Editing AVUS

{{Short description|Public road in Berlin, Germany}}
{{Redirect|Avus|the village in Azerbaijan|Avuş}}
{{Infobox motorsport venue
|Name          = Automobil-Verkehrs- und Übungsstraße (AVUS)
|Location      = {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Berlin]], [[Germany]]
|Time          = [[Central European Time|CET]] (UTC+1)<br/>[[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])
|Coordinates   = {{Coord|52|28|50|N|13|15|05|E|region:DE-BE_type:landmark|display=it}}
|Opened        = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1921|09|24}}
|Closed        = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1998|05|03}}
|Image         = [[File:Circuit AVUS.svg|250px|map of the track]]
|Image_caption = Grand Prix Circuit (1951–1967)
|Events        = [[Formula One]]<br>''[[German Grand Prix]]'' (1926, 1959)<br />[[Porsche Carrera Cup Germany]] (1986–1990, 1993, 1995, 1998)<br />[[Super Tourenwagen Cup]] (1995–1996)<br />[[Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft|DTM]] (1984–1995)<br />[[German Formula Three Championship|German F3]] (1975–1976, 1983–1985, 1987, 1989–1995)<br />[[Interserie]] (1977, 1984–1985, 1987)<br />[[Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft|DRM]] (1978, 1983, 1985)<br />[[BMW M1 Procar Championship]] (1980)<br />[[FIA European Formula 3 Championship (1975–1984)|European F3]] (1976)<br />[[FIM Endurance World Championship|FIM EWC]] (1963)<br />[[World Sportscar Championship]] (1962)
|Layout1       = Grand Prix Circuit with Chicane (1994–1998)
|Length_km     = 2.660
|Length_mi     = 1.653 
|Turns         = 6
|Record_time   = 0:53.440
|Record_driver = {{flagicon|ITA|1946}} [[Stefano Modena]]
|Record_car    = [[Alfa Romeo 155#155 V6 TI|Alfa Romeo 155 V6 TI]]
|Record_year   = [[1994 Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft|1994]]
|Record_class  = [[Class 1 Touring Cars|Class 1]]
|Layout2       = Grand Prix Circuit (1992–1993)
|Length_km2    = 2.639
|Length_mi2    = 1.640 
|Turns2        = 4
|Record_time2  = 0:54.920
|Record_driver2= {{flagicon|ITA|1946}} [[Max Angelelli]]
|Record_car2   = [[List of Dallara cars|Dallara F393]]
|Record_year2  = [[1993 German Formula Three Championship|1993]]
|Record_class2 = [[Formula Three|F3]]
|Layout3       = Grand Prix Circuit (1989–1991)
|Length_km3    = 4.879
|Length_mi3    = 3.032
|Turns3        = 4
|Record_time3  = 1:30.050
|Record_driver3= {{flagicon|GER}} [[Hans-Joachim Stuck]]
|Record_car3   = [[Audi V8#Motorsport|Audi V8 Quattro]]
|Record_year3  = [[1991 Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft|1991]]
|Record_class3 = [[Group A#Touring car racing|Group A]]
|Layout4       = Grand Prix Circuit with Unbanked Nord Kehre (1968–1988)
|Length_km4    = 8.109
|Length_mi4    = 5.039
|Turns4        = 4
|Record_time4  = 2:02.130
|Record_driver4= {{flagicon|BRD}} [[Volkert Merl]]
|Record_car4   = [[Porsche 956]]
|Record_year4  = [[Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft|1983]]
|Record_class4 = [[Group C]]
|Layout5       = Grand Prix Circuit (1951–1967)
|Banking5      = 43° (Nord Kehre)
|Length_km5    = 8.300
|Length_mi5    = 5.157 
|Turns5        = 4
|Record_time5  = 2:04.500
|Record_driver5= {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tony Brooks (racing driver)|Tony Brooks]]
|Record_car5   = [[Ferrari 246 F1|Ferrari Dino 246]]
|Record_year5  = [[1959 German Grand Prix|1959]]
|Record_class5 = [[Formula One|F1]]
|Layout6       = Grand Prix Circuit (1937–1939)
|Banking6      = 43° (Nord Kehre)
|Length_km6    = 19.291
|Length_mi6    = 11.987
|Turns6        = 4
|Record_time6  = 4:11.200
|Record_driver6= {{flagicon|GER|1935}} [[Bernd Rosemeyer]]
|Record_car6   = [[Auto Union racing cars#Racing|Auto Union Type C]] 
|Record_year6  = [[1937 Grand Prix season#Non-championship Grands Prix|1937]]
|Record_class6 = [[Grand Prix motor racing|GP]]
|Layout7       = Original Grand Prix Circuit (1921–1936)
|Banking7      = 10° (Nord Kehre)
|Length_km7    = 19.569
|Length_mi7    = 12.160
|Turns7        = 4
|Record_time7  = 4:32.000
|Record_driver7= [[Auto Union racing cars#Racing|Auto Union Type B]]
|Record_car7   = {{flagicon|GER|1933}} [[Hans Stuck]]
|Record_year7  = [[1935 Grand Prix season#Major Non-championship Races|1935]]
|Record_class7 = [[Grand Prix motor racing|GP]]
}}
[[File:AVUS track banking.svg|thumbnail|Comparison of AVUS track banking to two other tracks]]

The '''{{lang|de|italic=no|Automobil-Verkehrs- und Übungsstraße}}''' ('Automobile traffic and training road'), known as '''AVUS''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaːvʊs|-|LL-Q188 (deu)-Jeuwre-Avus.wav}}), is a public road in [[Berlin]], [[Germany]]. Opened in 1921, it was also used as a [[Auto racing|motor racing]] circuit until 1998. Today, the AVUS forms the northern part of the [[Bundesautobahn 115]].

==Circuit==
The highway is located in the southwestern districts of Berlin, linking the [[Bundesautobahn 100|Stadtring]] at the [[Funkturm Berlin|Funkturm]] junction in [[Charlottenburg]] with [[Nikolassee]]. It runs through the [[Grunewald (forest)|Grunewald forest]] along the historic ''Königsweg'' road from Charlottenburg to [[Potsdam]] and the parallel [[Berlin-Blankenheim railway]] line.

While normal for a road, it is unusually shaped for a race track as it is essentially two long straights in the form of a dual carriageway, with a hairpin corner at each end. The north curve featured a steep banking from 1937 to 1967. While the original layout was {{convert|19.569|km|mi|abbr=on}} long, the southern turn was moved several times, to shorten the track to {{convert|8.300|km|mi|abbr=on}}, then {{convert|8.109|km|mi|abbr=on}} without the banking, {{convert|4.879|km|mi|abbr=on}} and finally {{convert|2.639|km|mi|abbr=on}}.

==History==
{{More citations needed|section|date=January 2025}}
In 1907 the [[Automobilclub von Deutschland|Kaiserlicher Automobilclub]] (KAC) association devised a fee-financed circuit, as both a motor-sport venue and a testing track for the motor industry. A developing company was established in 1909; however, a lack of finances and official authorisations delayed the start of construction until spring 1913. During the [[World War I|Great War]] works discontinued, and though [[Imperial Russian Army|Russian Army]] [[prisoner of war|prisoners]] were temporarily employed in AVUS's construction, the track was still unfinished. From 1920 the remaining road work was financed by businessman and politician [[Hugo Stinnes]]. The circuit, including a gate building and several stands, was inaugurated during the first post-war [[Frankfurt Motor Show|International Automobile Exhibition]] (IAA) with a motor race on 24 September 1921. Afterwards the road was open to the public at a charge of ten [[German Papiermark|Marks]].

===Race track===
At the time of opening, AVUS was {{cvt|19.569|km|mi|abbr=on}} long – each straight being approximately half that length, and joined at each end by flat, large-radius curves, driven counter-clockwise.

While the [[Grand Prix motor racing]] scene still evaded German tracks, the circuit from 1922 was also the site of [[Motorcycle racing|motorcycle races]]. On 11 July 1926 the track played host to the first international [[German Grand Prix]] for sports cars, organised by the Automobilclub von Deutschland, the former KAC. The 1921 roadway turned out to be insufficient: Already, in practice two days before, the young Italian driver Enrico Platé (not to be confused with the Argentinian driver and team owner of the same name) was involved in a crash that killed his mechanic. During the race, in heavy rain, two track marshals died when [[Adolf Rosenberger]] lost control and hit the indicator board and the timekeeper's box, with a third employee succumbing to his injuries in hospital a few hours later. The Grand Prix was won by his fellow team-member, the so-far unknown [[Mercedes-Benz]] salesman [[Rudolf Caracciola]], from [[Remagen]], driving a private, eight-cylinder "Monza" [[Kompressor (Mercedes-Benz)|Kompressor]] type. The fastest lap of {{cvt|161|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} was set by [[Ferdinando Minoia]] in an [[Officine Meccaniche|OM]].

From 1927 the German Grand Prix was relocated to the new and more secure [[Nürburgring]] circuit in the Western German [[Eifel]] range, while the AVUS received a new [[Asphalt concrete|asphalt]] surface and served as an experimental track for [[rocket car]]s.

On 23 May 1928 [[Fritz von Opel]] ("Rocket Fritz") achieved a speed record of {{convert|238|km/h|abbr=on}} in an [[Opel RAK2]].

Due to the [[Great Depression]] annual auto races were not resumed until 1931, when Caracciola again won in a [[Mercedes-Benz SSK]], succeeded by [[Manfred von Brauchitsch]] the next year after Caracciola had switched to [[Alfa Romeo]].

The competition on 22 May 1932 saw further notable participants like the [[Francis Curzon, 5th Earl Howe|Earl Howe]], [[Hans Stuck]] and Sir [[Malcolm Campbell]]. The [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] driver, Prince George Christian of [[House of Lobkowicz|Lobkowicz]], died when his [[Bugatti Type 54]] crashed in the southern hairpin. The following events were won by [[Achille Varzi]] (1933) and [[Guy Moll]] (1934), to the great annoyance of the new [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] rulers, who declared the victory of German drivers and cars a matter of national pride. They strongly backed the construction of the new [[Silver Arrows]] (''Silberpfeile'') generation of Mercedes-Benz and [[Auto Union]].

In 1935 [[Luigi Fagioli]] won the race in a [[Mercedes-Benz W25]]; however, the track was no longer adequate for cars reaching average race speeds of far over {{convert|200|km/h|0|abbr=on}}. In an effort to make AVUS the "world's fastest race track", the 1936 season was skipped and while the track hosted the [[Cycling at the 1936 Summer Olympics|cycling]] road race, the marathon and 50&nbsp;km walk [[Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics|athletic]] events of the [[1936 Summer Olympics]], the north curve was turned into a steeply banked turn (43°) made of bricks.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goldenera.fi/gp3703.htm#15 |title=1937 Grand Prix Season – Part 2 |website=The Golden Era of Grand Prix Racing |access-date=2007-11-18 |archive-date=2014-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924134848/http://www.kolumbus.fi/leif.snellman/gp372.htm#15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It became dubbed the ''wall of death'', especially as it had no retaining barrier, so cars that missed the turn easily flew off it.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goldenera.fi/t2.htm |title=Tracks-Germany |website=The Golden Era of Grand Prix Racing |access-date=2007-11-18 |archive-date=2020-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108070630/http://www.kolumbus.fi/leif.snellman/t2.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Silver Arrows raced only once on the banked version, in [[1937 Grand Prix season|1937]]. As the AVUS race did not count towards the championship, non-GP cars were allowed, which permitted the use of streamlined cars, similar to the cars used for high speed record attempts. This race was run in two heats; during qualifying for the second heat, Luigi Fagioli stuck his Auto Union Type C on pole position, with a time of 4 minutes and 8.2 seconds at an average speed of {{cvt|284.31|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} - which was the fastest motor racing lap in history until this time was bettered by [[Tony Bettenhausen]] in qualifying for the 1957 [[Race of Two Worlds]] at Monza. It was also bettered by four drivers during the 1971 Indianapolis 500. Mercedes driver [[Hermann Lang]]'s average race speed of about {{convert|276|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} was the fastest road race in history for nearly five decades, and was not matched on a high-speed banked-circuit until the mid-1980s at the 1986 Indianapolis 500.<ref>[http://racing-reference.info/race/1986_Indianapolis_500/UO#15 "1986 Indianapolis 500". racing-reference.info. Racing Reference.]</ref>

No major race was held after 1937 as, in early 1938, the popular German race driver [[Bernd Rosemeyer]] was killed in a land speed record attempt on a straight section of the Autobahn [[Frankfurt]]–[[Darmstadt]] (present-day [[Bundesautobahn 5]]), at which point the high-speed AVUS was considered too dangerous for the fast Grand Prix race cars. Furthermore, it was to be connected to the growing ''[[Reichsautobahn]]'' network in 1940 by extending it south towards the [[Bundesautobahn 10|Berliner Ring]], therefore the original hairpin at [[Nikolassee]] was demolished and replaced by a junction. A planned banked south turn was never built; the cleared grounds in the [[Grunewald forest]] were used as a proving ground ("Keerans Range") by the [[United States Army|American]] occupation forces after [[World War II]].

===Post-war===
The first AVUS race after the war was held on 1 July 1951 for [[Formula Two]] and [[Formula Three]] cars, won by [[East Germany|East German]] driver [[Paul Greifzu]]. For post-war racing, the original extremely long straights were shortened by the introduction of a new south turn roughly in the middle (just before the ''Hüttenweg'' exit, where it can still be seen), reducing the track length to {{cvt|8.300|km|mi|abbr=on}}. After World War II, the [[Berlin Wall]], with its [[Checkpoint Bravo]] at Dreilinden/Drewitz, came no closer than about one mile (1.6&nbsp;km) to the former South Turn. It is a common yet incorrect belief that the Berlin Wall cut the AVUS in half.

It was not until 19 September 1954 that this shorter track hosted a non-championship [[Formula One]] race. This "Grand Prix of Berlin" was mainly a show dominated by the [[Mercedes-Benz W196]] drivers [[Karl Kling]] (the winner) and [[Juan Manuel Fangio]]. No serious competition was present, as many teams had refused to show up and the German Grand Prix was still held on the Nürburgring. Finally AVUS hosted its only world championship Formula One race with the [[1959 German Grand Prix]] on 2 August, won by [[Tony Brooks (racing driver)|Tony Brooks]]. This race weekend also saw the death of French driver [[Jean Behra]] in a supporting sports car race, as his [[Porsche RSK]] flew over the top of the north turn banking, as there was no wall or fence. German driver and journalist [[Richard von Frankenberg]] had previously walked away from a similar spectacular crash at the same site, but Behra would have no such luck as his body impacted a flagpole head-first after he was flung from his car.

After 1961, Grand Prix racing did not race on banked circuits until [[2000 United States Grand Prix|2000]]. The banked sections at [[Monza Circuit|Autodromo Nazionale Monza]] and [[Autodrome de Linas-Montlhéry]] were considered dangerous by international racing standards. They were used in connection with [[chicane]]s for some time, then abandoned. Banking only returned to Formula One in 2000 when the series used a road course at the [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]]. The AVUS banking was dismantled in 1967 to give way to an expanded intersection under the Funkturm tower. From the top of this tower, one can see that the AVUS is not perfectly straight.

The old banked circuit can be seen in the film ''[[A Dandy in Aspic]]'' (1968) featuring period racing cars.

Racing was continued with a flat north turn, but AVUS only held national touring cars [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] and [[Formula Three]] events. The length of the track was roughly cut in half twice in the 1980s and 1990 as racing on straights became unpopular. Also, [[chicane|chicanes]] were added to reduce entry speed into the North Curve. Yet, some incidents and accidents occurred. The BMW of [[Dieter Quester]] rolled over when exiting the last corner, and crossed the finish line sliding on its roof, with sparks flying, for a podium finish. The car of [[Louis Krages|John Winter]] hit a barrier and exploded into a fireball in North Curve, which he survived.

In 1995, the race 2 of DTM had to be cancelled, after a multi-car pileup blocked the circuit; later that September, British driver [[Kieth O'dor]] was killed in a Super Touring Car event when his car spun and was rammed sideways, with the impact on the driver's side.<ref>[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CC&s_site=contracostatimes&p_multi=CC&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1063F97510EB4AE6&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM Search Results<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

===AVUS today===
After the fall of the Berlin wall, the closure of the AVUS for race events became increasingly problematic over traffic and associated environmental concerns. After the last races in 1998, a farewell event with veterans was held in 1999. Since 2000, the new [[EuroSpeedway Lausitz]] in [[Brandenburg]] is considered the replacement venue for competition.{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}} The round race control tower at the north end still remains with its prominent [[Mercedes-Benz]] and [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] sponsorship insignia. It was used as a (now closed) public restaurant and motel. The old wooden grandstand is protected as a historic monument.

==Gallery==
{{gallery
|File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2007-0625-501, Auto-Reichsfahrt, Avus, Berlin.jpg|[[ADAC]] ''Reichsfahrt'', 1922
|File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-02915, Berlin, AVUS, Großer Preis von Deutschland.jpg|Caracciola (left) after winning the 1926 German Grand Prix
|File:Berlin, International Avusrennen - 1931.jpg|AVUS race, 1931
|File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13505, Berlin, Automobilrennen auf der Avus.jpg|Start of the 1932 race, with Manfred von Brauchitsch in front
|File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-P016402, Berlin, Rennen auf der Avus.jpg|Streamlined Mercedes-Benz W25 Silver Arrow on the banking, 1937
|File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F003014-0006, Berlin, Autorennen auf der Avus.jpg|1955 race, two cars on the north banking
|File:Funkturm Berlin View 14.jpg|North end, view from the [[Funkturm Berlin|Funkturm]]
|File:Berlin-Westend Halenseestraße 47-51 LDL 09040497.JPG|Motel with former control tower
}}

==Lap times==

The fastest official race lap records at AVUS are listed as:

{| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%",
! Category !! Time !! Driver !! Vehicle !! Event
|-
! colspan=5 | Grand Prix Circuit with Chicane: 2.660&nbsp;km (1994–1998)<ref name='avus_rcircuits'>{{cite web |title=AVUS - Racing Circuits |url=https://www.racingcircuits.info/europe/germany/avus.html |website=RacingCircuits.info |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[Class 1 Touring Cars]] || '''0:53.440'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft 1994 » AVUS Round 16 Results |url=https://www.touringcars.net/database/race.php?id=928 |date=4 September 1994 |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|ITA|1946}} [[Stefano Modena]] || [[Alfa Romeo 155#155 V6 TI|Alfa Romeo 155 V6 TI]] || [[1994 Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft|1994 AVUS DTM round]]
|-
| [[Formula Three]] || '''0:54.100'''<ref>{{cite web |title=1994 ADAC AVUS-Rennen 16.Lauf Deutsche Formel-3-Meisterschaft Ergebnis Rennen 2 |url=https://www.formel3guide.com/images/ergebnisse/1994/1994-avus-r2.pdf |date=4 September 1994 |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Jörg Müller]] || [[List of Dallara cars|Dallara F394]] || [[1994 German Formula Three Championship|1994 AVUS German F3 round]]
|-
| [[Super Touring]] || '''0:59.620'''<ref>{{cite web |title=STW Cup 1995 » AVUS Round 14 Results |url=https://www.touringcars.net/database/race.php?id=1027 |date=10 September 1995 |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Roland Asch]] || [[Ford Mondeo#Motorsport|Ford Mondeo Ghia]] || [[1995 Super Tourenwagen Cup|1995 AVUS STW Cup round]]
|-
| [[Group B]] || '''1:00.240'''<ref>{{cite web |title=ADAC GT-Cup Avus 1994 |url=https://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Avus-1994-05-01.html |date=1 May 1994 |access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Ralf Kelleners]] || [[Porsche 964|Porsche 911 (964) Carrera RSR 3.8]] || [[ADAC GT Masters#ADAC GT Cup|1994 Internationales ADAC Avus Rennen]]
|-
! colspan=5 | Grand Prix Circuit: 2.639&nbsp;km (1992–1993)<ref name='avus_rcircuits' /><ref name='avus'>{{cite web |title=AVUS - Motor Sport Magazine |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/circuits/avus/ |website=[[Motor Sport (magazine)|Motor Sport Magazine]] |access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[Formula Three]] || '''0:54.920'''<ref>{{cite web |title=1993 ADAC AVUS-Rennen 17.Lauf Deutsche Formel-3-Meisterschaft Ergebnis Rennen 1 |url=https://www.formel3guide.com/images/ergebnisse/1993/1993-avus-r1.pdf |date=11 September 1993 |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|ITA|1946}} [[Max Angelelli]] || [[List of Dallara cars|Dallara F393]] || [[1993 German Formula Three Championship|1993 AVUS German F3 round]]
|-
| [[Class 1 Touring Cars]] || '''0:56.480'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft 1993 » AVUS Round 18 Results |url=https://www.touringcars.net/database/race.php?id=866 |date=12 September 1993 |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|ITA|1946}} [[Nicola Larini]] || [[Alfa Romeo 155#155 V6 TI|Alfa Romeo 155 V6 TI]] || [[1993 Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft|1993 AVUS DTM round]]
|-
| [[Group A#Touring car racing|Group A]] || '''0:57.020'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft 1992 » AVUS Round 8 Results |url=https://www.touringcars.net/database/race.php?id=806 |date=10 May 1992 |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Bernd Schneider (racing driver)|Bernd Schneider]] || [[Mercedes-Benz W201#190 E 2.3-16 and 2.5-16 Cosworth|Mercedes 190E 2.5-16 Evo2]] || [[1992 Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft|1992 AVUS DTM round]]
|-
| [[Group B]] || '''1:02.510'''<ref>{{cite web |title=ADAC GT-Cup Avus 1993 |url=https://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Avus-1993-05-09.html |date=9 May 1993 |access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Harald Grohs]] || [[Porsche 964|Porsche 911 (964) Carrera RSR 3.8]] || [[ADAC GT Masters#ADAC GT Cup|1993 Internationales ADAC-Avus-Rennen]]
|-
! colspan=5 | Grand Prix Circuit: 4.879&nbsp;km (1989–1991)<ref name='avus_rcircuits' /><ref name='avus' />
|-
| [[Group A#Touring car racing|Group A]] || '''1:30.050'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft 1991 » AVUS Round 8 Results |url=https://www.touringcars.net/database/race.php?id=767 |date=5 May 1991 |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Hans-Joachim Stuck]] || [[Audi V8#Motorsport|Audi V8 Quattro]] || [[1991 Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft|1991 AVUS DTM round]]
|-
| [[Formula Three]] || '''1:32.300'''<ref>{{cite web |title=1991 ADAC AVUS-Rennen 4.Lauf Deutsche Formel-3-Meisterschaft Ergebnis Rennen |url=https://www.formel3guide.com/images/ergebnisse/1991/1991-avus-r.pdf |date=5 May 1991 |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Meik Wagner]] || [[Eufra 391]] || [[1991 German Formula Three Championship|1991 AVUS German F3 round]]
|-
! colspan=5 | Grand Prix Circuit: 8.109&nbsp;km (1968–1988)<ref name='avus_rcircuits' /><ref name='avus' />
|-
| [[Group C]] || '''2:02.130'''<ref>{{cite web |title=DRM Avus 1983 |url=https://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Avus-1983-05-01.html |date=1 May 1983 |access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|BRD}} [[Volkert Merl]] || [[Porsche 956]] || [[Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft|1983 Int. ADAC-Avus-Rennen um den Großen Preis der BZ]]  
|-
| [[Group 5 (motorsport)#4th Generation Group 5 – "Special Production Cars" (1976 to 1982)|Group 5 Special Production]] || '''2:03.400'''<ref>{{cite web |title=DRM Avus 1978 |url=https://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Avus-1978-05-21.html |date=21 May 1978 |access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|NED}} [[Toine Hezemans]] || [[Porsche 935|Porsche 935/77A]] || [[Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft|1978 Internationales ADAC Mampe Avus-Rennen]]
|-
| [[Group 5 (motorsport)#3rd Generation Group 5 – "Sports Cars" (1972 to 1975)|Group 5 Sports Car]] || '''2:04.400'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Interserie Avus 1977 |url=https://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Avus-1977-05-22-3312.html |date=22 May 1977 |access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Derek Bell (racing driver)|Derek Bell]] || [[Alfa Romeo Tipo 33#Alfa Romeo T/33/TT/12|Alfa Romeo T/33/TT/12]] || [[Interserie|1977 AVUS Interserie round]]
|-
| [[BMW M1 Procar Championship|BMW M1 Procar]] || '''2:14.510'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Procar Avus 1980 |url=https://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Avus-1980-05-11.html |date=11 May 1980 |access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|NED}} [[Jan Lammers]] || [[BMW M1#Motorsport|BMW M1 Procar]] || [[1980 BMW M1 Procar Championship|1980 AVUS BMW M1 Procar round]]
|-
| [[Group B]] || '''2:16.170'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Rennsport Trophäe Avus 1983 |url=https://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Avus-1983-05-01r.html |date=1 May 1983 |access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|BRD}} [[Harald Grohs]] || [[BMW M1#Motorsport|BMW M1]] || [[Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft|1983 Int. ADAC-Avus-Rennen um den Großen Preis der BZ]] 
|-
| [[Sports 2000]] || '''2:19.120'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Interserie Avus 1984 |url=https://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Avus-1984-04-14.html |date=14 April 1984 |access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|BRD}} {{ill|Rolf Götz|de}} || [[Chevron B31]] || [[Interserie|1984 Int. ADAC-Avus-Rennen um den Großen Preis der BZ]] 
|-
| [[Group A#Touring car racing|Group A]] || '''2:26.270'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft 1988 » AVUS Round 10 Results |url=https://www.touringcars.net/database/race.php?id=657 |date=29 May 1988 |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|BRD}} [[Armin Hahne]] || [[Ford Sierra RS Cosworth#Touring car racing|Ford Sierra RS500 Cosworth]] || [[1988 Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft|1988 AVUS DTM round]]
|-
| [[Formula Three]] || '''2:26.340'''<ref>{{cite web |title=1984 ADAC AVUS-Rennen 3.Lauf Deutsche Formel-3-Meisterschaft Ergebnis Rennen |url=https://www.formel3guide.com/images/ergebnisse/1984/1984-avus-r.pdf |date=13 May 1984 |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|BRD}} {{ill|Harald Brutschin|pl}} || [[Ralt RT3]] || [[1984 German Formula Three Championship|1984 AVUS German F3 round]]
|-
! colspan=5 | Grand Prix Circuit: 8.300&nbsp;km (1951–1967)<ref name='avus_rcircuits' /><ref name='avus' />
|-
| [[Formula One]] || '''2:04.500'''<ref>{{cite web |title=1959 German Grand Prix |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1959-german-grand-prix/ |website=[[Motor Sport (magazine)|Motor Sport Magazine]] |date=2 August 1959 |access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tony Brooks (racing driver)|Tony Brooks]] || [[Ferrari 246 F1|Ferrari Dino 246]] || [[1959 German Grand Prix]]
|-
| [[Group 4 (motorsport)|Group 4]] || '''2:13.500'''<ref>{{cite web |title=GP Avus 1967 |url=https://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Avus-1967-09-10.html |date=10 September 1967 |access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|BRD}} {{ill|Gerhard Koch|de|Gerhard Koch (Rennfahrer)}} || [[Porsche 906]] || 1967 AVUS Grand Prix
|-
| [[Formula Two]] || '''2:31.900''' || {{flagicon|BRD}} [[Theo Helfrich]] || [[Veritas RS]] || [[1953 Avusrennen]]
|-
| [[Sports car racing]] || '''2:40.100'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Berlin Grand Prix 1962 |url=https://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Avus-1962-05-13.html |date=13 May 1962 |access-date=29 April 2025}}</ref> || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Robert Jenny]] || [[Fiat-Abarth 750#1000|Fiat-Abarth 1000]] || [[1962 World Sportscar Championship|1962 Berlin Grand Prix]]
|-
! colspan=5 | Grand Prix Circuit: 19.291&nbsp;km (1937–1939)<ref name='avus' />
|-
| [[Grand Prix motor racing|GP]] || '''4:11.200'''<ref>{{cite web |title=1937 Avusrennen |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1937-avusrennen/ |website=[[Motor Sport (magazine)|Motor Sport Magazine]] |date=30 May 1937 |access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|GER|1935}} [[Bernd Rosemeyer]] || [[Auto Union racing cars#Racing|Auto Union Type C]] || [[1937 Grand Prix season#Non-championship Grands Prix|1937 Avusrennen]]
|-
| [[Formula Two#Pre-war|Voiturette]] || '''5:51.200'''<ref>{{cite web |title=1937 Avus Voiturette |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1937-avus-voiturette/ |website=[[Motor Sport (magazine)|Motor Sport Magazine]] |date=30 May 1937 |access-date=29 April 2025}}</ref> || {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Charlie Martin (racing driver, born 1913)|Charlie Martin]] || [[English Racing Automobiles#A-Type|ERA A-Type]] || 1937 Avus Voiturette race
|-
! colspan=5 | Original Grand Prix Circuit: 19.573&nbsp;km (1921–1936)<ref name='avus' />
|-
| [[Grand Prix motor racing|GP]] || '''4:32.000'''<ref>{{cite web |title=1935 Avusrennen |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1935-avusrennen/ |website=[[Motor Sport (magazine)|Motor Sport Magazine]] |date=26 May 1935 |access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref> || {{flagicon|GER|1933}} [[Hans Stuck]] || [[Auto Union racing cars#Racing|Auto Union Type B]] || [[1935 Grand Prix season#Major Non-championship Races|1935 Avusrennen]]
|-
| [[Formula Two#Pre-war|Voiturette]] || '''6:17.000'''<ref>{{cite web |title=1933 Avus Voiturette |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1933-avus-voiturette/ |website=[[Motor Sport (magazine)|Motor Sport Magazine]] |date=21 May 1933 |access-date=29 April 2025}}</ref> || {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Pierre Veyron]] || [[Bugatti Type 51|Bugatti T51A]] || 1933 Avus Voiturette race
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Formula One circuits]]
* [[Lausitzring]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080406153656/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1936/1936v2sum.pdf 1936 Summer Olympics official report.] Volume 2. pp.&nbsp;644–7, 682-5, 932-5.
* [http://www.forix.com/8w/avus.html FORIX about the AVUS track]
* [https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=zAwYScNYWOgU.kLTiFm1izaH8 Historic Purpose Built Grand Prix Circuits on Google Maps]

{{Formula One circuits}}
{{FIM EWC circuits}}
{{World Sportscar Championship circuits}}
{{DTM circuits}}
{{FIA European F3 Championship circuits}}
{{1936 Summer Olympic venues}}
{{Olympic venues athletics}}
{{Olympic venues cycling}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Avus}}
[[Category:Venues of the 1936 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic athletics venues]]
[[Category:Formula One circuits]]
[[Category:German Grand Prix]]
[[Category:Defunct motorsport venues in Germany]]
[[Category:Roads in Berlin]]
[[Category:Motorsport venues in Berlin]]
[[Category:Olympic cycling venues]]