Editing 3412 Kafka

{{Short description|Asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2013}}
{{Infobox planet
 | minorplanet     = yes
 | name            = 3412 Kafka
 | background      = #D6D6D6
 | image           = 
 | image_size      = 
 | caption         = 
 | discovery_ref   = <ref name="jpldata" />
 | discovered      = 10 January 1983
 | discoverer      = [[Randolph L. Kirk|R. Kirk]]<br />[[Donald James Rudy|D. Rudy]]
 | discovery_site  = [[Palomar Observatory|Palomar Obs.]]
 | mpc_name        = (3412) Kafka
 | alt_names       = {{mp|1983 AU|2}}{{·}}1942 YB<br />{{mp|1977 FF|3}}{{·}}{{mp|1978 PA|2}}<br />{{mp|1978 QE|1}}
 | named_after     = [[Franz Kafka]]<br />{{small|(Austrian–Czech writer)}}<ref name="springer" />
 | mp_category     = [[main-belt]]
 | orbit_ref       = <ref name="jpldata" />
 | epoch           = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
 | uncertainty     = 0
 | observation_arc = 74.42 yr (27,182 days)
 | aphelion        = 2.4565 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
 | perihelion      = 1.9925 AU
 | semimajor       = 2.2245 AU
 | eccentricity    = 0.1043
 | period          = 3.32 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,212 days)
 | mean_anomaly    = 194.88[[Degree (angle)|°]]
 | inclination     = 2.9731°
 | asc_node        = 307.60°
 | arg_peri        = 117.70°
 | dimensions      = {{val|6.084|0.080}} km<ref name="Masiero-2014" />
 | rotation        = {{val|2766|40}} [[hour|h]]<ref name="Erasmus-2021" />
 | albedo          = {{val|0.231|0.076}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" />
 | spectral_type   = 
 | abs_magnitude   = 13.4<ref name="jpldata" />
}}

'''3412 Kafka''', provisional designation {{mp|1983 AU|2}}, is an [[asteroid]] from the inner regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 January 1983, by American astronomers [[Randolph L. Kirk|Randolph Kirk]] and [[Donald James Rudy|Donald Rudy]] at [[Palomar Observatory]] in California, United States.<ref name="MPC-Kafka" />{{sfn|Edberg|Levy|1994|p=80}} The asteroid was named after writer [[Franz Kafka]].<ref name="springer" />

== Orbit and classification ==

Kafka orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|inner]] main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.5&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 4 months (1,212 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.10 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 3[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> It was first identified as {{mp|1942 YB}} at the Finnish [[Turku Observatory]] in 1942, extending the body's [[observation arc]] by 41 years prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar.<ref name="MPC-Kafka" />

== Physical characteristics ==

According to the survey carried out by NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]] with its subsequent [[NEOWISE]] mission, Kafka measures 6.1 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.231.<ref name="Masiero-2014" /> Kafka is a superslow rotator. Its rotation period of 2,766 hours (about 115 days) is among the longest of any known asteroid.<ref name="Erasmus-2021">{{cite journal|title=Discovery of superslow rotating asteroids with ATLAS and ZTF photometry|author1= Erasmus, N.|author2=Kramer, D.|author3=McNeill, A.|author4=Trilling, D. E.|author5=Janse van Rensburg, P.|author6=van Belle, G. T.|author7=Tonry, J. L.|author8=Denneau, L.|author9=Heinze, A.|author10=Weiland, H. J.|arxiv=2106.16066|doi=10.1093/mnras/stab1888|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=506|issue=3|pages=3872–3881|date=September 2021|doi-access= free|bibcode=2021MNRAS.506.3872E}}</ref><ref name="lcdb" />

== Naming ==

This [[minor planet]] was named after [[Franz Kafka]] (1883–1924), Austrian–Czech writer of novels and short stories, in which protagonists are faced with bizarre or surrealistic situations.<ref name="springer" /> The approved naming citation was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 13 February 1987 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 11641}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />

== References ==
{{Reflist| refs =

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
  |type       = 2017-06-02 last obs.
  |title      = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3412 Kafka (1983 AU2)
  |url        = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2003412
  |publisher  = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
  |access-date = 17 June 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book
  |title      = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (3412) Kafka
  |last       = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
  |publisher  = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
  |page       = 284
  |date       = 2007
  |isbn       = 978-3-540-00238-3
  |doi       = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3412 |chapter       = (3412) Kafka }}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Kafka">{{cite web
  |title      = 3412 Kafka (1983 AU2)
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=3412
  |access-date = 5 December 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
  |title      = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
  |access-date = 5 December 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal
  |display-authors = 6
  |first1     = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
  |first2     = T. |last2 = Grav
  |first3     = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer
  |first4     = C. R. |last4 = Nugent
  |first5     = J. M. |last5 = Bauer
  |first6     = R. |last6 = Stevenson
  |first7     = S. |last7 = Sonnett
  |date       = August 2014
  |title      = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos
  |journal    = The Astrophysical Journal
  |volume     = 791
  |issue      = 2
  |page       = 11
  |bibcode    = 2014ApJ...791..121M
  |doi        = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121
  |arxiv      = 1406.6645
  }}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
  |title      = LCDB Data for (3412) Kafka
  |publisher  = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
  |url        = https://www.minorplanet.info/php/lcdbsummaryquery.php
  |access-date = 10 September 2023}} (Enter 3412 as upper and lower range for the asteroid number, then press "submit".)</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

;Bibliography
* {{cite book
  | last1 = Edberg
  | first1 = Stephen J.
  | last2 = Levy
  | first2 = David H.
  | title = Observing, Comets, Asteroids, Meteors, and the Zodiacal Light
  | year = 1994
  | publisher = Cambridge University Press
  | location = Cambridge
  | isbn = 978-0-521-42003-7
}}

== External links ==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|3412}}
* {{JPL small body}}

{{Franz Kafka}}
{{Minor planets navigator |3411 Debetencourt |number=3412 |3413 Andriana}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kafka}}
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Franz Kafka|3412 Kafka]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1983|19830110]]