Editing 885

{{short description|Calendar year}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|885|the [[Thyratron]] tube|885 Tube}}
{{Year nav|885}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:Siege of Paris (885–886).jpeg|upright=1.35|thumb|Count [[Odo, Count of Paris|Odo]] defends [[Paris]] during the [[Siege of Paris (885–86)|siege]]]]
[[File: Paris in 9th century.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Map of Paris ([[Île de la Cité]]) in 9th century]]
Year '''885''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCCCLXXXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Europe ====
* Summer &ndash; Emperor [[Charles the Fat]] summons a meeting of officials at [[Lobith]] (modern [[Netherlands]]), and accuses [[Hugh, Duke of Alsace|Hugh]], an illegitimate son of former king [[Lothair II]], and his vassal [[Godfrid, Duke of Frisia]], of plotting against him. Hugh is blinded, and [[exile]]d to the [[Abbey of Saint Gall]] (modern [[Switzerland]]). Godfrid is killed by a group of [[Frisians|Frisian]] and [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxon]] nobles, at the connivance of [[Henry of Franconia]]. The local count, [[Gerolf of Holland|Gerolf]], takes over the West [[Frisia]]n coastline from the [[Denmark|Danish]], after the murder.
* Summer &ndash; Charles the Fat designates his illegitimate son [[Bernard (son of Charles the Fat)|Bernard]] as his heir, ignoring the claims of his nephew, [[Arnulf of Carinthia]] (illegitimate son of [[Carloman of Bavaria]]), and [[Charles the Simple]] (5-year-old son of King [[Louis the Stammerer]]). The Frankish [[bishop]]s protest, so Charles summons [[Pope Adrian III]] to an assembly in [[Worms, Germany|Worms]], to resolve the issue. Adrian leaves [[Rome]] in the hands of Bishop John of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia|Pavia]] and heads to [[Germany]], but dies on the way, just after crossing the [[Po (river)|River Po]].<ref name="Reuter116">{{cite book |first=Timothy |last=Reuter |authorlink=Timothy Reuter |title=Germany in the Early Middle Ages, c. 800–1056 |location=London |publisher=Longman |year=1991 |pages=116&ndash;117. AF(M), 885 (pp. 98–99 and nn6–7) and AF(B), 885 (p. 111 and n2)}}</ref>
* [[November 25]] &ndash; [[Siege of Paris (885-886)|Siege of Paris]]: [[Vikings|Viking]] forces, under the [[Norsemen|Norse]] chieftains Sigfred and Sinric, sail up the [[Seine|River Seine]] for [[East Francia|eastern France]], with a fleet of 300 [[longship]]s (10,000 men). They appear before [[Paris]], and offer to spare the city if they are allowed free passage, by paying them [[tribute]] ([[Danegeld]]). Their request is denied.
* [[November 27]] &ndash; The Vikings begin the [[Siege of Paris (885–886)|Siege of Paris]] by attacking the northeast tower with [[ballista]]e, [[mangonel]]s and [[catapult]]s. All Viking attacks are repulsed by [[Odo, Count of Paris]], who defends the city with a small [[garrison]] (about 200 men). Sigfred decides to withdraw, and builds a [[Campsite|camp]] on the right bank of the river. Meanwhile he mines the city, and scours the countryside for provisions.

==== Britain ====
* King [[Alfred the Great]] summons [[Asser]], a relative of Bishop [[Nobis (bishop)|Nobis]] of [[St David's Cathedral|St. David's]], to the English [[Court (royal)|court]]. He agrees to spend six months of the year in the king's service. Asser helps to negotiate the recognition of Alfred, as [[overlord]] of the [[List of rulers of Wales|Welsh kings]]. 
* Danish Vikings land in [[Kent]] and besiege [[Rochester, Kent|Rochester]]. Town defences having been improved, the city holds out long enough for Alfred the Great to organize an army. He forces the Vikings to flee back across [[English Channel|the Channel]], to the [[Europe|Continent]].
* A naval force raised by [[Alfred the Great]] takes part in the two [[Battles of the River Stour]].
* Kings [[Hyfaidd]] of [[Kingdom of Dyfed|Dyfed]], Elisedd of [[Brycheiniog]] and [[Hywel ap Rhys (Glywysing)|Hywel]] of [[Glywysing]], being harassed by the armies of King [[Anarawd ap Rhodri|Anarawd]] in Wales, seek the protection of Alfred the Great, and submit to his overlordship. Anarawd seeks an [[Military alliance|alliance]] with King [[Guthred]] of [[Scandinavian York|York]].

==== Arabian Empire ====
* [[Battle of Tawahin]]: Muslim forces (4,000 men) of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]], under [[Al-Mu'tadid]], are defeated near [[Ramla]]h (modern [[Israel]]) by [[Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun|Khumarawayh]], ruler of the [[Tulunids|Tulunid dynasty]]. This ends the Abbasid attempt to recover [[Bilad al-Sham|Syria]] from the Tulunids. A large part of the Abbasid army is captured, and transported to [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]]. Khumarawayh aims for reconciliation with the caliphal government, and allows the soldiers who want to return to modern-day [[Iraq]] to depart without [[ransom]], while offering the rest the opportunity to settle in Egypt.<ref>{{EI2 | volume = 5 | title = K̲h̲umārawayh | first = U. | last = Haarmann | authorlink = | page = 49 | doi =10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4328 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia | title = Khumārawaih | first = Moritz | last = Sobernheim | encyclopedia = E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume IV: 'Itk–Kwaṭṭa | editor-first = Martijn Theodoor | editor-last = Houtsma | publisher = BRILL | location = Leiden | year = 1987 | isbn = 978-90-04-08265-6 | url = {{Google Books|7CP7fYghBFQC|page=973|plainurl=y}} | page = 973 }}</ref>

=== By topic ===
==== Religion ====
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Pope Adrian III]] dies after a 1½ reign near [[Modena]] ([[Lombardy]]), while en route to an [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diet]], summoned by Charles the Fat at [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]. He is succeeded by [[Pope Stephen V|Stephen V]], as the 110th [[pope]] of the [[Catholic Church]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Hyogong of Silla|Hyogong]], king of [[Silla]] ([[Korea]]) (d. [[912]])
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[Emperor Daigo|Daigo]], emperor of [[Japan]] (d. [[930]])
* [[February 11]] &ndash; [[Li Congke]], emperor of [[Later Tang]] (d. [[937]])
* [[December 2]] &ndash; [[Li Cunxu|Zhuang Zong]], emperor of Later Tang (d. [[926]])
* [[Atto of Vercelli]], Lombard [[bishop]] (d. [[961]])
* [[Eberhard of Franconia|Eberhard III]], duke of [[Duchy of Franconia|Franconia]] (d. [[939]])
* [[Eric Bloodaxe]], Norwegian [[Vikings|Viking]] ruler (d. [[954]])
* [[Fujiwara no Onshi]], empress of Japan (d. 954)
* [[Gao Xingzhou]], Chinese general (d. [[952]])
* [[Ibn Muqla]], Muslim official and [[vizier]] (or [[886]])
* [[Reccared (bishop of Lugo)|Reccared]], Galician [[clergy]]man (d. [[923]])
* [[Zhao Ying]], Chinese [[Chancellor of the Tang dynasty|chancellor]] (d. [[951]])

== Deaths ==
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[Saints Cyril and Methodius|Methodius]], Byzantine [[missionary]] and bishop (b. [[815]])
* June &ndash; [[Godfrid, Duke of Frisia]], 'the Sea King', murdered
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Pope Adrian III|Adrian III]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]]
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[Ragenold of Neustria|Ragenold]], margrave of [[Marches of Neustria|Neustria]], killed
* July/August &ndash; [[Sulayman ibn Wahb]], Muslim official and vizier
* [[November 17]] &ndash; [[Liutgard of Saxony (died 885)|Liutgard of Saxony]], Frankish queen
* [[Chen Ru]], Chinese [[warlord]] and governor, killed
* [[Gerebald]], bishop of [[Ancient Diocese of Chalon-sur-Saône|Chalon-sur-Saône]]
* [[Mihira Bhoja]], king of the [[Gurjara-Pratihara|Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty]] (b. [[836]])
* [[Muiredach mac Brain]], king of [[Leinster]] ([[Ireland]])
* [[Zhu Jingmei]], Chinese [[eunuch]] and military leader, assassinated

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:885| ]]