Editing 260

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|260|the locomotive|2-6-0}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}
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{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:HumiliationValerianusHolbein.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|The humiliation of Emperor [[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]] ([[Hans Holbein the Younger]], ca. 1521)]] 
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Year '''260''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CCLX]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Saecularis and Donatus''' (or, less frequently, '''year 1013 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 260 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Roman Empire ====
* [[Battle of Edessa]]: With a large army, said to number 70,000 men, [[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]] attempts to drive the Persians back from Edessa. The Roman army is surrounded and most of its troops are killed or captured. Valerian is taken prisoner for the remainder of his life.
* King [[Shapur I]] captures Valerian.<ref>{{cite journal | page=136 | title=The Coinage of Vabalathus and Zenobia from Antioch and Alexandria | first=Roger | last=Bland | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42667232 | access-date=February 9, 2024 | journal=The Numismatic Chronicle | volume=171 | year=2011| jstor=42667232 }}</ref>
* King Shapur I sends Valerian to [[Bishapur]] and uses the captured [[Roman army]] for engineering plans. They construct the ''[[Band-e Kaisar]]'' ("Bridge of Valerian").
* [[Gallienus]] becomes the sole emperor of [[Ancient Rome|Rome]]; during his reign the [[Pannonia]]n governor [[Ingenuus]] revolts on the [[Danube]].
* Gallienus evacuates the [[fortification]]s ([[Limes (Roman Empire)|limes]]) in the ''[[Agri Decumates]]'' ([[Germania Superior]]), covering the [[Black Forest]] area in the face of invading [[Alamanni]].              
* Gallienus establishes himself at [[Mediolanum]] (modern [[Milan]]); he reorganizes the army, supported by elite [[cavalry]], and dispatches troops to the [[Rhine]] frontier.
* [[Postumus]], Roman [[usurper]], forms the [[Gallic Empire]] and protects the Rhine against an invasion of [[Germanic peoples|Germanic tribes]].  
* [[Saloninus]], son of Gallienus, is proclaimed ''[[Augustus (title)|Augustus]]'' by his troops. Postumus besieges [[Cologne]], where [[Silvanus (praetorian prefect)|Silvanus]] is [[praetorian prefect]] and Roman ruler of [[Gaul]].
* Postumus executes Saloninus and his adviser Silvanus after breaching the walls of Cologne. He is recognized as emperor and establishes his capital at [[Trier]].
* Postumus wins over all the [[Roman province]]s west of the [[Alps]], including Gaul, [[Roman Britain|Britain]] and [[Hispania]].       
* The Roman [[castellum|fort]]  of [[Wiesbaden]] ([[Germany]]) is captured by the Alamanni.
* The [[Franks]] take control over the [[Scheldt]] estuary (approximate date).

==== Persia ====
* [[Sassanid dynasty|Persian]] king [[Shapur I]] destroys [[Caesarea Mazaca]] in [[Asia Minor]].

==== China ====
* Emperor [[Cao Mao]] of [[Cao Wei|Former Wei]] state attempts to lead a [[Coup of Cao Mao|coup]] against the powerful regent [[Sima Zhao]], but he himself is killed before it comes to a confrontation.
* [[June 2]] &ndash; Cao Mao is killed in a ''[[coup d'état]]'' against Sima Zhao. The 14-year-old [[Cao Huan]] becomes ruler of Former Wei, but the Sima clan controls the state.

=== By topic ===
==== Art and Science ====
* Earliest known date of [[Origins of chess|chess]] (approximate date).

==== Religion ====
* Pope [[Pope Dionysius|Dionysius]] convenes a [[synod]] at Rome to demand an explanation from bishop [[Dionysius of Alexandria]], who has been charged with separating the members of the [[Trinity]] as three distinct deities.  
* [[Paul of Samosata]] becomes [[List of Patriarchs of Antioch|Patriarch of Antioch]].
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Eusebius|Eusebius of Caesarea]], Greek bishop and historian (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* [[June 2]] &ndash; [[Cao Mao]], Chinese emperor of the [[Cao Wei]] state (b. [[241]]) 
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Empress Cao (Han dynasty)|Cao Jie]], Chinese empress of the [[Han dynasty|Han Dynasty]] (b. [[197]])
* [[Chen Tai]] (or '''Xuanbo'''), Chinese general and politician
* [[Regalianus]] (or '''Regalian'''), Roman general and [[usurper]]
* [[Saloninus]], Roman emperor and son of [[Gallienus]] (b.[[242]])
* [[Shapur Meshanshah]], Sasanian prince and governor
* [[Sun Liang]], Chinese emperor of the [[Eastern Wu]] state (b. [[243]]) 
* [[Valerian (emperor)|Valerianus I]], Roman consul and emperor (approximate date)
* [[Wang Guan (Three Kingdoms)|Wang Guan]] (or '''Weitai'''), Chinese official and politician
* [[Wang Jing (Three Kingdoms)|Wang Jing]] (or '''Yanwei'''), Chinese official and politician

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:260| ]]

[[als:260er#260]]