Editing AD 43

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'''AD 43''' ('''[[Roman numerals|XLIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the [[Consulship]] of [[Claudius|Caesar]] and [[Lucius Vitellius the Elder|Vitellius]]''' (or, less frequently, '''year 796 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination AD 43 for this year has been used since the early [[medieval period]], when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==

=== By place ===

==== Britain ====
* [[Roman conquest of Britain]]: 
** [[May]] &ndash; [[Aulus Plautius]], crossing (probably) from [[Boulogne]] (Bononia) in the [[Classis Britannica]], lands with four [[Roman legion]]s (20,000 men) and the same number of [[Auxiliaries (Roman military)|auxiliaries]] at [[Rutupiae]] (probably modern [[Richborough]]) on the east coast of [[Kent]].<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=16–20|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref> General ([[Roman emperor|future emperor]]) [[Vespasian]] plays a major role in the defeat of the [[Britons (historical)|Britons]] led by the brothers [[Caratacus]] and [[Togodumnus]] (leaders of the [[Catuvellauni]]) in the 2-day [[Battle of the Medway]]<ref name=Dio>[[Cassius Dio]], ''Roman History''.</ref> (probably at the river near [[Rochester, Kent|Rochester]]) and the Romans drive them back to and across the [[River Thames]]; Togodumnus dies soon after.<ref name=CBH/> Plautius halts at the Thames and sends for the Emperor.
** [[September]] &ndash; Emperor [[Claudius]], who arrives with reinforcements including [[war elephant]]s,<ref name=Dio/> leads the march on [[Camulodunum]] (modern [[Colchester]]). Eleven British kings, probably including those of the [[Iceni]] and [[Brigantes]], submit without a fight.<ref name=CBH/><ref>[[Suetonius]], ''[[The Twelve Caesars]]''.</ref><ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/47|url-access=registration|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|location=London|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/47 47]}}</ref> Plautius becomes the first [[Governors of Roman Britain|Governor of Roman Britain]].<ref name=CBH/>
** [[Vespasian]] begins to subdue the south-west.
** The Romans begin to construct forts, such as at [[Peterborough]], and a road that later becomes [[Ermine Street]].
** The [[Roman Empire|Romans]] capture a [[Britons (historical)|Brythonic]] settlement at Kent and rename it [[Durovernum Cantiacorum]] (modern [[Canterbury]]); and establish a [[Roman fort]] to guard the crossing of the [[River Stour, Kent|Kentish River Stour]].
** Roman London ([[Londinium]]) is established on the Thames.<ref name=CBH/>

==== Roman Empire ====
* [[Julia Livia]], daughter of [[Drusus Julius Caesar]], is executed at the instigation of Claudius' wife [[Messalina]].
* Claudius annexes [[Lycia]] in [[Asia Minor]], combining it with [[Pamphylia]] as a [[Roman province]].
* The Romans now have complete control of the [[Mediterranean Sea]].

==== Central Asia ====
* Warfare begins between the northern and southern [[Huns]].

==== Vietnam ====
* The warrior [[Trung Sisters]] commit suicide after their resistance is defeated at [[Nam Viet]].
* [[Vietnam]] is designated a province of [[China]].

==== Parthia ====
* King [[Vardanes I of Parthia]] forces the city of [[Seleucia on the Tigris]] to surrender.

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* In [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic Orthodox Christianity]], [[Mark the Evangelist]] becomes the first [[Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Pope of Alexandria]], thus establishing the [[Christianity in Africa|Christian Church]] in [[Africa]].

==== Arts and Science ====
* [[Pomponius Mela]], Roman [[geographer]], writes ''De situ orbis libri'' (approximate date).
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Martial]], Roman poet (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* [[Aemilia Lepida (fiancee of Claudius)|Aemilia Lepida]], Roman noblewoman, fiancee of Claudius (b. [[5 BC]])
* [[Appius Junius Silanus]], Roman consul (executed)
* [[Julia Livia]], daughter of [[Drusus Julius Caesar]] (executed)
* [[Togodumnus]], king of the [[Catuvellauni]]
* [[Trưng Sisters]], Vietnamese military leaders (approximate date)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[als:40er#43]]

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[[Category:43|0043]]