators]]''. The success of the British series spawned further adaptations in [[Gladiators (1995 Australian TV series)|Australia]] and Sweden. The series was revived in [[Gladiators (2008 British TV series)|2008]], before again being cancelled in 2009.

''[[Rab C. Nesbitt]]'' is a British sitcom which began in 1988.
The first series began on September 27, 1990, and continued for seven more, ending on June 18, 1999, and returning with a one-off special on December 23, 2008.<ref>[http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/broadcasting/a125638/rab-c-nesbitt-to-return-on-bbc-two.html 'Rab C Nesbitt' to return on BBC Two] Digital Spy, August 23, 2008 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122071250/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/broadcasting/a125638/rab-c-nesbitt-to-return-on-bbc-two.html|date=January 22, 2009 }}</ref>

''[[Red Dwarf]]'' is a British [[comedy]] [[Media franchise|franchise]] which primarily comprises ten series (including a ninth mini-series named ''Back To Earth'') of a television [[science fiction]] [[sitcom]] that aired on [[BBC Two]] between 1988 and 1993 and from 1997 to 1999 and on [[U&Dave|Dave]] in 2009.

'''Primetime Emmy Award for Best Drama'''

{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* 2000 – ''[[The West Wing]]''
* 2001 – ''[[The West Wing]]''
* 2002 – ''[[The West Wing]]''
* 2003 – ''[[The West Wing]]''
* 2004 – ''[[The Sopranos]]''
* 2005 – ''[[Lost (TV series)|Lost]]''
* 2006 – ''[[24 (TV series)|24]]''
* 2007 – ''[[The Sopranos]]''
* 2008 – ''[[Mad Men]]''
* 2009 – ''[[Mad Men]]''
}}

=== Video games ===
{{See also|2000s in video gaming}}'''Video-game hardware and software'''[[File:PS2-Versions.jpg|thumb|[[PlayStation 2]] was released in 2000 and became the [[List of million-selling game consoles|best-selling gaming console]] of the decade and of all time.]]

[[File:Xbox-console.jpg|thumb|First '''[[Xbox]]''' released in 2001]]
[[File:GameCube-Console-Set.png|thumb|'''[[GameCube]]''' released in 2001 and is the successor to the [[Nintendo 64]]]]

The world of video games reached the [[History of video game consoles (sixth generation)|sixth generation]] of video game consoles including the [[PlayStation 2]], the [[Xbox (console)|Xbox]], and the [[GameCube]], which started technically in 1998 with the release of Sega's [[Dreamcast]], although some consider the true start in 2000 with the release of Sony's PlayStation 2. The 6th gen remained popular throughout the decade, but decreased somewhat in popularity after its 7th gen successors released technically starting in November 2005 with the release of Microsoft's Xbox 360, however, most people agree that 2006 is a 6th gen year since most games being released still released on 6th gen including the Xbox even though the 360 was already released, and the PlayStation 3 and the Wii didn't release until late 2006 which most people consider to be the true start of the 7th gen. It reached [[History of video game consoles (seventh generation)|7th Generation]] in the form of [[video game console|consoles]] like the [[Wii]], the [[PlayStation 3]] and [[Xbox 360]] by the mid-2000s. The number-one-selling game console of the decade, the [[PlayStation 2]], was released in 2000 and remained popular up to the end of the decade, even after the [[PlayStation 3]] was released. The [[PlayStation 2]] was discontinued in January 2013. The [[Nintendo DS]] launched in [[Japan]] in [[2004]] and by [[2005]] was available globally. All Nintendo DS models combined have sold over 154.02 million units, thus making it the best selling handheld of all time and the second [[List of best-selling game consoles|best selling video game console]] of all time behind the [[PlayStation 2]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Consolidated Sales Transition by Region |url=https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/library/historical_data/pdf/consolidated_sales_e1603.pdf |access-date=July 7, 2022 |publisher=Nintendo Co.}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Schreier |first1=Jason |title=Nintendo DS Line Outsells PlayStation 2, Nintendo Says |url=https://www.wired.com/2011/01/nintendo-ds-sales/ |magazine=Wired |date=4 January 2011}}</ref>

[[Neo Geo]] is a family of video game hardware developed by [[SNK]]. The brand originated in 1990 with the release of an arcade system, the [[Neo Geo MVS]] and its home console counterpart, the [[Neo Geo AES]]. The Neo Geo brand was officially discontinued in 2004.

[[Massively multiplayer online role-playing game|MMORPGs]], originating in the mid-to-late 1990s, become a popular PC trend and virtual online worlds become a reality as games such as ''[[RuneScape]]'' (2001), ''[[Final Fantasy XI]]'' (2002), ''[[Eve Online]]'' (2003), ''[[Tony Hawk's Underground]]'' (2003), ''[[World of Warcraft]]'' (2004), and ''[[EverQuest II]]'' (2004), ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'' (2007) and ''[[Warhammer Online: Age of Reckoning]]'' (2008) are released. These worlds come complete with their own economies and social organization as directed by the players as a whole. The persistent online worlds allow the games to remain popular for years. ''[[World of Warcraft]]'', premiered in 2004, remains one of the most popular games in PC gaming and is still being developed into the 2010s.

[[Arcade game|Arcade video games]] had declined in popularity so much by the late 1990s, that revenues in the United States dropped to $1.33 billion in 1999,<ref>{{cite news |last=Henry |first=Lydia |date=April 26, 2001 |title=Skee-ball Mania |page=36 |newspaper=[[Reading Eagle]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZFsxAAAAIBAJ&pg=5114,5262090 |access-date=March 13, 2012}}</ref> and reached a low of $866 million in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |date=April 20, 2006 |title=Video killed the arcade star |newspaper=[[East Valley Tribune]] |url=http://www.eastvalleytribune.com/article_9b22d9ea-1810-5465-8bd9-a4e3204de569.html?mode=story |access-date=March 7, 2012}}</ref> Furthermore, by the early 2000s, networked gaming via computers and then consoles across the Internet had also appeared,<ref name="online games">{{cite web |last=Mabry |first=Donald J. |title=Evolution of Online Games |url=http://www.historicaltextarchive.com/s/online-games.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209100942/http://www.historicaltextarchive.com/s/online-games.php |archive-date=February 9, 2008 |access-date=September 21, 2007}}</ref> replacing the venue of head-to-head competition and social atmosphere once provided solely by arcades.<ref name="socialarcades">{{cite web |last=Fuller |first=Brad |title=Awakening the Arcade |url=http://blogs.oreilly.com/digitalmedia/2005/11/awakening-the-arcade.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003012240/http://blogs.oreilly.com/digitalmedia/2005/11/awakening-the-arcade.html |archive-date=October 3, 2011 |access-date=September 21, 2007}}</ref>

[[Cross-platform software|Cross-platform]] [[Game engines]] originating in the very late-1990s, became extremely popular in the 2000s, as they allowed development for [[Indie game development|indie games]] for [[digital distribution]]. Noteworthy software include [[GameMaker]] and [[Unity (game engine)|Unity]]. Well-known indie games made in that decade include ''[[I Wanna Be the Guy]]'', ''[[Spelunky]]'', ''[[Braid (video game)|Braid]]'', ''[[Clean Asia!]]'', ''[[Castle Crashers]]'', ''[[World of Goo]]'', ''[[Dino Run]]'', ''[[The Impossible Game]]'' and ''[[Alien Hominid]]''.

In 2003 [[Steam (service)|Steam]], the now leading and largest digital distribution platform for [[PC gaming]] was launched by [[Valve Corporation]].

In the late 2000s, [[Motion controller|motion controlled]] video games grew in popularity, from the PlayStation 2's [[EyeToy]] to Nintendo's successful [[Wii]] console. During the decade 3D video games become the staple of the video-game industry, with 2D games nearly fading from the market. Partially 3D and fully 2D games were still common in the industry early in the decade, but these have now become rare as developers look almost exclusively for fully 3D games to satisfy the increasing demand for them in the market. An exception to this trend is the indie gaming community, which often produces games featuring 'old-school' or retro gaming elements, such as ''[[Minecraft]]'' and [[Shadow Complex]]. These games, which are not developed by the industry giants, are often available in the form of downloadable content from services such as [[Microsoft]]'s [[Xbox Live]] or Apple's [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]] and usually cost much less than more major releases.

'''Prominent video games'''
[[File:Gbasp nes collection.jpg|thumb|[[Game Boy Advance SP]] is upgraded version of the original [[Game Boy Advance]] system and it is the second last [[Game Boy]] handheld]]
The ''[[Grand Theft Auto]]'' series sparked a fad of Mature-rated video games based on including gang warfare, drug use, and perceived "senseless violence" into gameplay. Though violent video games date back to the early 1990s, they became much more common after 2000. Despite the controversy, the 2004 game ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]'' became the best selling [[PlayStation 2]] game of all time, with 17.33 million copies sold for that console alone, from a total of 21.5 million in all formats by 2009;<ref name="guinness 2009">{{cite book |title=Guinness World Records 2009 Gamer's Edition |pages=[https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec0000unse_o9k7/page/108 108–109] |isbn=978-1-904994-45-9 |quote=''GTA: San Andreas'' is the best-selling PlayStation 2 game of all time, with a massive 17.33 million copies sold. |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec0000unse_o9k7/page/108 |author1=Guinness |date=February 2009 |publisher=Guinness World Records}}</ref> as of 2011, 27.5 million copies of ''San Andreas'' were sold worldwide.<ref name="2011sales">{{cite web |url=http://kotaku.com/5840484/gta-iv-overtakes-san-andreas-in-lifetime-sales |title=GTA IV Overtakes San Andreas in Lifetime Sales [Correction] |website=Kotaku |first=Owen |last=Good |date=September 15, 2011 |access-date=September 12, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701162931/http://kotaku.com/5840484/gta-iv-overtakes-san-andreas-in-lifetime-sales |archive-date=July 1, 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Nintendo-DS-Fat-Blue.jpg|thumb|The [[Nintendo DS]] awakened an interest in casual play that had never really existed before.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2018/10/22/18000592/nintendo-ds-mobile-casual-gaming |title=The DS saved Nintendo while destroying handheld gaming as we knew it |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=October 22, 2018}}</ref>]]
[[File:Psp-1000.jpg|thumb|[[PlayStation Portable]] (PSP-1000) [[Sony]] handheld games console]]

The ''[[Call of Duty]]'' series was extremely popular during the 2000s, the diverse shooter franchise released multiple games throughout the 2000s that were positively critically reviewed and commercially successful.

''[[The Sims]]'' series developed by [[Maxis]] became one of the most popular [[life simulation games]] series with over 200 million copies sold worldwide since the series' [[The Sims (video game)|first game]] was released in 2000.<ref name="Hall of Fame Inductees">{{Cite press release |title=2016 World Video Game Hall of Fame Inductees Announced |date=2016-05-05 |publisher=Strong National Museum of Play |url=http://www.museumofplay.org/press/releases/2016/05/2688-2016-world-video-game-hall-fame-inductees-announced/ |last1=Rhinewald |first1=Shane |last2=McElrath |first2=Noelle |access-date=2017-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202010533/https://www.museumofplay.org/press/releases/2016/05/2688-2016-world-video-game-hall-fame-inductees-announced |archive-date=2017-02-02 |url-status=live}}</ref>

''[[Gears of War (series)|Gears of War]]'' was a critically acclaimed and commercially successful [[third-person shooter]] franchise that released two games during the mid-late 2000s. [[Gears of War (video game)|Gears of War 1]] was released in 2006 and was the first installment to the franchise, it was universally critically acclaimed and went on to sell over 5 million copies. The second installment to the franchise ''[[Gears of War 2]]'' was released in 2008 and received widespread critical acclaim and also went on to sell over 5 million copies.

''[[Manhunt 2]]'', a controversial stealth-based [[psychological horror]] [[video game]] published by [[Rockstar Games]], was suspended by [[Take-Two Interactive]] (Rockstar's parent company) when it was refused classification in the United Kingdom, Italy and Ireland, and given an Adults Only (AO) rating in the United States. As neither [[Sony Interactive Entertainment|Sony]], [[Microsoft]] or [[Nintendo]] allow AO titles on their systems, it made Rockstar bring the game down to a Mature (M) game and release in October 2007.

The sixth generation sparked a rise in first person shooter games led by ''[[Halo: Combat Evolved]]'', which changed the formula of the first person shooter. ''[[Halo 2]]'' started [[online console gaming]] and was on top of the [[Xbox Live]] charts until its successor, ''[[Halo 3]]'' (for Xbox 360), took over. Some other popular first-person shooters during the 2000s include the [[Medal of Honor]] series, with ''[[Medal of Honor: Frontline]]''{{'}}s release in 2002 bringing the first game in the series to 6th generation consoles.

''[[Dance Dance Revolution]]'' was released in Japan and later the United States, where it became immensely popular among teenagers. Other dance games like [[Just Dance (video game series)|Just Dance]] was released in 2009 and went on to be the most popular game from Nintendo all over the world. Another music game, ''[[Guitar Hero]]'', was released in North America in late 2005 and [[Cultural impact of the Guitar Hero series|had a huge cultural impact]] on both the music and video games industries. It became a worldwide billion-dollar franchise within three years, spawning several sequels and leading to the creation of a competing franchise, ''Rock Band''.

'''Gaming industry'''

Worldwide, arcade game revenues gradually increased from $1.8 billion in 1998 to $3.2 billion in 2002, rivalling [[PC game]] sales of $3.2 billion that same year.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chou |first1=Yuntsai |title=G-commerce in East Asia: Evidence and Prospects |journal=Journal of Interactive Advertising |date=September 2003 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=47–53 |doi=10.1080/15252019.2003.10722081 |s2cid=167052950}}</ref> In particular, arcade video games are a thriving [[Video gaming in the People's Republic of China|industry in China]], where arcades are widespread across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jou |first=Eric |title=The Wonderful and Seedy World of Chinese Arcades |url=http://kotaku.com/5894415/the-wonderful-and-seedy-world-of-chinese-arcades/gallery/1 |website=Kotaku |access-date=April 9, 2012 |date=March 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308130752/http://kotaku.com/5894415/the-wonderful-and-seedy-world-of-chinese-arcades/gallery/1/ |archive-date=March 8, 2013}}</ref> The US market has also experienced a slight resurgence, with the number of video game arcades across the nation increasing from 2,500 in 2003 to 3,500 in 2008, though this is significantly less than the 10,000 arcades in the early 1980s. As of 2009, a successful arcade game usually sells around 4000 to 6000 units worldwide.<ref>{{cite book |title=Digital sport for performance enhancement and competitive evolution : intelligent gaming technologies |year=2009 |publisher=Information Science Reference |location=Hershey, PA |isbn=978-1-60566-406-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kags8xC1xzsC&pg=PA260 |editor1=Nigel K. Li Pope |editor2=Kerri-Ann L. Kuhn |editor3=John J.H. Forster |access-date=March 14, 2012 |page=260}}</ref>

Japanese media giant [[Nintendo]] released 9 out of the 10 top selling games of the 2000s, further establishing the company's dominance over the market.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 25, 2010 |title=Top 10 Best Selling Video Games (2000–2010) Mutiplatform<!--sic--> |url=http://top-10er.blogspot.com/2010/03/top-10-best-selling-video-games-2000.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316124732/http://top-10er.blogspot.com/2010/03/top-10-best-selling-video-games-2000.html |archive-date=March 16, 2012 |access-date=February 6, 2016}}</ref>

[[Sega Corporation]], usually styled as '''SEGA''', is a Japanese [[multinational corporation|multinational]] video game software developer and an [[arcade game|arcade software]] and [[Video game arcade cabinet|hardware]] development company headquartered in [[Japan]], with various offices around the world. Sega previously developed and manufactured its own brand of [[video game console|home video game consoles]] from 1983 to 2001, but a restructure was announced on January 31, 2001, that ceased continued production of its existing home console ([[Dreamcast]]), effectively exiting the company from the home console business.<ref name="SegaRestructure">{{cite web |title=Sega announces drastic restructuring |first=Shahed |last=Ahmed |website=[[GameSpot]] |url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/2680518.html |date=January 31, 2001 |access-date=September 20, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090914162404/http://www.gamespot.com/news/2680518.html |archive-date=September 14, 2009}}</ref> In spite of that, SEGA would go on to produce several videogames such as ''[[Super Monkey Ball]]'' franchise, the [[Sega Ages 2500#Sega Ages 2500 (PlayStation 2)|Sega Ages 2500]] PlayStation 2 games,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hardcore Gaming 101: Sega Ages |url=https://hg101.kontek.net/segaages/segaages.htm |access-date=2020-07-07 |website=hg101.kontek.net}}</ref> ''[[Hatsune Miku: Project DIVA (video game)|Hatsune Miku: Project DIVA]]'', ''[[Sonic Adventure 2]]'', ''[[Sonic Heroes]]'', ''[[Rez (video game)|Rez]]'', ''[[Shadow the Hedgehog (video game)|Shadow the Hedgehog]]'', ''[[Virtua Fighter 4]]'', ''[[After Burner Climax]]'', ''[[Valkyria Chronicles]]'', ''[[Sonic Pinball Party]]'', ''[[Bayonetta (video game)|Bayonetta]]'', ''[[Jet Set Radio]]'', ''[[Puyo Pop Fever]]'', ''[[Thunder Force VI]]'', ''[[Shenmue II]]'', ''[[Phantasy Star Online]]'', ''[[Yakuza 2]]'', ''[[Gunstar Super Heroes]]'', ''[[Astro Boy: Omega Factor]]'', ''[[OutRun 2006: Coast 2 Coast]]'' and ''[[Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEGAbits presents The Top 100 SEGA Games |url=http://segabits.com/blog/2017/05/09/segabits-presents-the-top-100-sega-games/ |access-date=2020-07-05 |website=SEGAbits presents The Top 100 SEGA Games |date=May 9, 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref>

'''Game of the Year'''

''from the [[Game Developers Choice Awards]] starting in 2001 (awards are given to games of the previous calendar year).''
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* 2000 – ''[[The Sims (video game)|The Sims]]''
* 2001 – ''[[Grand Theft Auto III]]''
* 2002 – ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]''
* 2003 – ''[[Tony Hawk's Underground]]''
* 2004 – ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]''
* 2005 – ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories]]''
* 2006 – ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories]]''
* 2007 – ''[[Portal (video game)|Portal]]''
* 2008 – ''[[Fallout 3]]''
* 2009 – ''[[Uncharted 2: Among Thieves]]''
}}'''Best selling games of every year'''

''In some years, sources disagree on the best-selling game.''
* 2000: ''[[Pokémon Stadium]]''<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Webb |first=Kevin |date=2019-09-12 |title=The best-selling video game of every year, from 1995 to 2018 |url=https://www.businessinsider.nl/best-selling-video-game-every-year-2018-11/ |access-date=2021-06-29 |website=Business Insider |language=}}</ref> or ''[[Pokémon Crystal]]''<ref name="Best97">{{Cite web |last=Welch |first=Hanuman |date=April 23, 2013 |title=The Best Selling Video Game Of Every Year Since 1977 |url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2013/04/the-best-video-games-to-come-out-every-year-since-the-atari-2600/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112230159/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2013/04/the-best-video-games-to-come-out-every-year-since-the-atari-2600/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=2021-06-29 |website=Complex |language=en}}</ref>
* 2001: ''[[Madden NFL 2002]]''<ref name=":3" /> or ''[[Grand Theft Auto III]]''<ref name="Best97" />
* 2002: ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]''<ref name=":3" /><ref name="Best97" />
* 2003: ''[[Madden NFL 2004]]''<ref name=":3" /> or ''[[Tony Hawk's Underground]]''<ref name="Best97" />
* 2004: ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]''<ref name=":3" /><ref name="Best97" />
* 2005: ''[[Madden NFL 06]]''<ref name=":3" /> or ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories]]''<ref name="Best97" />
* 2006: ''[[Madden NFL 07]]''<ref name=":3" /> or ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories]]''<ref name="Best97" />
* 2007: ''[[Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock]]''<ref name=":3" /> or ''[[Wii Sports]]''<ref name="Best97" />
* 2008: ''[[Rock Band (video game)|Rock Band]]''<ref name=":3" /> or ''[[Wii Play]]''<ref name="Best97" />
* 2009: ''[[Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2]]''<ref name=":3" /> or ''[[Wii Sports]]'']<ref name="Best97" />

=== Theater ===
Theater plays and musicals from the decade include ''[[Wicked (musical)|Wicked]]'', ''[[War Horse (play)|War Horse]]'', ''[[Billy Elliot: The Musical]]'', ''[[Hairspray (musical)|Hairspray]]'', ''[[The Producers (musical)|The Producers]]'', and ''[[Spamalot]]''.

=== Writing ===
{{See also|2000s in literature}}
* The decade saw the rise of digital media as opposed to the use of print, and the steady decline of printed books in countries where [[e-book|e-readers]] had become available.
* The deaths of [[John Updike]], [[Hunter S. Thompson]], and other authors marked the end of various major writing careers influential during the late 20th century.
* Popular book series such as ''[[Harry Potter]]'', ''[[Twilight (novel series)|Twilight]]'' and [[Dan Brown]]'s "''[[Robert Langdon]]''" (consisting of ''[[Angels & Demons]]'', ''[[The Da Vinci Code]]'', and ''[[The Lost Symbol]]'') saw increased interest in various genres such as [[fantasy]], [[romance film|romance]], [[vampire fiction]], and [[detective fiction]], as well as [[young adult fiction]] in general.
* [[Manga]] (also known as Japanese comics) became popular among the international audience, mostly in English-speaking countries. Such popular manga works include ''[[Lucky Star (manga)|Lucky Star]]'', ''[[Fullmetal Alchemist]]'' and ''[[Naruto]]''.
* On July 19, 2001, English author and former politician, [[Jeffrey Archer]], was found guilty of perjury and perverting the course of justice at a 1987 libel trial. He was sentenced to four years' imprisonment.
* ''[[Peter Pan in Scarlet]]'' is a novel by [[Geraldine McCaughrean]]. It is an official sequel to Scottish author and dramatist [[J. M. Barrie]]'s ''[[Peter and Wendy]]'', authorised by [[Great Ormond Street Hospital]], to whom Barrie granted all rights to the character and original writings in 1929. McCaughrean was selected following a competition launched in 2004, in which novelists were invited to submit a sample chapter and plot outline.<ref>"How This Book Came About", ''Peter Pan in Scarlet'', preface.</ref>
* [[J. K. Rowling]] was the best-selling author in the decade overall thanks to the ''[[Harry Potter]]'' book series,<ref name="nought lit">{{Cite news |last=Savage |first=Mark |date=2009-12-31 |title=The noughties in literature |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8424600.stm |access-date=2021-11-10 |work=BBC Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> although she did not pen the best-selling book (at least in the UK), being second to ''[[The Da Vinci Code]]'',<ref name="nought lit" /> which had 5.2 million in the UK by 2009<ref name="nought lit" /> and 80 million worldwide by 2012.<ref>[http://www.mercurynews.com/celebrities/ci_12530761 San José Mercury News] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113003131/http://www.mercurynews.com/celebrities/ci_12530761|date=2012-01-13}} on ''The Da Vinci Code'': "That earlier book has sold more than 80 million copies worldwide, was adapted into a movie and made hits out of Brown's previous novels, including "Angels & Demons," whose film version is now in theaters." (5 June 2009)</ref>

=== Sports ===
{{Main|2000s in sports}}'''Major sporting events'''[[File:Michael Phelps Ryan Lochte Laszlo Cseh medals 2008 Olympics.jpg|thumb|[[Michael Phelps]] holds his gold medal on the podium during the 2008 Olympics. Pictured with [[Ryan Lochte]] (left) and [[László Cseh]] (right)]]
The Sydney [[2000 Summer Olympics]], followed the centennial anniversary of the modern era Olympic Games, held in Atlanta in 1996. The Athens [[2004 Summer Olympics]], were a strong symbol, for modern Olympic Games were inspired by the competitions organized in [[Ancient Greece]]. Finally, the [[2008 Summer Olympics|Beijing Games]] saw the emergence of China as a major sports power, with the highest number of titles for the first time. The [[2002 Winter Games|2002 Salt Lake City]] and the [[2006 Winter Games|2006 Turin]] Winter Olympic Games were also major events, though slightly less popular.

Association football's important events included two World Cups, one organized in [[2002 FIFA World Cup|South Korea and Japan]], which saw Brazil win a record fifth title, and the other in [[2006 FIFA World Cup|Germany]], which saw Italy win its fourth title. The regional competitions, the [[Copa América]] and [[UEFA European Championship]], saw five nations rising the cup: Colombia (2001) and Brazil (2004, 2007) won the Copa América, while France (2000), Greece (2004) and Spain (2008) won the European Championship.

In 2001, after the [[9/11 attacks]], both the [[National Football League]] and [[Major League Baseball]] canceled their upcoming games for a week. As a result, the [[2001 World Series|World Series]] would be played in November for the first time and the [[Super Bowl XXXVI|Super Bowl]] would be played in February for the first time.

The expansion and rise of the [[Ultimate Fighting Championship]] (UFC) occurred after the airing of [[The Ultimate Fighter]] in 2005.

[[Rugby football|Rugby]] increased in size and audience, as the [[Rugby World Cup]] became the third most watched sporting event in the world with the [[2007 Rugby World Cup]] organized in France.

[[Bloodgate]] is the nickname for a rugby union scandal involving the English team Harlequins in their Heineken Cup match against the Irish side Leinster on April 12, 2009. It was so called because of the use of fake blood capsules, and has been seen by some as one of the biggest scandals in rugby since professionalization in the mid-1990s, indeed even as an argument against the professional ethos. The name is a pun on Watergate.

The [[New York Yankees]] won the first [[Major League Baseball]] [[World Series]] of the decade in 2000, as well as the last World Series of the decade in 2009. The [[Boston Red Sox]] won their first [[World Series]] since 1918 in 2004 and then again in 2007.

The [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] won a record sixth Super Bowl on February 1, 2009, against the [[Arizona Cardinals]]. Pittsburgh's Super Bowl win would remain the championship record for an NFL franchise until [[Super Bowl LIII|a decade later]] when the [[New England Patriots]] defeated the [[Los Angeles Rams]] to tie the Super Bowl championship record.

'''Athletes'''

One of the most prominent events of the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] held in Beijing was the achievement of [[Michael Phelps]] the American swimmer, frequently cited as the greatest swimmer and one of the greatest Olympians of all time.<ref>{{cite news |title=5 things we learned about Michael Phelps |url=http://www.nbcolympics.com/swimming/news/newsid=229303.html |first=Pamela |last=Barone |date=August 17, 2008 |access-date=July 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091103052144/http://www.nbcolympics.com/swimming/news/newsid%3D229303.html |archive-date=November 3, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Phelps officially world's greatest athlete ever |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna26194188 |work=[[NBC News]] |first=Mike |last=Celizic |date=August 16, 2008 |access-date=July 30, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Forde |first=Pat |author-link=Pat Forde |date=August 13, 2008 |title=It's over, there are no arguments ... Phelps is the best ever |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/summer08/columns/story?columnist=forde_pat&id=3532594 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225094027/http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/summer08/columns/story?columnist=forde_pat&id=3532594 |archive-date=December 25, 2013 |access-date=July 30, 2009 |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> He has won 14 career Olympic [[gold medals]], the most by any Olympian. As of August 2, 2009, Phelps has broken thirty-seven [[List of world records in swimming|world records in swimming]]. Phelps holds the record for the most gold medals won in a single Olympics, his eight at the [[2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Beijing Games]] surpassed American swimmer [[Mark Spitz]]'s seven-gold performance at [[1972 Summer Olympics|Munich]] in 1972.

{{multiple image
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| image2            = Lipofsky Shaquille O'Neal.jpg
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| footer            = [[Kobe Bryant]] (left) and [[Shaquille O'Neal]] both helped the Lakers [[three-peat]] during the early 2000s.
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[[Usain Bolt]] of [[Jamaica]] dominated the male sprinting events at the Beijing Olympics, in which he broke three world records, allowing him to be the first man to ever accomplish this at a single Olympic game. He holds the world record for the 100&nbsp;metres (despite slowing down before the finish line to celebrate), the 200&nbsp;metres and, along with his teammates, the 4 × 100 metres relay.

The [[Los Angeles Lakers]] won 3 NBA championships in a row from [[2000]] to [[2002]], also known as a [[Three-peat]], led by [[Kobe Bryant]] and [[Shaquille O'Neal]].

In 2003, [[Michael Jordan]] retired from the NBA after 2 season with the [[Washington Wizards]], the official NBA website reading in 2006: "By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time."<ref>{{cite web |title=Michael Jordan Bio |url=http://www.nba.com/history/players/jordan_bio.html |publisher=NBA |access-date=March 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902114359/http://www.nba.com/history/players/jordan_bio.html |archive-date=September 2, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Popular [[extreme sports]] athletes of the decade included [[Tony Hawk]], [[Shaun White]], [[Kelly Slater]], [[Travis Pastrana]], [[Matt Hoffman]], [[Shaun Murray]], [[Sarah Burke]], and more.

[[File:Michelle Kwan Spiral.jpg|thumb|210px|[[Michelle Kwan]] performing in the [[2002 U.S. Figure Skating Championships]]]]
Towards the middle of the decade, [[Michelle Kwan]] became the most decorated [[figure skater]] in U.S. history.<ref name=USbio>{{Cite web |url=http://www.usfigureskating.org/AthleteBio.asp?id=2267 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050424083301/http://www.usfigureskating.org/AthleteBio.asp?id=2267 |url-status=dead |title=Athlete bio at usfigureskating.org |archive-date=April 24, 2005}}</ref>

[[Michael Schumacher]], the most titled F1 driver, won five [[F1 World Championship]]s during the decade and finally retired in 2006, yet eventually confirming his come-back to F1 for 2010. [[Lance Armstrong]] won all the [[Tour de France]] between 1999 and 2005, also an all-time record, but was later stripped of all his titles when evidence emerged of his use of performance-enhancing drugs. Swiss tennis player [[Roger Federer]] won 16 [[Grand Slam title]]s to become the most titled player.

The decade saw the continued rise of several of the most notable and popular [[quarterbacks]] in [[NFL]] history, including [[Peyton Manning]], [[Tom Brady]], [[Brett Favre]], [[Drew Brees]], [[Ben Roethlisberger]], [[Donovan McNabb]], [[Kurt Warner]], [[Eli Manning]], [[Steve McNair]], [[Tony Romo]] and others.

'''Timeline of sporting events'''

In May 2004, [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] became the only top-tier team to go through an entire league season (2003/4) unbeaten when they won the English Premier League and became 'The Invincibles'. This feat had also been achieved in the 19th century, when the league was in its infancy and there were far fewer matches in a season, but not in the modern era. Arsenal's unbeaten run extended to 49 matches in total, and into the subsequent season.

In September 2004, [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] footballer [[Adrian Mutu]] failed a drugs test for cocaine and was released on October 29, 2004. He also received a seven-month ban and a £20,000 fine from [[The Football Association]].

The [[2006 Italian football scandal]], also known as "''Calciopoli''", involved Italy's top professional football leagues, [[Serie A]] and [[Serie B]]. The scandal was uncovered in May 2006 by Italian police, implicating league champions [[Juventus FC|Juventus]], and other major teams including [[A.C. Milan]], [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]], [[S.S. Lazio|Lazio]] and [[Reggina 1914|Reggina]] when a number of telephone interceptions showed a thick network of relations between team managers and referee organisations. Juventus were the champions of Serie A at the time. The teams have been accused of rigging games by selecting favourable referees.

The [[2006 FIFA World Cup Final]] in Berlin, [[Zinedine Zidane]] widely considered by experts and fans as one of the greatest football players of all time, was sent off in the 110th minute of the game, which was to be the last match of his career. After headbutting [[Marco Materazzi]] in the chest, Zidane did not participate in the penalty shootout, which Italy won 5–3. It was later discovered through interviews that Materazzi had insulted Zidane's mother and sister that last moment which is what led to Zidane's heightened anger and reaction.

January 11, 2007 – When English footballer [[David Beckham]] joined the [[Major League Soccer]]'s [[LA Galaxy|Los Angeles Galaxy]], he was given the highest player salary in the league's history; with his playing contract with the Galaxy over the next three years being worth US$6.5&nbsp;million per year.<ref name="galaxy-millions">{{cite news |title=Beckham rejected Milan and Inter to take Galaxy millions |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/beckham-rejected-milan-and-inter-to-take-galaxy-millions-431736.html |work=The Independent |date=January 12, 2007 |access-date=September 9, 2008 |location=London |first=Sam |last=Wallace |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308193915/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/beckham-rejected-milan-and-inter-to-take-galaxy-millions-431736.html |archive-date=March 8, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mlsplayers.org/files/8_31_07_salary_info_alpha.pdf |title=2007 MLS Player Salaries: August 31, 2007: Alphabetical |access-date=February 25, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724203535/http://www.mlsplayers.org/files/8_31_07_salary_info_alpha.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mlsplayers.org/files/9_7_08_salary_info_alpha.pdf |title=2008 MLS Player Salaries: October 7, 2008: Alphabetical |access-date=February 25, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724203456/http://www.mlsplayers.org/files/9_7_08_salary_info_alpha.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mlsplayers.org/files/september_15_2009_salary_information__alphabetical.pdf |title=2009 MLS Player Salaries: September 15, 2009: Alphabetical |access-date=February 25, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724203636/http://www.mlsplayers.org/files/september_15_2009_salary_information__alphabetical.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013}}</ref>

October 2007 – US world champion [[track and field]] athlete [[Marion Jones]] admitted that she took performance-enhancing drugs as far back as the 2000 Summer Olympics, and that she had lied about it to a grand jury investigating performance-enhancer creations.

November 29, 2007 – [[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]] football manager [[Harry Redknapp]] angrily denied any wrongdoing after being arrested by police investigating alleged corruption in football: "If you are telling me this is how you treat anyone, it is not the society I grew up in."<ref>{{cite news |last=Crook |first=Alex |title=Harry Redknapp hits out at police raid on home |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2327092/Harry-Redknapp-hits-out-at-police-raid-on-home.html |access-date=February 25, 2013 |location=London |date=November 30, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122123625/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2327092/Harry-Redknapp-hits-out-at-police-raid-on-home.html |archive-date=January 22, 2014}}</ref>

The [[2008 Wimbledon final]] between [[Roger Federer]] of Switzerland and [[Rafael Nadal]] of Spain, has been lauded as the greatest match ever by tennis analysts.<ref name="greatestmatchever">{{cite news |first=Bruce |last=Jenkins |title=The Greatest Match Ever |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/07/06/SPP711KSLR.DTL |date=July 7, 2008 |access-date=February 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304234833/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F07%2F06%2FSPP711KSLR.DTL |archive-date=March 4, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="McEnroe-greatestmatch">{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Alleyne |title=Wimbledon 2008: John McEnroe hails Rafael Nadal victory as greatest final ever |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/2305019/Wimbledon-2008-John-McEnroe-hails-Rafael-Nadal-victory-as-greatest-final-ever.html |date=July 7, 2008 |access-date=February 14, 2009 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215035202/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/2305019/Wimbledon-2008-John-McEnroe-hails-Rafael-Nadal-victory-as-greatest-final-ever.html |archive-date=February 15, 2014}}</ref><ref name="wertheim-greatestmatch">{{cite news |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/writers/jon_wertheim/07/09/wertheim.mailbag/index.html |title=Without a doubt, it's the greatest |last=Wertheim |first=Jon |date=July 9, 2008 |work=Tennis Mailbag |publisher=Sports Illustrated |access-date=February 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813175621/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/writers/jon_wertheim/07/09/wertheim.mailbag/index.html |archive-date=August 13, 2013}}</ref><ref name="tignor-greatestmatch">{{cite web |url=http://tennisworld.typepad.com/thewrap/2008/07/w-report-cards.html |title=W: Report Cards |last=Tignor |first=Steve |work=Concrete Elbow |publisher=Tennis.com |date=July 8, 2008 |access-date=February 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819130701/http://tennisworld.typepad.com/thewrap/2008/07/w-report-cards.html |archive-date=August 19, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

British [[Formula One]] racing driver [[Lewis Hamilton]], was disqualified from the [[2009 Australian Grand Prix]] for providing "misleading evidence" during the stewards' hearing. He later privately apologised to FIA race director Charlie Whiting for having lied to the stewards.

In 2009, the [[World football transfer record]] was set by Spanish football club [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] when it purchased [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]'s [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] for £80&nbsp;million (€93&nbsp;million). Manchester United veteran [[Bobby Charlton|Sir Bobby Charlton]] said the world-record offer shocked him:

{{blockquote|1="It's a lot of money, it's crazy really. If you want to be in the race, you have to pay the price, it seems sometimes a little bit vulgar."<ref>{{cite news |title=Ronaldo price vulgar – Charlton |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/8107965.stm |work=BBC |access-date=February 21, 2013 |date=June 18, 2009}}</ref>}}'''Controversies in sports'''

A number of [[concerns and controversies over the 2008 Summer Olympics]] surfaced before, during, and after the 2008 Summer Olympics, and which received major media coverage. Leading up to the Olympics, there were concerns about human rights in China, such that many high-profile individuals, such as politicians and celebrities, announced intentions to boycott the games to protest China's role in the Darfur conflict, and Myanmar, its stance towards Tibet, or other aspects of its human rights record. In a 2008 ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' article entitled "Why Nobody's Boycotting Beijing", Vivienne Walt wrote:
'Leaders in power are more mindful of China's colossal clout in an increasingly shaky world economy, and therefore of the importance of keeping good relations with its government.'<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Walt |first=Vivienne |date=July 16, 2008 |title=Why Nobody's Boycotting Beijing |url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1823561,00.html |magazine=Time |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822212632/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0%2C8599%2C1823561%2C00.html |archive-date=August 22, 2013 |access-date=February 11, 2013}}</ref>

[[Ron Atkinson]], is an English former football player and manager. In recent years he has become one of Britain's best-known football pundits.
Ron Atkinson's media work came to an abrupt halt on April 21, 2004, when he was urged to resign from [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] by Brian Barwick after he broadcast a [[Racism|racial]] remark live on air about the [[Black people|black]] [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] player [[Marcel Desailly]]; believing the microphone to be switched off, he said, ''"...he'' [Desailly] ''is what is known in some schools as a lazy [[nigger]]"''.<ref>{{cite news |date=February 24, 2010 |title=Ron Atkinson calls Marcel Desailly a 'lazy nigger' on live TV |publisher=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olu8HWhcUeU |access-date=January 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101113827/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olu8HWhcUeU |archive-date=November 1, 2013}}</ref>

[[Steroids]] also spread the sports world throughout the decade, mainly used in [[Major League Baseball]]. Players involved included [[Barry Bonds]], [[Mark McGwire]], [[Sammy Sosa]] and [[Alex Rodriguez]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jussim |first=Matthew |date=2022-05-31 |title=15 biggest sports doping scandals |url=https://www.mensjournal.com/sports/15-biggest-steroid-ped-and-doping-scandals-sports-history |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=Men's Journal |language=en}}</ref>

The sport of [[fox hunting]] is controversial, particularly in the UK, where it was banned in [[Scotland]] in 2002, and in [[England and Wales]] in November 2004 (law enforced from February 2005), though shooting foxes as vermin remained legal around the world.

== See also ==
{{Portal|2000s|History|Modern history}}
* [[List of decades, centuries, and millennia|List of decades]]

=== Timeline ===
The following articles contain brief timelines which list the most prominent events of the decade:

=== 2000s ===
{{hlist|[[2000]]| [[2001]] |[[2002]]| [[2003]] |[[2004]]|[[2005]]| [[2006]] | [[2007]] | [[2008]] | [[2009]]}}

== Footnotes ==
{{notelist}}

{{Reflist|group="note"}}

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |ref=none |last=London |first=Herbert I. |title=The Transformational Decade: Snapshots of a Decade from 9/11 to the Obama Presidency |location=Lanham, MD |publisher=University Press of America |year=2012 |oclc=793224272}}

== External links ==
{{wiktionary|aughts|noughties}}
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101213030215/http://www.vogue.co.uk/celebrity-photos/101206-the-noughties-.aspx The fashions, trends and people that defined the decade, VOGUE.COM UK]
* [https://www.reuters.com/news/pictures/slideshow?articleId=USRTXRYG2#a=1 100 Top Pictures of the Decade] – slideshow by [[Reuters]]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8409040.stm "A portrait of the decade"], BBC, December 14, 2009
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130821023851/http://www.mrpopculture.com/the-2000s 2000–2009 Video Timeline]

{{DEFAULTSORT:2000s (Decade)}}
[[Category:2000s| ]]
[[Category:20th century]]
[[Category:21st century]]
[[Category:Contemporary history]]