Editing 624

{{About year|624|the fictional character also known as Experiment 624|Angel (Lilo & Stitch)}}
{{Year nav|624}}
[[File:Byzantine-persian campaigns 611-624-mohammad adil rais.PNG|upright=1.35|thumb|April 15:Campaign of [[Heraclius]] in [[Anatolia]] and [[Armenia begins]]]]
{{M1 year in topic}}
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Year '''624''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCXXIV]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. The denomination 624 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By date ===
==== January&ndash;June ====
* [[January 26]] &ndash; (29 Rajab 2 AH) The [[Raid on Nakhla]], the first successful raid the Muslims of [[Medina]], against the [[Quraysh]] tribe in [[Mecca]], is carried out by [[Abd Allah ibn Jahsh]], who leads the plunder of a caravan of supplies.
* [[February 11]] &ndash; While praying in the [[Masjid al-Qiblatayn]] in [[Medina]], the Prophet Muhammad receives revelations from God on the ''[[qibla]]'', the direction of prayer, that he should be facing [[Mecca]] rather than [[Jerusalem]] during prayer, beginning an Islamic tradition.<ref name=Watt>{{cite book |last=Watt |first=W. Montgomery |author-link=W. Montgomery Watt |date=1974 |title=Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman |url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadprophets00watt/page/138 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=United Kingdom |pages=137–138 |isbn=0-19-881078-4 }}</ref>
* [[February]] &ndash; [[Tang dynasty|Chinese]] General [[Li Daliang]] leads an army to retake the Yu prefecture, near [[Xuancheng]] in what is now the [[Anhui]] province, from the rebel leader [[Fu Gongshi]].<ref>{{harvnb|''Zizhi Tongjian''|loc=[https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/資治通鑑/卷197 ch. 197.]}}</ref>
* [[March 13]] &ndash; (17 Ramadah 2 AH) The [[Battle of Badr]] takes place in what is now [[Saudi Arabia]] as the Prophet [[Muhammad]] and some 300 of his followers from [[Medina]] surprise a reinforced Meccan [[Caravan (travellers)|caravan]] at [[Badr, Saudi Arabia|Badr]] (modern-day [[Saudi Arabia]]) returning from [[Syria]], and defeat about 1,000 [[Quraysh]] from [[Mecca]]. After having heard that clan leader [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]] is escorting a rich [[trade]] caravan, Muhammad has the wells along its route (southwest of Medina) filled with [[sand]] in order to lure him into battle.
* [[March 25]] &ndash; [[Heraclius]], [[Emperor of Byzantium]], departs from his capital at [[Constantinople]] (now [[Istanbul]] in Turkey) with his wife, the Empress Martina, and two of his children, and does not return for more than four years.
* [[April 9]] &ndash; (15 Shawwal 2 AH) The [[Siege of Banu Qaynuqa]] is started by the Muslims in what is now [[Yathrib]] in Saudi Arabia, four days after [[Ghalib ibn Abd Allah al-Laythi]] is dispatched by the prophet Muhammad.<ref>{{citation|author=Ibn Ishaq|title=Sirat Rasul Allah|page=363|trans-title=The Life of Muhammad|others=transl. Guillaume}}.</ref>
* [[April 15]] &ndash; Emperor Haraclius celebrates Easter at [[Nicomedia]] (now [[İzmit]]) then travels to [[Caesarea in Cappadocia|Caesarea]] (now Kayseri), proceeding during April to [[Panion|Theodosiopolis]]. He leads troops into [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Armenia]] and sacks its capital, [[Dvin (ancient city)|Dvin]].<ref>''The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (A.D. 226-363): A Documentary History'', ed. by Michael H. Dodgeon (Routledge, 1991) p.290</ref>
* [[April 20]] &ndash; (27th day of the 3rd month of the 6th year of the ''Wu'de'' era) [[Du Fuwei]], a Chinese prince who rebelled against [[Sui dynasty]] China and then was rewarded with the title "Prince of Wu" by [[Emperor Gaozu of Tang]], dies suddenly of poisoning, under suspicion that he has been ordered killed by the Emperor.<ref>''[[Old Book of Tang]]'', vol. 56.[https://web.archive.org/web/20071011055105/http://ef.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/ccw/02/tan07.htm]</ref> 
* [[April 20]] &ndash; Heraclius invades the Sassanid Empire (now Iran).<ref>Walter E. Kaegi, ''Heraclius, emperor of Byzantium'' (Cambridge University Press, 2003) p.126</ref>
* [[April 24]] &ndash; [[Justus|St. Justus]] is appointed as the new [[List of archbishops of Canterbury|Archbishop of Canterbury]] by [[Pope Boniface V]] upon the death of [[Mellitus|Archbishop Mellitus]].,<ref>{{cite book |author1=E. B. Fryde |author2=D. E. Greenway |title=Handbook of British Chronology |edition=Third revised |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |year=1996 |page=213 |isbn=0-521-56350-X }}</ref> receiving the [[pallium]] — symbol of the jurisdiction entrusted to archbishops. He oversees the dispatch of [[Missionary|missionaries]] to [[Northumbria]] in northern England to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. 
* [[June 23]] &ndash; While at [[Ganzak]] at what is now northwest Iran, the Sassanid Emperor [[Khosrow II]] (Chosroes) is informed by soldiers who had escaped capture that Emperor Heraclius of Byzantium is preparing a surprise attack. Khosrow dispatches an envoy to inform General [[Shahrbaraz]] to abandon a campaign in Asia Minor and to accompany him to face Heraclius.<ref>Ilkka Syvänne, ''Military History of Late Rome 602–641'' (Pen & Sword Books, 2022) pp.163-165</ref>
* [[June]] &ndash; ([[Dhu al-Hijjah]] AH 2) The [[Invasion of Sawiq]] is carried out against the Muslims by the Quraysh leader, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb.<ref>Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), [https://archive.org/details/sealed-nectar-color/page/331/mode/2up The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet], Darussalam Publications, p. 331</ref>

==== July&ndash;December ====
* [[August 12]] &ndash; The Army of the [[Eastern Turkic Khaganate]], led by [[Illig Qaghan]], clashes with the army of [[Tang dynasty|Tang dynasty China]], led by [[Emperor Taizong of Tang|Taizong, Prince of Qin]] and son of [[Emperor Gaozu of Tang|Emperor Gaozu]], with fighting taking place west of [[Binzhou]] in what is now the [[Shandong]] province.<ref name="Ahmet 2004">{{Cite book| title=Gök-Türkler| last=Ahmet| first=Taşağil| date=1995–2004| publisher=Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi| isbn=975161113X| location=Ankara| oclc=33892575}}</ref>
* [[August]] &ndash; Upon the death of [[Khunays ibn Hudhafa]], a companion of the Prophet Muhammad, Khunays's widow [[Hafsa bint Umar]] becomes eligible to marry Muhammad.<ref>Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Tabaqat'' vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''The Women of Madina'', p. 56. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.</ref>
* [[November 11]] &ndash; (9th B'ak'tun, 9th K'atun,9th year, 12th month, 3rd day) In what is now Guatemala, a [[stele]] is carved to honor a victory in battle by [[Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I]], the Mayan ruler of [[Piedras Negras (Maya site)|Piedras Negras]]<ref name="Braswell2004">{{cite journal|last=Braswell|first=Geoffrey E. |author2=Christian M. Pager |author3=Cassandra R. Bill |author4=Sonja A. Schwake |author5=Jennifer B. Braswell|title=The Rise of Secondary States in the Southeastern Periphery of the Maya World|journal=Ancient Mesoamerica|year=2004|pages=219–233|doi=10.1017/s0956536104040143 |volume=15|s2cid=1562928 }}</ref>
* [[November]] &ndash; 
**[[Zayd ibn Haritha]], the [[Sahabi]] and military commander for the prophet [[Muhammad]]is sent on an expedition to [[Dhat Irq]] near [[Mecca]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri |title=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |publisher=Darussalam Publishers |year=1976 |isbn=978-1-59144-070-3 |trans-title=The Sealed Nectar}}</ref><ref>al-Baladhuri (1996), Jumal min Ansab al-Ashraf, Dar Al-Fikr, Beirut, Lebanon.</ref> He then carries out the [[Al-Qarada raid]] of a caravan of Meccan merchants after discovering their trade route and captures more that 100,000 [[dirham]]s worth of goods<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Chronology of the "Mag̱ẖāzī"-- A Textual Survey|author=J. M. B. Jones|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London| volume=19|number=2|date=1957|page=248|jstor=610242|doi=10.1017/S0041977X0013304X}}</ref>
* [[December 21]] &ndash; A group of 1,000 Muslims from [[Mecca]], led by Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, sets out from [[Mecca]] to capture [[Medina]], defended by the [[Banu Khazraj]] tribe, led by [[Abd Allah ibn Ubayy]]. The two forces will fight combat three months later, on March 23, 625, at the [[Battle of Uhud]].<ref name=Watt/>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628#Byzantine assault on Persia|Byzantine–Sasanian War]]: Emperor [[Heraclius]] advances with an expeditionary force (40,000 men) along the [[Aras River|Araxes River]], destroying the fortress city of [[Dvin (ancient city)|Dvin]], capital of [[Armenia]], and [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan]] (modern [[Azerbaijan]]). At [[Ganzak]], Heraclius defeats the [[Sasanian Empire|Persian]] army and destroys the famous [[fire temple]] at [[Takht-e Soleymān]], an important [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] shrine.{{sfn|Kaegi|2003|p=127}} He winters his army in [[Caucasian Albania]] to gather forces for the next year.{{sfn|Kaegi|2003|p=128}}
* Winter &ndash; King [[Khosrow II]] withdraws most of his troops from [[Chalcedon]] ([[Anatolia]]); he assembles three armies to trap and destroy Heraclius' forces.{{sfn|Kaegi|2003|p=129}} The Persians go into winter quarters nearby, but Heraclius attacks them at [[Tigranakert (Silvan)|Tigranakert]] ([[Western Armenian|Western Armenia]]), routing the forces of the generals [[Shahin Vahmanzadegan]] and [[Shahraplakan]]. The [[Byzantine Greeks|Byzantines]] destroy their [[Wagon train|baggage train]].

==== Europe ====

* The [[Visigoths]] under King [[Suintila]] recapture the Byzantine territories of [[Spania]] ([[Andalusia]]), after 70 years of occupation. Only the [[Balearic Islands]] stay a part of the [[Byzantine Empire]].

==== Britain ====
* [[Eorpwald of East Anglia|Eorpwald]] succeeds his father [[Rædwald of East Anglia|Rædwald]], as king (''[[bretwalda]]'') of the independent [[Kingdom of East Anglia]] (approximate date). Raedwald is regarded as the most likely occupant of the [[Sutton Hoo]] ship-burial which contains the [[Sutton Hoo helmet]].

==== Asia ====
* The ''[[Yiwen Leiju]]'' encyclopedia is completed during the [[Tang dynasty]], by the Chinese calligrapher [[Ouyang Xun]].

=== By topic ===


</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[February 17]] &ndash; [[Wu Zetian]], Empress of the [[List of rulers of China#Tang dynasty|Zhou dynasty]] (d. [[705]])
* [[May]] &ndash; [[Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr]], Arab [[Sahabah|sahabi]] (d. [[692]])
* [[Hasan ibn Ali]], second [[Shia Imam]] and grandson of [[Muhammad]] (d. [[670]])
* [[Yazdegerd III]], king of the [[Sasanian Empire|Persian Empire]] (d. [[651]])
* Approximate date &ndash; [[Adomnán]], Irish [[abbot]] and [[Hagiography|hagiographer]] (d. [[704]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=J. C. |title=Dictionary of Christianity |date=2013 |location=Abingdon, Oxon |isbn=9781315074047 |page=2}}</ref>

== Deaths ==
* [[March 17]] &ndash; [[Amr ibn Hishām]], Arab [[Polytheism|polytheist]]
* [[April 24]] &ndash; [[Mellitus]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bellenger |first1=Dominic Aidan |last2=Fletcher |first2=Stella |title=The Mitre and the Crown: A History of the Archbishops of Canterbury |date=17 February 2005 |publisher=History Press |isbn=978-0-7524-9495-1 |page=149 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BbA7AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT149 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Abū Lahab]], uncle of [[Muhammad]] (approximate date)
* [[Du Fuwei]], rebel leader during the [[Sui dynasty]] (b. [[598]])
* [[Fu Gongshi]], rebel leader during the Sui dynasty
* [[Gao Kaidao]], rebel leader during the Sui dynasty
* [[Rædwald of East Anglia|Rædwald]], king of [[Kingdom of East Anglia|East Anglia]] (approximate date)
* [[Ruqayyah bint Muhammad|Ruqayyah]], daughter of Muhammad (approximate date)
* [[Umayyah ibn Khalaf]], clan leader of the [[Quraysh]]
* [[Utbah ibn Rabi'ah]], clan leader of the Quraysh

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Kaegi |first=Walter E. |author-link=Walter Kaegi |date=2003 |title=Heraclius: emperor of Byzantium |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0-521-81459-6}}
* {{cite book|title=[[Zizhi Tongjian]] ''(資治通鑑)''|trans-title=Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government|last=[[Sima Guang]]|language=zh|year=1086|ref={{harvid|''Zizhi Tongjian''}}}}
{{refend}}

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