Editing 942

{{short description|Calendar year}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|942}}
{{Year nav|942}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:Pope Marinus II.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Pope Marinus II]] (r. 942–946)]]
Year '''942''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CMXLII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* Summer &ndash; The [[Hungarian raid in Spain (942)|Hungarians invade Al-Andalus]] (modern [[Spain]]) and besiege the fortress city of [[Lleida|Lerida]]. They devastate [[Cerdanya]] and [[Province of Huesca|Huesca]], and capture Yahya ibn Muhammad ibn al Tawil, [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] governor (''[[Wali (administrative title)|wali]]'') of the town of [[Barbastro]]. Lacking food stores and sufficient [[forage]], the Hungarians retreat to the [[Septimania|Gothic March]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Gonzalo |last=Martínez Díez |title=El condado de Castilla, 711–1038: la historia frente a la leyenda |publisher=Marcial Pons Historia |year=2005 |pages=372–73}}</ref>
* [[Battle of Fraxinet]]: King [[Hugh of Italy|Hugh of Provence]] launches an attack on [[Fraxinet]], the [[Moors|Moorish]] fortress on the [[French Riviera|Côté d'Azur]] that had taken control of the [[Piedmont]]ese valleys. With the assistance of a [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] fleet sent by Emperor [[Romanos I Lekapenos|Romanos I]], Hugh lays [[siege]] to the Moorish fortress with the help of Hungarian auxiliary troops ([[Kabar]]s).
* Fall &ndash; Hugh of Provence makes a truce with the Moors of Fraxinet, after hearing the news that a [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabian]] army is about to descend on [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]]. He allows the Moors to attack the [[Alps|Alpine]] passes for his own political ends in his struggle with [[Berengar II of Italy|Berengar of Ivrea]].<ref>Liudprand, V, 16–17; R. Hitchcock, ''Mozarabs in Medieval and Early Modern Spain'' (Franham: Ashgate, 2008), p. 42.</ref> The Byzantines cry foul and end their [[Military alliance|alliance]] with Hugh.
* [[December 17]] &ndash; [[William I Longsword|William I]] ("Longsword"), duke of [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]], is ambushed and assassinated by supporters of [[Arnulf I, Count of Flanders|Arnulf I]] ("the Great"), count of [[County of Flanders|Flanders]], while the two are at a peace conference at [[Picquigny]] (on an island on the [[Somme (river)|Somme]]) to settle their differences.<ref>David Nicholas, ''Medieval Flanders'' (Longman Group UK Limited, London, 1992), p. 40.</ref> William is succeeded by his 9-year-old son [[Richard I of Normandy|Richard]].
* Winter &ndash; The Hungarians raid [[Friuli]] and descend into central Italy. Hugh of Provence grants them a large sum of [[tribute]] if they return to the Gothic March or Spain. The Hungarians refuse the offer and raid the countryside of [[Lazio]], destroying the region of [[Sabina (region)|Sabina]].

==== England ====
* King [[Edmund I]] moves with his army north to reconquer the [[Five Boroughs of the Danelaw|Five Boroughs]] (the five main towns of Danish [[Mercia]]) in modern-day [[East Midlands]] from the Norse-Irish king [[Amlaíb Cuarán|Olaf Sigtryggsson]].<ref name=Brittanica>Edmund I (king of England), [http://www.brittanica.com/EBchecked/topic/179333/ "Edmund-I"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref>
* [[Idwal Foel]], king of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]], openly rebels against the overlordship of Edmund I. He and [[Llywelyn ap Merfyn]], king of [[Kingdom of Powys|Pows]], are killed fighting the English forces.
* [[Hywel Dda]], king of [[Deheubarth]], annexes Gwynedd and Powys, to become the sole ruler of most of [[Wales]].

==== Asia ====
* [[Mularaja]], founder of the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukya Dynasty]], supplants the last [[Chavda dynasty|Chavda]] ruler, Samanta-Simha, in [[Gujarat]] (modern [[India]]). He founds an independent kingdom with his capital in [[Patan, Gujarat|Anahilapataka]] (approximate date).

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* Fall &ndash; Pope [[Pope Stephen VIII|Stephen VIII]] tries to negotiate a peace that will end the [[feud]] between [[Alberic II of Spoleto|Alberic II]], ''de facto'' ruler of [[Rome]], and Hugh of Provence (his stepfather) but he dies after a 3-year reign. Stephen is succeeded by [[Pope Marinus II|Marinus II]] as the 128th [[pope]] of the [[Catholic Church]].
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[March 7]] &ndash; [[Mu'ayyad al-Dawla]], ruler of the [[Buyid dynasty|Buyid Dynasty]] (d. [[983]])
* [[Fujiwara no Tamemitsu]], Japanese statesman (d. [[992]])
* [[Genshin]], Japanese [[Tendai]] scholar (d. [[1017]])
* [[Liu Chang (Southern Han)|Liu Chang]], emperor of [[Southern Han]] (d. [[980]])
* [[Sabuktigin]], emir of [[Ghaznavids|Ghazna]] (approximate date)
* [[Sabur ibn Ardashir]], Persian statesman (d. [[1025]])
* [[Sŏ Hŭi]], Korean politician and [[diplomat]] (d. [[998]])
* [[Sviatoslav I of Kiev|Sviatoslav I]], [[Grand Prince of Kiev]] (approximate date)
* [[Empress Wang (Taizu)|Wang]], empress of the [[Song dynasty|Song Dynasty]] (d. [[963]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 21]] &ndash; [[An Chongrong]], Chinese general ([[Five Dynasties]])
* [[February 13]] &ndash; [[Muhammad ibn Ra'iq]], Abbasid ''de facto'' [[regent]]
* [[June 10]] &ndash; [[Liu Yan (emperor)|Liu Yan]], emperor of Southern Han (b. [[889]])
* [[July 28]] &ndash; [[Shi Jingtang]], emperor of [[Later Jin (Five Dynasties)|Later Jin]] (b. [[892]])
* [[August 24]] &ndash; [[Empress Dowager Liu (Later Jin)|Liu]], empress dowager of Later Jin
* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[Odo of Cluny]], Frankish [[abbot]]
* [[December 17]] &ndash; [[William I Longsword|William I]], duke of [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]] (b.c. [[893]])
* [[An Congjin]], Chinese general and governor 
* [[Fulk I, Count of Anjou|Fulk I]], Frankish [[Nobility|nobleman]] (approximate date)
* [[Idwal Foel]], king of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] ([[Wales]])
* [[Llywelyn ap Merfyn]], king of [[Kingdom of Powys|Powys]] (Wales)
* [[Pietro Participazio]], doge of [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] ([[Italy]])
* [[Saadia Gaon]], Jewish philosopher and [[Exegesis|exegete]]
* [[Pope Stephen VIII|Stephen VIII]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]]
* [[Theobald the Elder]], Frankish nobleman (b. [[854]])
* [[Wigred, Bishop of Chester-le-Street|Wigred]], bishop of [[Diocese of Durham|Chester-le-Street]] (approximate date)
* [[Wynsige]], bishop of [[Diocese of Lincoln|Dorchester]] (approximate date)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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