Editing 421

{{About year|421}}
{{For|the airplane|Cessna 421}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{One source|date=March 2019}}
{{Year nav|421}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:Solidus Constantius III-RIC 1325.jpg|thumb|[[Solidus (coin)|Solidus]] of Emperor [[Constantius III]]]]
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Year '''421''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CDXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of [[Agricola (consul 421)|Agricola]] and [[Eustathius (consul)|Eustathius]]''' (or, less frequently, '''year 1174 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 421 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Roman Empire ====
* [[February 8]] &ndash; [[Constantius III]] is appointed co-emperor (''[[Augustus (title)|Augustus]]'') with his ineffectual brother-in-law, [[Honorius (emperor)|Honorius]], and becomes the real ruler of the [[Western Roman Empire]].
* [[March 25]] &ndash; [[Venice]] is founded at twelve o'clock noon (according to legend) with the dedication of the first church, [[San Giacomo di Rialto|San Giacomo]], at the islet of [[Rialto]] ([[Italy]]).  
* [[June 7]] &ndash; Emperor [[Theodosius II]] marries [[Aelia Eudocia]], a woman of Greek origin. The [[wedding]] is celebrated at [[Constantinople]] with [[chariot racing]] in the [[Hippodrome of Constantinople|Hippodrome]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Holum |first=Kenneth G. |title=Theodosian Empresses: Women and Imperial Dominion in Late Antiquity |date=1989-10-25 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-06801-8 |pages=115 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 2]] &ndash; Constantius III dies suddenly of an illness; his wife [[Galla Placidia]] becomes, for the second time, a [[widow]]. She departs with her children [[Justa Grata Honoria|Grata Honoria]] and [[Valentinian III|Valentinian]] to the court of Constantinople.
* [[Castinus campaign against the Franks]]: A Roman army under command of [[Castinus]] fights against the Franks in Northern Gaul.

==== Europe ====
* [[Rugila]], chieftain of the [[Huns]], attacks the [[Roman diocese|diocese]]s of [[Diocese of Dacia|Dacia]] and [[Diocese of Thrace|Thrace]] ([[Balkans]]). Theodosius II allows [[Pannonia (Roman province)|Pannonian]] [[Ostrogoths]] to settle in Thrace, to defend the [[Danube]] frontier.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
* The [[Franks]] conquer new territories in their kingdom and sack the old [[Roman Empire|Roman]] capital ''[[Augusta Treverorum]]'' (modern [[Trier]]).

==== Persia ====
* [[Roman–Sassanid War (421–422)|Roman–Sassanid War]]: Theodosius II starts a war against the [[Sassanids]], sending an expeditionary force under command of [[Ardabur (consul 427)|Ardaburius]], and invades [[Mesopotamia]]. 
* Autumn &ndash; Ardaburius devastates [[Aghdznik|Arzanene]] ([[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Armenia]]) and forces the Persians to retreat to [[Nusaybin|Nisibis]] ([[Syria]]). King [[Bahram V]] allies himself with the [[Lakhmids|Lakhmid Arabs]] of [[Al-Hirah|Hirah]].
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== Births ==
{{empty section|date=October 2017}}

== Deaths ==
* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[Constantius III]], emperor of the [[Western Roman Empire]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Constantius III {{!}} Biography & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Constantius-III |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=17 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Emperor Gong of Jin|Jin Gongdi]], last emperor of the [[Jin Dynasty (265-420)|Jin Dynasty]] (b. [[386]])
* [[Li Xun (Western Liang)|Li Xun]], ruler of the Chinese state [[Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Western Liang]]
* [[Mary of Egypt]], [[patron saint]] (approximate date)
* [[Ravina I]], [[rabbi]] (teacher) and Jewish  [[Talmud]]ist

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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