Editing 636

{{short description|Calendar year}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|636}}
{{Year nav|636}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
Year '''636'''    ('''[[Roman numerals|DCXXXVI]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. The denomination 636 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[Arab–Byzantine wars#Arab conquest of Roman Syria: 634–638|Arab–Byzantine War]]: Emperor [[Heraclius]] assembles a large army consisting of contingents of [[Byzantine Greeks|Byzantines]], [[Slavs]], [[Franks]], [[Georgians]], [[Armenians]], and [[Arab Christians|Christian Arabs]]. He establishes a base at Yaqusah (near [[Umm Qais|Gadara]]), close to the edge of the [[Golan Heights]], protecting the vital main road from [[Diocese of Egypt|Egypt]] to [[Damascus]]. The base is protected by deep valleys and precipitous cliffs, well supplied with water and [[grazing]].{{sfn|Nicolle|1994|p=44}}
* Summer &ndash; Heraclius summons a church assembly at [[Antioch]], and scrutinises the situation. He accepts the argument that Byzantine disobedience to God is to blame for the Christian disaster in [[Syria]]. Heraclius leaves for [[Constantinople]] with the words, ''{{'}}Peace be with you Syria — what a beautiful land you will be for your enemy{{'}}''.{{sfn|Nicolle|2009|p=51}}

====Central America====
*[[April 28]] &ndash; [[Yuknoom Chʼeen II]] becomes the [[Maya rulers|ruler of the Mayan city state]] of [[Calakmul]] in southern [[Mexico]] and reigns for 50 years until his death in 686.

==== Europe ====
* [[Chintila]] is elected by a convention of [[bishop]]s and [[Nobility|nobles]] (in accordance with the 75th canon of the [[Fourth Council of Toledo]]) as ruler of the [[Visigoths]], after the death of King [[Sisenand]].
* [[Rothari]] (formerly [[duke]] of [[Brescia]]) marries widowed Queen [[Gundeberga]], and succeeds [[Arioald]] as king of the [[Lombards]]. During his reign, he puts many insubordinate nobles to death.

==== Arabia ====
* [[August 15]]&ndash;[[August 20|20]] &ndash; [[Battle of Yarmouk]]: In engagements along the [[Yarmouk River]], Muslim forces (25,000 men){{sfn|Nicolle|1994|p=43}} of the [[Rashidun Caliphate]], led by [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]], decisively defeat the armies of the [[Byzantine Empire]], effectively completing the [[Muslim conquest of Syria]]. It will be regarded as one of the most decisive battles in military history,<ref>{{cite book|title=Islam at War|year=2003|first1=George F.|last1=Nafziger|first2=Mark W.|last2=Walton|location=Westport, CT|publisher=Greenwood Publishing|isbn=0-275-98101-0|pages=30}}</ref>{{sfn|Nicolle|1994|pp=6, 19}} marking the first great wave of [[Early Muslim conquests|Muslim conquests]], after the death of [[Muhammad]].
* The city of [[Basra]] (modern [[Iraq]]) is founded on the [[Shatt al-Arab]], at the head of the [[Persian Gulf]]. The port will become a major trading center for commodities from [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]], India, and [[Sasanian Empire|Persia]].
* [[November 16]]&ndash;[[November 19|19]] &ndash; [[Battle of al-Qādisiyyah]]: The Muslim Arab army defeats the Persian forces under [[Rostam Farrokhzād]], at [[Al-Qādisiyyah (historical city)|Al-Qādisiyyah]] (Southern [[Mesopotamia]]).

==== Asia ====
* The [[Xumi Pagoda]] of [[Zhengding County|Zhengding]] (China) is built, during the reign of [[Emperor Taizong of Tang]].

=== By topic ===
==== Literature ====
* The historical texts of the ''[[Book of Northern Qi]]'', ''[[Book of Chen]]'', and ''[[Book of Sui]]'' are compiled in China, during the [[Tang dynasty]].

==== Religion ====
* [[Birinus]], [[bishop of Winchester|Bishop of Dorchester]], converts [[Cwichelm of Wessex|Cwichelm]] (son of king [[Cynegils of Wessex]]){{sfn|Kirby|2000|p=51}} to Christianity. He dies soon afterward, and is supposedly buried at [[Scutchamer Knob]], in [[East Hendred]] ([[South East England]]).
* [[June 30]] &ndash; [[Fifth Council of Toledo]]: Chintila orders a meeting in the church of [[Leocadia|St. Leocadia]]; the bishops accept a [[decree]] that only [[Goths|Gothic]] nobility (with military functions) may be king of the [[Visigothic Kingdom]].
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Æthelthryth]], Anglo-Saxon princess (approximate date) 
* [[Lambert of Maastricht]], [[bishop]] (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* [[April 4]] &ndash; [[Isidore of Seville]], [[archbishop]] and scholar
* [[Arioald]], king of the [[Lombards]]
* [[Bahman Jadhuyih]], Persian general
* [[Dervan (duke)|Dervan]], prince of the [[Sorbs]] 
* [[Ecgric of East Anglia|Ecgric]], king of [[Kingdom of East Anglia|East Anglia]] (approximate date)
* [[Cwichelm of Wessex|Cwichelm]], king of [[Wessex]] (approximate date)
* [[George Pisida]], Byzantine poet (approximate date)
* [[Jalinus]], Armenian [[Nobility|nobleman]]
* [[Rostam Farrokhzād]], Persian general (or [[637]])
* [[Sa'd ibn Ubadah]], companion of [[Muhammad]] (approximate date)
* [[Sisenand]], king of the [[Visigoths]]
* [[Theodore Trithyrius]], Byzantine general (''[[Sakellarios|sacellarius]]'')
* [[Empress Zhangsun|Zhangsun]], empress of the [[Tang dynasty]] (b. [[601]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Kirby |first=D. P. |date=2000 |title=The Earliest English Kings |edition=revised |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-24211-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Nicolle |first=David |author-link=David Nicolle |year=1994 |title=Yarmuk 636 AD: The Muslim conquest of Syria |location=London |publisher=Osprey |isbn=1-85532-414-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Nicolle |first=David |author-link=David Nicolle |year=2009 |title=The Great Islamic Conquests AD 632–750 |page=52 |publisher=Bloomsbury USA |isbn=978-1-84603-273-8}}
{{refend}}

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[[Category:636| ]]