Editing 439

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{{About year|439|the number|439 (number)}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2017}}
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[[File:Licinia Eudoxia.JPG|thumb|Empress [[Licinia Eudoxia]]]]
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Year '''439''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CDXXXIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of [[Theodosius II|Theodosius]] and Festus''' (or, less frequently, '''year 1192 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 439 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[Battle of Guoloph]]: Vitalinus (possibly [[Vortigern]]) is defeated at the hands of [[Ambrosius Aurelianus]], and a combined force of Romano-British forces from across southern Britain.
* [[Gothic War (436-439)]]: [[Litorius]], Roman general (''[[Magister militum#per Gallias|Magister militum per Gallias]]''), lays siege to [[Toulouse]]. During the decisive battle before the [[Defensive wall|walls]] he suffers a severe defeat and is killed, and only the heavy loss of [[Visigoths]] makes King [[Theodoric I]] decide to agree to a provisional restoration of the ''[[status quo]]''.
* [[Licinia Eudoxia]], wife of emperor [[Valentinian III]], is granted the title of [[Augusta (honorific)|''Augusta'']] following the birth of their daughter [[Eudocia (daughter of Valentinian III)|Eudocia]].

==== Byzantium ====
* Winter &ndash; [[Huns|Hun]] and [[Roman Empire|Roman]] envoys meet at [[Orašje, Bosnia|Margum]] (modern [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]), an important [[Market (place)|market]] town on the [[Sava|Sava River]]. After negotiations, [[Attila]] and his brother [[Bleda]], who are present, accept a four-point peace plan. [[Trade|Trading]] rights between the two states are confirmed and emperor [[Theodosius II]] pays an annual [[tribute]] of 700 pounds of [[gold]].<ref>The End of Empire (p. 117). Christopher Kelly, 2009. {{ISBN|978-0-393-33849-2}}</ref>

==== Africa ====

* [[Vandal War (439-442)]]: King [[Genseric]] breaks his treaty with the [[Western Roman Empire]] and invades [[Africa (Roman province)|Africa Proconsularis]].
* [[October 19]] &ndash; [[Carthage]] [[Battle of Carthage (439)|falls]] to the [[Vandals]]. Genseric makes it his capital and establishes the [[Vandals|Vandal Kingdom]].
* The Vandals establish a North African [[granary]] that enables them to enforce their will on other nations, who are dependent on [[North Africa]] for [[Cereal|grain]] and other [[Staple food|food staples]].

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[Isaac of Armenia|Isaac the Great]], Armenian apostolic [[patriarch]], dies at Ashtishat. He helped to develop a Greek-inspired [[alphabet]], and translate the [[Bible]], along with various Christian writings, into [[Armenian alphabet|Armenian]].
* The ''Historia Ecclesiastica'' of [[Socrates of Constantinople]] is concluded, perhaps due to the author's death.
* The [[monastery]] of [[Mar Saba]] is founded near [[Bethlehem]] ([[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]).</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Eudocia (daughter of Valentinian III)|Eudocia]], [[Vandals|Vandal]] queen and daughter of [[Valentinian III]]
* [[Emperor Ming of Liu Song|Ming Di]], emperor of the [[Liu Song Dynasty]] (d. [[472]])
* [[Sabbas the Sanctified]], Christian [[monk]] and [[saint]] (d. [[532]])

== Deaths ==
* [[Isaac of Armenia|Isaac]], [[List of Catholicoi of Armenia|patriarch of Armenia]] (b. [[338]])
* [[Litorius]], general of the [[Western Roman Empire]]
* [[Empress Sima Maoying|Sima Maoying]], empress of the Liu Song Dynasty (b. [[393]])   
* [[Spearthrower Owl]], ruler of [[Teotihuacan]] ([[Valley of Mexico|Mexico]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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