Editing 914

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|914|the car|Porsche 914|the aircraft engine|Rotax 914}}
{{Year nav|914}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:Pope John X Illustration.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Pope John X]] (r. 914–928)]]
__NOTOC__
Year '''914''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CMXIV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Spring – Empress [[Zoe Karbonopsina]] leads a palace coup at [[Constantinople]] and, with the support of the ''[[Magister officiorum#Byzantine Empire|magistros]]'' [[John Eladas]], overthrows Patriarch [[Nicholas Mystikos]] as [[regent]] over her son, Emperor [[Constantine VII]]. She allows Nicholas to remain as patriarch, repudiates the title granted to [[Simeon I of Bulgaria]] (see [[913]]) and nullifies the marriage plans (with a Bulgarian princess) made for her son by Nicholas.<ref>{{The Early Medieval Balkans|p=148}}</ref>
* Summer – [[Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 913–927|Byzantine–Bulgarian War]]: Simeon I, with the [[Medieval Bulgarian army|Bulgarian army]], invades the themes of [[thrace (theme)|Thrace]] and [[Macedonia (theme)|Macedonia]]. Simultaneously, the Bulgarian troops penetrate into the regions of [[Durrës|Dyrrhachium]] and [[Thessaloniki|Thessalonica]] to the west. Thrace's largest and most important city, [[Edirne|Adrianople]] (modern [[Turkey]]), is besieged and captured. However, the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]] promptly regain the city in exchange for a huge ransom.<ref>{{The Early Medieval Balkans|pages=148–149}}</ref>

==== Europe ====

* [[January 19]] – King [[García I of León|García I]] dies at [[Zamora, Spain|Zamora]] ([[Spain]]) after a 4-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother [[Ordoño II of León|Ordoño II]], who becomes king of [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]] and [[Kingdom of León|León]]. Ordoño continues his expansion and settles his court in [[León, Spain|León]].<ref>Ch Paquis, Louis Dochez [https://books.google.com/books?id=P7sCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA414 ''Histoire d'Espagne''] Béthune et Plon, 1844.</ref>
* Summer – [[Saracens]] from [[Garigliano]] establish advanced strongholds in [[Lazio]] at [[Trevi (rione of Rome)|Trevi]] (in the [[Sabina (region)|Sabine Hills]], near [[Palestrina]]) and [[Sutri]]. From here, they encroach on the papal cities of [[Orte]], [[Narni]] and [[Nepi]] with impunity.
* Viking raiders establish a settlement near [[Waterford]] ([[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]) led by [[Ottir]] ('''the Black'''). The [[Dublin]] Vikings are forced to pay [[tribute]] to the Irish kings of [[Kingdom of Meath|Meath]] and [[Leinster]] as the price to keeping their independence.<ref>John Haywood (1995). ''Historical Atlas of the Vikings'', p. 74. {{ISBN|978-0-140-51328-8}}.</ref>
* In [[Al-Andalus]] a [[drought]] leads to a terrible [[famine]] in the [[Iberian Peninsula]], which continues in [[915]].<ref name=rucquoi1993-85>{{cite book|last=Rucquoi|first=Adeline|title=Histoire médiévale de la Péninsule ibérique|year=1993|publisher=Seuil|location=Paris|isbn=2-02-012935-3|page=85}}</ref> In his centralization effort, the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] caliph [[Abd ar-Rahman III|Abd al-Rahman III]], reconquers [[Seville]] from the Banu Hajjaj clan.<ref name ="portugalmedieval">Picard, C. (2000)'' Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle). L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique''. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose; pp.54.</ref>

==== Britain ====
* [[Vikings]] devastate the [[Wales|Welsh]] coast and move up the [[River Severn|Severn River]]. They capture Bishop [[Cyfeilliog]] of [[Ergyng]], and he is ransomed by King [[Edward the Elder]]. The Vikings are defeated by levies from [[Hereford]] and [[Gloucester]].<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Whitelock|editor-first=Dorothy|editor-link=Dorothy Whitelock|title=English Historical Documents, Volume 1, c. 500–1042|chapter =Anglo-Saxon Chronicle|page=212|edition=2nd |year=1979|publisher=Routledge|location=London, UK|isbn= 978-0-415-14366-0}}</ref>
* [[Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians]], a daughter of King [[Alfred the Great]], builds a [[burh]] or fortified dwelling at [[Warwick]] and repairs [[Eddisbury hill fort]]. She leads the Mercians in their fight against the [[Denmark|Danish]] invaders.<ref name="ASC">''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', ed. M. Swanton (Dent, London 1997), ''s.a.'' 911–918.</ref>

==== Africa ====
* [[January 24]] – The [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid]] general, [[Hubasa ibn Yusuf]] of the [[Kutama]] [[Berbers|Berber]] tribe, marches out with his troops to [[Fatimid invasion of Egypt (914–915)|invade Egypt]]. He follows the coastline, and takes possession of the only two towns of any size [[Syrte]] and [[Ajdabiya]], without a struggle. The [[garrison]]s of the two towns—the westernmost outposts of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]]—have already fled.<ref name="Halm">Heinz Halm [https://books.google.com/books?id=usUjj9OV910C&pg=PA199 ''The empire of the Mahdi, Partie 1, Volume 26''] BRILL, 1996. {{ISBN|978-90-04-10056-5}}.</ref>
* [[February 6]] – Hubasa takes Barqah (modern-day [[Benghazi]]), the ancient capital of [[Cyrenaica]]. The Abbasid governor withdraws to [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]], before the superior strength of the Fatimids. With this rich, fertile province fallen into his hands, it provides Hubāsa with 24,000 [[gold dinar]]s in annual revenues from [[tax]]es, as well as 15,000 dinars paid by [[Christianity|Christians]].<ref name="Halm"/>
* [[July 11]] – [[Al-Qa'im (Fatimid caliph)|Al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah]], son of the Fatimid caliph [[Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah]], leaves [[Raqqada]] at the head of an army, which is composed of Kutama warriors and the Arab ''[[jund]]'' (personal guard) in an attempt to conquer Egypt. He sends orders to Hubāsa to wait for him, but driven by ambition Hubāsa is already on his way to [[Alexandria]].<ref name="Halm"/>
* [[August 27]] – Hubasa captures Alexandria, after a victorious encounter with Egyptian troops near al-Hanniyya (modern-day [[El Alamein]]). The Abbasid governor [[Takin al-Khazari]] refuses to surrender and asks for reinforcements, which reach him in September. Shortly after al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah enters Alexandria, with the rest of his army.<ref name="Halm"/>
* December – The Fatimid army under Hubasa leaves Alexandria, followed by al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah. The Abbasid troops hold [[Fustat]] and begin a [[counter-offensive]] against the invaders. The Kutama cavalry suffers heavy losses to the [[Turkic peoples|Turkish]] archers.<ref name="Halm"/>

==== Arabian Empire ====
* [[January 12]] – [[Ahmad Samani]], emir of the [[Samanid Empire]], is murdered ([[decapitation]]) while sleeping in his tent at [[Bukhara]] (modern [[Uzbekistan]]) by some of his slaves. He is succeeded by his 8-year-old son, [[Nasr II]], under the regency of Vizier [[Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Jayhani|Abu Abdallah al-Jayhani]]. The Abbasids try, in vain, to benefit from the turmoil to reconquer [[Sistan and Baluchestan Province|Sistan]].<ref>Joel L. Kraemer [https://books.google.com/books?id=O9QUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA8 ''Philosophy in the renaissance of Islam: Abū Sulaymān Al-Sijistānī and his circle''] Brill Archive, 1986. {{ISBN|978-90-04-07258-9}}.</ref>
* [[Sajid invasion of Georgia]]: A Muslim army under [[Yusuf ibn Abi'l-Saj]] campaigns in the [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] principalities. He makes [[Tbilisi|Tiflis]] his base for operations, and invades [[Kakheti]]. Yusuf proceeds to [[Kartli]], where the fortifications of [[Uplistsikhe]] are demolished. He [[Siege of Queli|besieges and captures the fortress of Q'ueli]], putting its defender [[Gobron]] to death.<ref name="Rayfield">[[Rayfield, Donald]] (2000). ''[[The Literature of Georgia: A History]]'', pp. 48–49. [[Routledge]]. {{ISBN|0-7007-1163-5}}.</ref>
* [[Hasan al-Utrush]] re-establishes [[Alid dynasties of northern Iran|Zaydid]] rule over the province [[Tabaristan]] ([[Northern Iran]]), after 14 years of Samanid occupation. He becomes the new ruler ([[emir]]) and Zaydid [[Nobility|noblemen]] accept his authority.

==== Asia ====
* [[February 4]] – The [[Belanjong pillar]] is established on [[Bali]].
* In [[Indian subcontinent|India]] Emperor [[Indra III]] of the [[Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rashtrakuta Dynasty]], a grandson of [[Krishna II]], begins his rule (until [[929]]).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=XNxiN5tzKOgC&pg=PA368 ''Ancient India Par R.C. Majumdar''] Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1994. {{ISBN|978-81-208-0436-4}}.</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* March or April – [[Pope Lando]] dies at [[Rome]] after a reign of less than a year. He is succeeded by [[Pope John X|John X]], archbishop of [[Ravenna]], as the 122nd [[pope]] of the [[Catholic Church]].
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Al-Muti]], Abbasid [[caliph]] (d. [[974]])
* [[Chen Hongjin]], Chinese [[warlord]] (d. [[985]])
* [[Li Conghou]], emperor of [[Later Tang]] (d. [[934]])
* [[Luitgarde of Vermandois|Luitgarde]], duchess consort of [[Normandy]] (d. [[978]])
* [[Shi Chonggui]], emperor of [[Later Jin (Five Dynasties)|Later Jin]] (d. 974)
* [[Valtoke Gormsson]], Viking [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[985]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 12]] – [[Ahmad Samani]], Samanid [[emir]] 
* [[January 19]] – [[García I of León|García I]], king of [[Kingdom of León|León]] ([[Spain]])
* [[February 12]] – [[Empress Li (Liu Shouguang's wife)|Li]], empress of [[Yan (Five Dynasties period)|Yan]]
* [[December 31]] – [[Ibn Hawshab]], founder of the [[Isma'ili]] community in Yemen
* [[Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi]], founder of [[Eastern Arabia|Bahrain]] (or [[913]])
* [[Aedh mac Ailell]], abbot of [[Clonfert]]
* [[Bárid mac Oitir]], Viking leader
* [[Gobron]], Georgian military commander
* [[Idalguer]], Frankish [[bishop]]
* [[John Eladas]], Byzantine [[regent]]
* [[Krishna II]], Indian ruler 
* [[Pope Lando|Lando]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]]
* [[Li Jihui]], Chinese governor
* [[Liu Rengong]], Chinese warlord
* [[Liu Shouguang]], Chinese warlord
* [[Mu'nis al-Fahl]], Abbasid general
* [[Plegmund]], archbishop of [[Diocese of Canterbury|Canterbury]] (or [[923]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:914}}
[[Category:914| ]]