Editing Abadan, Iran

{{Short description|City in Khuzestan province, Iran}}
{{Distinguish|Abdan|Ibadan}}
{{Redirect|Abadan|other places with the same name|Abadan (disambiguation){{!}}Abadan|the administrative division of Khuzestan province|Abadan County}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}

{{Infobox settlement
 |name                     = Abadan
 |official_name            = Ābādān
 |native_name              = {{langx|fa|آبادان}}
 |settlement_type          = City
 |image_skyline            = {{Photomontage
                              | photo1a = Rengoonie's Mosque 1.jpg
                              | photo2a = 2-برج آب 2 منطقه بریم.jpg
                              | photo2b = Chaurchhhhh.jpg
                              | photo3a = دانشکده نفت آبادان.jpg
                              | spacing = 2
                              | size = 266
                              | foot_montage = 
                             }}
 | image_caption           =
 | image_seal              =
 | seal_alt                =
 | image_shield            =
 | shield_alt              =
 | nickname                =
 | motto                   =
 | image_map               =
 | mapsize                 =
 | map_caption             =
 | mapsize1                =
 | map_caption1            =
 | pushpin_map             = Iran#Persian Gulf
 | pushpin_label_position  = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
 | pushpin_mapsize         =
 | pushpin_relief          = 1
 | pushpin_map_caption     = Location in [[Iran]] and Asia
 | coordinates             = {{Coord|30|20|49|N|48|16|57|E|dim:4kmtype:city(231,000)_region:IR-06|display=inline,title}}
 | coordinates_footnotes   = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=30.346944&mlon=48.2825&zoom=13#map=13/30.34694/48.28250|website=[[OpenStreetMap]] |title=Abadan, Abadan County|date=13 December 2024|access-date=13 December 2024|lang=fa}}</ref>
 | subdivision_type        = Country
 | subdivision_name        = [[Iran]]
 | subdivision_type1       = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]]
 | subdivision_type2       = [[Counties of Iran|County]]
 | subdivision_type3       = [[Bakhsh|District]]
 | subdivision_type4       =
 | subdivision_name1       = [[Khuzestan province|Khuzestan]]
 | subdivision_name2       = [[Abadan County|Abadan]]
 | subdivision_name3       = [[Central District (Abadan County)|Central]]
 | subdivision_name4       =
 | established_title       =
 | established_date        =
 | leader_title            = Mayor
 | leader_name             = Yasin Kavehpour<ref>[https://www.irna.ir/news/84838842 شهردار آبادان انتخاب شد] irna.ir (in Persian)</ref>
 | leader_title2           = [[Islamic City Council of Abadan|City Council chairman]]
 | area_footnotes          =
 | area_magnitude          =
 | area_land_km2           = 1275
 | area_land_sq_mi         =
 | area_water_km2          =
 | area_water_sq_mi        =
 | area_water_percent      =
 | area_urban_km2          = 
 | area_metro_km2          =
 | area_urban_sq_mi        =
 | elevation_footnotes     =
 | elevation_m             = 3
 | elevation_ft            =
 | population_as_of        = 2016
 | population_density_km2  = auto
 | population_total        = 231476
 | population_footnotes    = <ref name="2016 Khuzestan Province"/>
 | population_metro        =
 | population_est          =
 | population_est_as_of    =
 | population_blank1_title = Population Rank in Iran
 | population_blank1       = [[List of Iran cities by population|40th]]
 | population_demonym      = Abadani&nbsp;([[English language|en]])
 | area_code               = (+98) 061
 | blank_name              = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
 | blank_info              = [[Semi-arid climate#Cold semi-arid climates|BSk]]
 | website                 = {{URL|https://www.abadan.ir/fa}}
 | footnotes               =
 | timezone                = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
 | utc_offset              = +03:30
}}
{{Contains special characters|Perso-Arabic}}

'''Abadan''' ({{langx|fa|آبادان}}; {{IPA|fa|ʔɒːbɒːˈdɒːn|pron}}){{efn|Also [[romanize]]d as '''Ābādān'''; [[Arabic language|Arabic]]: عبادان}} is a city in the [[Central District (Abadan County)|Central District]] of [[Abadan County]], [[Khuzestan province|Khuzestan]] province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.<ref name="Khuzestan Province Structure">{{cite report|title=Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Khuzestan province, centered in the city of Ahvaz|language=fa|website=rc.majlis.ir|via=Islamic Parliament Research Center|url=https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113029|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717093724/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113029|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Political and Defense Commission of the Government Board|last=Habibi|first=Hassan|archive-date=17 July 2014|date=26 July 2014|orig-date=Approved 21 June 1369|id=Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Letter 907-93808; Notification 82830/T126K|access-date=25 January 2024}}</ref> The city is in the southwest of the county. It lies on [[Abadan Island]] ({{convert|68|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=or}} long, 3–19&nbsp;km or 2–12&nbsp;miles wide). The island is bounded in the west by the [[Shatt al-Arab|Arvand]] waterway and to the east by the [[Bahmanshir]] outlet of the [[Karun River]] (the [[Arvand Rood]]), {{convert|53|km|mi}} from the [[Persian Gulf]],<ref name="eb">{{harvnb|Hoiberg|2010|p=6}}</ref> near the [[Iran–Iraq]] border. Abadan is 140&nbsp;km from the provincial capital city of [[Ahvaz]].

==Etymology==
The earliest mention of the island of Abadan, if not the port itself, is found in the works of the Greek geographer [[Marcian of Heraclea|Marcian]], who renders the name "Apphadana".<ref>{{harvnb|Hoeschel|Heracleensis|von Karyanda|Messenius|1600|p=48}}</ref> Earlier, the classical geographer [[Ptolemy]] notes "Apphana" as an island off the mouth of the [[Tigris]] (which is where the modern Island of Abadan is located). An [[etymology]] for this name is presented by B. Farahvashi to be derived from the [[Persian language|Persian]] word "ab" (water) and the root "pā" (guard, watch) thus "coastguard station").<ref name="ei" />

In Islamic times, a pseudo-etymology was produced by the historian [[Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri]] (d. 892), quoting a folk story that the town was presumably founded by one "Abbad bin Hosayn" from the Arabian Tribe of [[Banu Tamim]], who established a garrison there during the governorship of ''Hajjaj'' in the [[Ummayad]] period.<ref name="ei"/>

In the subsequent centuries, the Persian version of the name had begun to come into general use before it was adopted by official decree in 1935.<ref name="ei">{{harvnb|Elwell-Sutton|de Planhol|1982|p=52}}</ref>

==History==
Abadan is thought to have been further developed into a major port city under the [[Abbasid]]s' rule. The city was then a commercial source of salt and woven [[mat]]s.<ref name="eb" /> The [[siltation]] of the river delta forced the town further away from water; In the 14th century, however, [[Ibn Battutah]] described Abadan just as a small port in a flat salty plain.<ref name="eb2">{{harvnb|Hoiberg|2010|p=7}}</ref> Politically, Abadan was often the subject of dispute between the nearby states. In 1847, Persia acquired it from the [[Ottoman Empire]]<ref name=col /> in which state Abadan has remained since. From the 17th century onward, the island of Abadan was part of the lands of the [[Arab]] ''Ka'ab'' ([[Bani Kaab]]) tribe. One section of the tribe, ''Mohaysen'', had its headquarters at ''Mohammara'' (now [[Khorramshahr]]), until the removal of Shaikh [[Khaz'al Khan]] in 1924.<ref>{{harvnb|Elwell-Sutton|de Planhol|1982|p=53}}</ref>

It was not until the 20th century that rich oil fields were discovered in the area. On 16 July 1909, after secret negotiation with the [[British Empire|British]] consul, [[Percy Cox]], assisted by [[Arnold Wilson]], and [[Khaz'al al-Ka'bi|Sheik Khaz'al]] agreed to a rental agreement for the island, including Abadan.<ref>{{harvnb|Ferrier|1991|pp=641–42}}</ref><ref name=gre>{{harvnb|Greaves|1991|pp=418–19}}</ref><ref name=AB56>{{harvnb|Abrahamian|2008|p=56}}</ref>{{refn|group=nb|The agreement gave £1,500 per year and £16,500 in gold sovereigns to the Sheik.<ref name=AB56/>}} The Sheik continued to administer the island until 1924.<ref name=fer>{{harvnb|Ferrier|1991|pp=647–48}}</ref> The [[Anglo-Persian Oil Company]] built their first pipeline terminus [[oil refinery]] in Abadan, starting in 1909 and completing it in 1912, with oil flowing by August 1912 (see [[Abadan Refinery]]).<ref name=mac>{{harvnb|MacPherson|1989|p=164}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Issawi|1991|pp=606–07}}</ref> Refinery throughput numbers rose from 33,000 tons in 1912–1913 to 4,338,000 tons in 1931.<ref name=fer/> By 1938, it was the largest in the world.

During [[World War II]], Abadan was the site of brief combat between Iranian forces and British and Indian troops during the [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]]. [[Alanbrooke]] wrote in August 1942 that everything depends on the oil from Abadan, as "if we lost [Persian oil] it could not be made good from America because of the shortage of tankers ... we inevitably lost Egypt, command of the Indian Ocean, and endangered the whole India Burma situation".<ref>{{cite book | last = Alanbrooke | first = Field Marshal Lord  <!--| authorlink = Alan Brooke-->  | title = War Diaries 1939–1945 |url=https://archive.org/details/wardiaries1939190000alan/page/290/mode/2up?q=Abadan | publisher = Phoenix Press | date = 2001 | location =  | page = 290 | doi = | id = | isbn = 1-84212-526-5 }}</ref> Later, Abadan was a major logistics centre for [[Lend-Lease]] aircraft being sent to the [[Soviet Union]] by the [[United States]].<ref>{{harvnb|Ferrier|1991|p=651}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | date = 3 April 1987 | url = http://airforcehistoryindex.org/data/000/190/278.xml | title = Document Detail for IRISNUM= 00190278 | access-date = 6 August 2014 | website = Air Force History Index }}</ref>

In 1951, Iran nationalised all oil properties and refining ground to a stop on the island. Rioting broke out in Abadan, after the government had decided to nationalise the oil facilities, and three British workers were killed.<ref>{{harvnb|Wilber|1984|p=141}}</ref> It was not until 1954, after the British-American led coup they overthrew the democratically elected government, that a settlement was reached, which allowed a consortium of international oil companies to manage the production and refining on the island.<ref name=Colliers>{{harvnb|Melamid|1997|p=6}}</ref> That continued until 1973, when the [[NIOC]] took over all facilities.<ref name=mac/> After the total nationalisation, Iran focused on supplying oil domestically and built a pipeline from Abadan to [[Tehran]].<ref name=mac/>

Abadan was not a major cultural or religious centre, but it played an important role in the [[Islamic Revolution]]. On 19 August 1978, the anniversary of the US-backed [[coup d'état]] that had overthrown the nationalist and popular Iranian prime minister, [[Mohammed Mossadegh]], the Cinema Rex, a movie theatre in Abadan, was set ablaze. The [[Cinema Rex Fire]] caused 430 deaths,<ref name = Cam>{{harvnb|Chelkowski|1991|p=800}}</ref>{{refn|group=nb|Sources give different amounts for the number of people killed, with 400+,<ref name=abra>{{harvnb|Abrahamian|2008|p=159}}</ref> "about 370 people",<ref name=ax>{{harvnb|Axworthy|2013|pp=108–09}}</ref> and "almost 400 people."<ref name=dan>{{harvnb|Daniel|2001|pp=167–68}}</ref>}} but more importantly, it was another event that kept the Islamic Revolution moving ahead. At the time, there was much confusion and misinformation about the perpetrators of the incident. The public largely put the blame on the local police chief and also the Shah and [[SAVAK]].<ref name=abra/><ref name=ax/><ref name=dan/><ref>{{harvnb|Satrapi|2003|pp=14–15}}</ref> The reformist ''Sobh-e Emrooz'' newspaper in one of its editorials revealed that the Cinema Rex was burned down by radical Islamists. The newspaper was shut down immediately afterwards. Over time, the true culprits, radical Islamists, were apprehended, and the logic behind this act was revealed, as they were trying both to foment the general public to distrust the government even more, and perceived cinema as a link to the Americans.<ref name=ax/><ref>{{harvnb|Keddie|2003|p=231}}</ref> The fire was one of four during a short period in August, with other fires in [[Mashhad]], [[Urmia|Rizaiya]], and [[Shiraz]].<ref name=Cam/> In September 1980, Abadan was almost overrun during a surprise attack on Khuzestan by Iraq, marking the beginning of the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. For 11 months, Abadan was besieged and faced Iraqi artillery and aerial bombardments, but was never captured, by Iraqi forces, and in September 1981, the Iranians broke the [[siege of Abadan]].<ref>{{harvnb|Daniel|2001|p=208}}</ref> Much of the city, including the oil refinery, which was the world's largest refinery with a capacity of 628,000 barrels per day, was badly damaged or destroyed by the siege and by bombing.<ref>{{harvnb|MacPherson|1989|p=154}}</ref> Prior to the war, the city's civilian population was about 300,000, but at the war's end nearly the entire populace had sought refuge elsewhere in Iran.

After the war, the biggest concern was the rebuilding of Abadan's oil refinery, as it was operating at 10% of capacity due to damage.<ref>{{harvnb|Axworthy|2013|p=309}}</ref> In 1993, the refinery began limited operation and the port reopened.  By 1997, the refinery reached the same rate of production as before the war. Recently, Abadan has been the site of major labour activity as workers at the oil refineries in the city have staged walkouts and strikes to protest non-payment of wages and the political situation in the country.<ref>{{harvnb|Mather|2009}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Exploded tank, remains in Abadan as symbol of Iran–Iraq War.jpg|The burnt-out shell of an Iraqi [[T-54/55]] tank, now a monument to the [[Iran–Iraq War]].|alt=
File:Abadan ruin.jpg|Ruins of a building in Abadan, which had suffered serious damages during the Iran–Iraq War (1980–88), including by Saddam's deadly chemical weapons.
File:Pictures From Iran E5329.jpg|Pictures From Iran E5329
File:Shah visits AbadanPetrochemical.jpg|Mohammad Reza Shah visits Abadan Petrochemical
File:Outdoor cinema in Abadan, Iran, 1960s.jpg|[[Outdoor cinema]] in Abadan, 1960s
</gallery>

==Recent events==
To honor the 100th anniversary of the refining of oil in Abadan, city officials are planning an oil museum.<ref name="chn.ir">{{cite web | website = Petro Energy Information Network | date = 22 October 2005 | url = http://www.shana.ir/en/newsagency/68942 | title = Southern Iran Craves for an Oil Museum | access-date = 6 August 2014 }}</ref> The Abadan oil refinery was featured on the reverse side of Iran's 100-rial banknotes printed in 1965 and from 1971 to 1973. Abadan today has been declared as a free zone city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Policy – Arvand Free Zone Organization |url=https://arvandfreezone.com/en/privacy-policy/ |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=arvandfreezone.com}}</ref> The healthy relationship between Iran and Iraq has become one of the transit cities connecting both countries through a 40-minute drive.

==Population==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Population
! Year!! People
|-
| 1910|| 400
|-
| 1949|| 173,000{{sfn|Hein|Sedighi|2016}}
|-
| 1956|| 226,083<ref name="population history">{{cite web |title=Cities with a population of 100,000 and more (1956-2006 census) |url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/13-cities-with-a-population-of-100-000-and-more-1335-1385-1956-2006-census-1.xlsx |website=irandataportal.syr.edu |publisher=Iran data portal |access-date=1 June 2025 |page=1 |format=XLS}}</ref>
|-
| 1966|| 272,962<ref name="population history"/>
|-
| 1976|| 294,068<ref name="population history"/>
|-
| 1980 || 300,000
|-
| 1986 || 6<ref name="population history"/>
|-
| 1991 || 84,774<ref name=col>{{harvnb|Lagassé|2000|p=2}}</ref>
|-
| 1996 || 206,073<ref name="population history"/>
|-
| 2006 || 217,988<ref name="2006 Khuzestan Province"/>
|-
| 2011 || 212,744<ref name="2011 Khuzestan Province"/>
|-
| 2016 || 231,476<ref name="2016 Khuzestan Province"/>
|}

The civilian population of the city almost disappeared during the eight years of the [[Iran–Iraq War]] (1980–1988). The 1986 census recorded only 6 people. In 1991, 84,774 people had returned to live in the city.<ref name=col /> By 2001, the population had jumped to 206,073; the 2006 census put it at 217,988 people in 48,061 households.<ref name="2006 Khuzestan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Khuzestan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/06.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920093911/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/06.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 212,744 people in 55,318 households.<ref name="2011 Khuzestan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Khuzestan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Khuzestan.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118191739/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Khuzestan.xls|archive-date=18 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 231,476 people in 66,470 households.<ref name="2016 Khuzestan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Khuzestan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_06.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021081917/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_06.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=21 October 2020}}</ref> [[Abadan Refinery]] is one of the largest in the world.

Only 9% of managers (of the oil company) were from Khuzestan. The proportion of natives of [[Tehran]], the [[Caspians|Caspian]], [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Azerbaijan]], and [[Kurdistan Province, Iran|Kurdistan]] rose from 4% of [[blue collar]] workers to 22% of [[White-collar worker|white collar]] workers  from Esfhan and shiraz to 45% of managers, thus [[Arabic]]-speakers were concentrated on the lower rungs 4% of the work force. In general, Abadan is a city with a majority of the Persian population over 60% who have been influenced by Arabic culture, and the rest of the Azeri population is Kurds and... the native Arabic population is 4%-5% managers tended to be brought in from some distance.<ref>{{harvnb|Elwell-Sutton|de Planhol|1982|pp=55–56}}</ref> There is also a single Armenian church in the centre of the city, [[Saint Garapet Church, Abadan|Saint Garapet church]].

=== Language ===
The linguistic composition of the city:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Language distribution: Khuzestan Province |url=http://iranatlas.net/index.html?module=module.language-distribution.kordestan#eyJ0IjoieCIsImkiOiIyYzg5NmZiZWU2ZmNiZTNmNWQ3ODZkNGNjNzIwYWQxYiIsInMiOjE2MzI2MTAyNjI2NjV9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204171130/http://iranatlas.net/index.html?module=module.language-distribution.kordestan#eyJ0IjoieCIsImkiOiIyYzg5NmZiZWU2ZmNiZTNmNWQ3ODZkNGNjNzIwYWQxYiIsInMiOjE2MzI2MTAyNjI2NjV9 |archive-date=4 December 2017 |access-date=4 April 2025 |website=Iran Atlas}}</ref>{{bar box|title=Abadan linguistic composition|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Language|right1=percent|float=|bars={{bar percent|[[Persian language|Persian]]|blue|60}}
{{bar percent|[[Khuzestani Arabic]]|red|35}}
{{bar percent|Mixed|green|5}}}}

== Geography ==
=== Climate ===
The climate in Abadan is [[arid climate|arid]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''BWh'') and similar to [[Baghdad]]'s, but slightly hotter due to Abadan's lower latitude. Summers are dry and extremely hot, with temperatures above {{convert|45|°C|°F}} almost daily and temperatures above {{convert|50|°C|°F}} can be almost common. Abadan is notably one of the few hottest populated places on earth and experiences a few sand and dust storms per year. Winters are mildly wet and spring-like, though subject to cold spells with night frost. However, winters in Abadan have no snow. Winter temperatures are around {{convert|16–20|°C|°F}}. The [[Hottest place on Earth|world's highest unconfirmed temperature]] was a temperature flare up during a [[heat burst]] in June 1967, with a temperature of {{convert|86.7|°C|°F}}.<ref>{{harvnb|Burt|2004|p=36}}</ref> The lowest recorded temperature in the city range is {{convert|-4|°C|°F}}. which was recorded on 20 January 1964 and 3 February 1967 while the highest is {{convert|53.0|°C|°F}}, recorded on 11 July 1951, 9 August 1981 and 5 August 2022.<ref name=records /><ref name="Ogimet">{{cite web |url=https://ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=40831&ano=2022&mes=8&day=5&hora=18&min=0&ndays=30|title=40831: Abadan (Iran) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=4 August 2022  |website=ogimet.com |publisher=OGIMET|access-date=8 August 2022 }}</ref>

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Abadan (1991–2020, records 1951–present)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 29.0
| Feb record high C = 34.0
| Mar record high C = 41.1
| Apr record high C = 43.4
| May record high C = 49.4
| Jun record high C = 52.2
| Jul record high C = 53.0
| Aug record high C = 53.0
| Sep record high C = 50.1
| Oct record high C = 45.5
| Nov record high C = 37.7
| Dec record high C = 29.8
| Jan high C = 18.4
| Feb high C = 21.4
| Mar high C = 26.7
| Apr high C = 33.2
| May high C = 40.2
| Jun high C = 45.2
| Jul high C = 46.8
| Aug high C = 46.9
| Sep high C = 43.4
| Oct high C = 36.7
| Nov high C = 26.8
| Dec high C = 20.3
| year high C = 
| Jan mean C = 12.9
| Feb mean C = 15.4
| Mar mean C = 20.1
| Apr mean C = 26.1
| May mean C = 32.5
| Jun mean C = 36.5
| Jul mean C = 37.8
| Aug mean C = 37.3
| Sep mean C = 33.5
| Oct mean C = 27.7
| Nov mean C = 19.6
| Dec mean C = 14.3
| year mean C = 
| Jan low C = 7.9
| Feb low C = 10.0
| Mar low C = 14.1
| Apr low C = 19.6
| May low C = 24.9
| Jun low C = 27.8
| Jul low C = 29.2
| Aug low C = 28.5
| Sep low C = 24.8
| Oct low C = 20.3
| Nov low C = 14.0
| Dec low C = 9.2
| year low C = 
| Jan record low C = -4.0
| Feb record low C = -4.0
| Mar record low C = -1.0
| Apr record low C = 7.0
| May record low C = 12.0
| Jun record low C = 17.0
| Jul record low C = 17.0
| Aug record low C = 19.4
| Sep record low C = 14.0
| Oct record low C = 7.0
| Nov record low C = -1.6
| Dec record low C = -1.0

| Jan precipitation mm = 32.9
| Feb precipitation mm = 16.2
| Mar precipitation mm = 19.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 12.6
| May precipitation mm = 2.7
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.1
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.0
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 0.0
| Oct precipitation mm = 7.7
| Nov precipitation mm = 23.2
| Dec precipitation mm = 39.6
| year precipitation mm =
| unit precipitation days =  1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days  =4.1
| Feb precipitation days  =2.7
| Mar precipitation days  =2.8
| Apr precipitation days  =2
| May precipitation days  =0.6
| Jun precipitation days  =0
| Jul precipitation days  =0
| Aug precipitation days  =0
| Sep precipitation days  =0
| Oct precipitation days  =0.9
| Nov precipitation days  =3
| Dec precipitation days  =3.5
| year precipitation days =
| Jan humidity    =69
| Feb humidity    =57
| Mar humidity    =48
| Apr humidity    =40
| May humidity    =29
| Jun humidity    =22
| Jul humidity    =24
| Aug humidity    =28
| Sep humidity    =31
| Oct humidity    =43
| Nov humidity    =57
| Dec humidity    =68
| Jan dew point C =6.7
| Feb dew point C =5.9
| Mar dew point C =7.1
| Apr dew point C =9.6
| May dew point C =10.1
| Jun dew point C =9.3
| Jul dew point C =11.6
| Aug dew point C =13.1
| Sep dew point C =11.6
| Oct dew point C =11.8
| Nov dew point C =9.7
| Dec dew point C =7.8

| Jan sun  =201
| Feb sun  =205
| Mar sun  =244
| Apr sun  =243
| May sun  =297
| Jun sun  =343
| Jul sun  =341
| Aug sun  =342
| Sep sun  =305
| Oct sun  =270
| Nov sun  =214
| Dec sun  =201
| Jan light = 10.4
| Feb light = 11.1
| Mar light = 12
| Apr light = 12.9
| May light = 13.7
| Jun light = 14.1
| Jul light = 13.9
| Aug light = 13.2
| Sep light = 12.3
| Oct light = 11.4
| Nov light = 10.6
| Dec light = 10.2
| Jan uv  =5
| Feb uv  =6
| Mar uv  =6
| Apr uv  =8
| May uv  =9
| Jun uv  =10
| Jul uv  =10
| Aug uv  =10
| Sep uv  =8
| Oct uv  =7
| Nov uv  =5
| Dec uv  =5
|source 1= [[NCEI|NOAA NCEI]]<ref name="ncei">{{cite web |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Abadan |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/Abadan_40831.csv |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=[[NOAA]] |access-date=31 January 2024}}</ref>
|source 2 = Iran Meteorological Organization (records),<ref name="records">* {{cite web |url= http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khz/ABADAN/7.asp |title= Highest record temperature in Abadan by Month 1951–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= 8 April 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151127075208/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khz/ABADAN/7.asp |archive-date= 27 November 2015 |url-status= dead }}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khz/ABADAN/6.asp |title= Lowest record temperature in Abadan by Month 1951–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= 8 April 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151127063020/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khz/ABADAN/6.asp |archive-date= 27 November 2015 |url-status= dead }}</ref> Weather atlas(Daylight-UV)<ref name="atlas">{{cite web |title=Climate and monthly weather forecast Abadan, Iran |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/iran/abadan-climate |website=weather atlas |access-date=31 January 2024}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Abadan (1951–2010, records 1951–present)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 29.0
| Feb record high C = 34.0
| Mar record high C = 41.1
| Apr record high C = 43.4
| May record high C = 49.4
| Jun record high C = 52.2
| Jul record high C = 53.0
| Aug record high C = 53.0
| Sep record high C = 50.1
| Oct record high C = 45.5
| Nov record high C = 37.7
| Dec record high C = 29.8
| Jan high C = 18.1
| Feb high C = 20.9
| Mar high C = 25.9
| Apr high C = 32.2
| May high C = 39.2
| Jun high C = 43.8
| Jul high C = 45.4
| Aug high C = 45.4
| Sep high C = 42.5
| Oct high C = 36.1
| Nov high C = 26.8
| Dec high C = 19.9
| year high C = 33.0
| Jan mean C = 12.7
| Feb mean C = 15.0
| Mar mean C = 19.4
| Apr mean C = 25.2
| May mean C = 31.2
| Jun mean C = 35.2
| Jul mean C = 36.7
| Aug mean C = 36.3
| Sep mean C = 33.0
| Oct mean C = 27.5
| Nov mean C = 20.0
| Dec mean C = 14.3
| year mean C = 25.5
| Jan low C = 7.3
| Feb low C = 9.1
| Mar low C = 13.0
| Apr low C = 18.1
| May low C = 23.3
| Jun low C = 26.5
| Jul low C = 28.0
| Aug low C = 27.3
| Sep low C = 23.4
| Oct low C = 18.9
| Nov low C = 13.2
| Dec low C = 8.7
| year low C = 18.1
| Jan record low C = -4.0
| Feb record low C = -4.0
| Mar record low C = -1.0
| Apr record low C = 7.0
| May record low C = 12.0
| Jun record low C = 17.0
| Jul record low C = 17.0
| Aug record low C = 19.4
| Sep record low C = 14.0
| Oct record low C = 7.0
| Nov record low C = -1.6
| Dec record low C = -1.0
| year record low C = -4.0
| Jan precipitation mm = 35.5
| Feb precipitation mm = 20.0
| Mar precipitation mm = 19.2
| Apr precipitation mm = 14.4
| May precipitation mm = 3.2
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.1
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.0
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 0.1
| Oct precipitation mm = 3.9
| Nov precipitation mm = 20.5
| Dec precipitation mm = 36.4
| year precipitation mm = 153.3
| Jan rain days = 4.7
| Feb rain days = 3.4
| Mar rain days = 3.3
| Apr rain days = 2.2
| May rain days = 0.9
| Jun rain days = 0.0
| Jul rain days = 0.0
| Aug rain days = 0.0
| Sep rain days = 0.0
| Oct rain days = 0.6
| Nov rain days = 2.6
| Dec rain days = 4.6
| year rain days = 22.3
| Jan sun = 180.6
| Feb sun = 195.0
| Mar sun = 222.3
| Apr sun = 221.6
| May sun = 262.9
| Jun sun = 292.1
| Jul sun = 305.1
| Aug sun = 290.4
| Sep sun = 290.4
| Oct sun = 263.4
| Nov sun = 202.4
| Dec sun = 182.5
| Jan humidity = 70
| Feb humidity = 61
| Mar humidity = 51
| Apr humidity = 44
| May humidity = 33
| Jun humidity = 26
| Jul humidity = 28
| Aug humidity = 31
| Sep humidity = 34
| Oct humidity = 45
| Nov humidity = 58
| Dec humidity = 69
| year humidity = 45
| source 1 = Iran Meteorological Organization (records),<ref name="records"/> (temperatures),<ref name=temperatures>* {{cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khz/Abadan/3.asp |title=Average Maximum temperature in Abadan by Month 1951–2010 |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date=8 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127081232/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khz/Abadan/3.asp |archive-date=27 November 2015 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khz/ABADAN/5.asp |title=Average Mean Daily temperature in Abadan by Month 1951–2010 |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date=8 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208021742/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khz/ABADAN/5.asp |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khz/ABADAN/2.asp |title=Average Minimum temperature in Abadan by Month 1951–2010 |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date=8 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127013834/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khz/ABADAN/2.asp |archive-date=27 November 2015 }}</ref> (precipitation),<ref name= precipitation>{{cite web |url= http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khz/ABADAN/25.asp |title= Monthly Total Precipitation in Abadan by Month 1951–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= 8 April 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151203201542/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khz/ABADAN/25.asp |archive-date= 3 December 2015 |url-status= dead }}</ref> (humidity),<ref name=humidity>
{{cite web|url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khz/ABADAN/14.asp |title=Average relative humidity in Abadan by Month 1951–2010 |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date=8 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126230756/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khz/ABADAN/14.asp |archive-date=26 November 2015 }}</ref> (days with precipitation),<ref name=precipdays>
{{cite web|url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khz/ABADAN/29.asp |title=No. Of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm in Abadan by Month 1951–2010 |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date=8 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127034032/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khz/ABADAN/29.asp |archive-date=27 November 2015 }}</ref> (sunshine)<ref name=sunshine>
{{cite web|url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/statistics/archive/iran/khz/ABADAN/42.asp |title=Monthly total sunshine hours in ABADAN by Month 1951–2010 |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date=8 April 2015 }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=40831&ano=2021&mes=9&day=2&hora=0&min=0&ndays=30 |title=40831: Abadan (Iran) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 2 September 2021|website=ogimet.com |publisher=OGIMET |access-date= 13 September 2021|quote=}}</ref><ref name="Ogimet" />
| date = November 2015
| source = 
}}

== Economics and education ==
The Abadan Institute of Technology was established in Abadan in 1939.<ref name=fer /> The school specialized in engineering and petroleum [[chemistry]], and was designed to train staff for the refinery in town. The school's name has since changed several times, but since 1989 has been considered a branch campus of the [[Petroleum University of Technology]], centred in [[Tehran]]. [[Abadan University of Medical Sciences]], It was founded by Ministry of Health and Medical Education in September 1941 as a Nursing Faculty and in 2012 it became an independent faculty of medical school. Program study of this school is similar to curriculum that applies most Iranian medical faculties.

Abadan was chosen for constructing a refinery because of its strategic position and proximity to other resources. The [[Abadan Refinery]] construction project started in 1909 and its operation began in 1962 by a production capacity of 2500 barrels per day.

There is an international [[Abadan-Ayatollah Jami International Airport|airport]] in Abadan. It is represented by the [[IATA airport code]] ABD.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flightradar24.com/data/airports/abd|title=Flightradar24.com – Live flight tracker!|website=Flightradar24}}</ref>
There is a large amount of external investment from [[East Asia]]n countries that are building oil refineries and developing a lot of real estate.

Today, Abadan is known for its lively fish market where locals buy fresh catch of the day used in the many delicious seafood dishes of the city. Abadan is also part of the [[Arvand Free Zone]], a 155 square kilometer industrial and security zone.<ref>Abadan city Book. 187.1.1</ref>

===Major corporations===
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
* Abadan Oil Refining Co.
* Abadan Petrochemical Company
* Afra Arvand
* Homa Chemistry
* Iranol Oil Company
* KPC Karun
* Pars Opal Co.
* Pasargad Oil
* Shirin Diar Arvand Co.
* Tam Arvand Machine
* U-PVC Novin
* Vina Naghsh Industrial Group
* Yekta Tahviyeh Arvand Co.
{{Div col end}}

===Universities===
* [[Abadan University of Medical Sciences]]
* Islamic Azad University of Abadan
* MehrArvand University
* [[Petroleum University of Technology]]
* PNU of Abadan

== Main sights ==
{{See also| Tourism in Iran}}
[[File:سینما نفت.jpg|thumb|Naft Cinema]]
[[File:Rengoonie's Mosque 1.jpg|thumb|Rengoonie's Mosque]]

=== Bridges ===
* [[Bahmanshir Bridge at Istgah-e Haft, Abadan|Bahmanshir Bridge at Istgah-e Haft]]
* Imam Reza Cable Bridge

=== Mosques ===
* [[Rangooniha Mosque]]

=== Museums ===
* Abadan Museum
* Historical and Handwritten Documents Museum
* Abadan Gasoline House Museum
* Oil Museum of Abadan

=== Church ===
* [[Saint Garapet Church, Abadan|St. Karapet Armenian Church]]

=== Cinema ===
* Cinema Naft
* Shirin Movie Theater

==Notable people==
<!-- Please respect alphabetical order. -->
{{Main|List of people from Abadan}}
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Ahmad Reza Abedzadeh]] – football player
* [[Sussan Babaie]] – art historian 
* [[Patrik Baboumian]] – strongman  
* [[Mohsen Bayatinia]] – football player 
* [[Najaf Daryabandari]] – writer  
* [[Parviz Dehdari]] – football coach 
* [[Firoozeh Dumas]] – writer  
* [[Bizhan Emkanian]] – actor  
* [[Hamid Farrokhnezhad]] – actor  
* [[Bahman Golbarnezhad]] – paralympic racing cyclist
* [[Farhad Hasanzadeh]] – poet  
* [[Mehdi Hasheminasab]] – football player 
* [[Hossein Kanaanizadegan]] – football player 
* [[Abdolhassan Kazemi]] – retired football player
* [[Mojahed Khaziravi]] – football player 
* [[Martik]] – singer  
* [[Gholam Hossein Mazloumi]] – football coach
* [[Parviz Mazloumi]] – football coach 
* [[Manouchehr Mohammadi]] – film producer 
* [[Amir Naderi]] – director  
* [[Hossein Nassim]] – water polo coach
* [[Abie Nathan]] – peace activist 
* [[Zoya Pirzad]] – writer  
* [[Hamid Rashidi]] – lawyer  
* [[Nasser Taghvai]] – director  
* [[Hossein Vafaei]] – snooker player 
* [[Cyma Zarghami]] – TV producer 
{{Div col end}}

==Transportation==
===By plane===
The city is served by [[Abadan-Ayatollah Jami International Airport]] with flights on various commercial airlines.

===By train===
The nearest railway station is in [[Khorramshahr]], about 10&nbsp;km north of Abadan. Daytime trains from [[Ahvaz]] as well as overnight trains from Tehran and Mashhad are available.

== Sport ==
[[Sanat Naft Abadan F.C.]], is a football club currently in the Iranian Football Premier League. [[Takhti Stadium (Abadan)|Takhti Stadium]], the main stadium is the city and the team.

==Sister cities==
* [[Karamay]], [[China]]
* [[Borujerd]], [[Iran]]
* [[Taormina]], [[Sicily]]

==See also==
{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Wikivoyage inline|Abadan}}

<!-- Please respect alphabetical order. -->
* [[Abadan Crisis]]
* [[Abadan crisis timeline]]
* [[Battle of Abadan]]
* [[Bechari House]]
* [[Bostan, Iran|Bostan]]
* [[Iran–Iraq War]]
* [[Khorramshahr]]
* [[Shadegan]]
* [[Susangerd]]
* [[Tidal irrigation]] at Abadan island, Iran

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== Explanatory notes ==
{{Reflist | group = nb }}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== General and cited references ==
* {{cite book | last = Abrahamian | first = Ervand |author-link=Ervand Abrahamian | title = A History of Modern Iran | year = 2008 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge, UK | isbn = 978-0-521-52891-7 }}
* {{cite book | last = Axworthy | first = Michael |author-link=Michael Axworthy | title = Revolutionary Iran: A History of the Islamic Republic | year = 2013 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford, UK | isbn = 978-0-19-932226-8 }}
* {{cite book | last = Burt | first = Christopher C. | title = Extreme Weather: A Guide & Record Book | publisher = W. W. Norton & Company | isbn = 978-0-393-32658-1 | year = 2004 | location = New York, NY | url = https://archive.org/details/extremeweathergu00burt_0 }}
* {{cite book | last = Chelkowski | first = Peter | editor1-last = Avery | editor1-first = Peter | editor2-last = Hambly | editor2-first = Gavin | editor3-last = Melville | editor3-first = Charles | chapter = 21: Popular Entertainment, Media and Social Change in Twentieth-century Iran | title = The Cambridge History of Iran | volume = 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic | isbn = 978-0-521-20095-0 | year = 1991 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge, UK }}
* {{cite book | last = Daniel | first = Elton L. | title = The History of Iran | year = 2001 | publisher = Greenwood Press | location = Westport, CT | isbn = 978-0-313-30731-7 | issn = 1096-2905 | lccn = 00-033132 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia|last1=Elwell-Sutton |first1=L. P. |last2=de Planhol |first2=X. |editor-last=Yarshater |editor-first=Ehsan |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=Ābādān |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abadan |access-date=6 August 2014 |year=1982 |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |volume=I: Āb-Abd-al-HamĪd |isbn=978-0710090904 |pages=51–57 |archive-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516232638/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abadan |url-status=live  }}
* {{cite book | last = Ferrier | first = Ronald | editor1-last = Avery | editor1-first = Peter | editor2-last = Hambly | editor2-first = Gavin | editor3-last = Melville | editor3-first = Charles | chapter = 18: The Iranian Oil Industry | title = The Cambridge History of Iran | volume = 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic | isbn = 978-0-521-20095-0 | year = 1991 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge, UK }}
* {{cite book | last = Greaves | first = Rose | editor1-last = Avery | editor1-first = Peter | editor2-last = Hambly | editor2-first = Gavin | editor3-last = Melville | editor3-first = Charles | chapter = 11: Iranian Relations with Britain and British India, 1798–1921 | title = The Cambridge History of Iran | volume = 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic | isbn = 978-0-521-20095-0 | year = 1991 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge, UK }}
* {{cite journal|title=Iran's Global Petroleumscape: The Role of Oil in Shaping Khuzestan and Tehran |first1=Carola |last1=Hein |first2=Mohamad |last2=Sedighi |year=2016 |journal=Architectural Theory Review |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=349–374 |doi=10.1080/13264826.2018.1379110 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Hoeschel | first1 = David | last2 = Heracleensis | first2 = Marcianus | last3 = von Karyanda | first3 = Skylax | last4 = Messenius | first4 = Dicaearchus | last5 = Characenus | first5 = Isidorus | title = Geographica Marciani Heracleotae, Scylacis caryandensis, artemidoriephesii, dicaearchi messenii, isidori characeni | location = Augsburg | year = 1600 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor-last = Hoiberg | editor-first = Dale H. | encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica| title = Ābādān | edition = 15th | year = 2010 | publisher =  Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. | volume = 1: A-ak Bayes | location = Chicago, Illinois | isbn = 978-0-85229-961-6 | pages = 6–7 | lccn = 2002113989 }}
* {{cite book | last = Issawi | first = Charles | editor1-last = Avery | editor1-first = Peter | editor2-last = Hambly | editor2-first = Gavin | editor3-last = Melville | editor3-first = Charles | chapter = 16: European Economic Penetration, 1872–1921 | title = The Cambridge History of Iran | volume = 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic | isbn = 978-0-521-20095-0 | year = 1991 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge, UK }}
* {{cite book | last = Keddie | first = Nikki R. | title = Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution | year = 2003 | publisher = Yale University Press | location = New Haven, CT | isbn = 978-0-300-09856-3 | edition = Revised }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor-last = Lagassé | editor-first = Paul | encyclopedia = The Columbia Encyclopedia | edition = 6th | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-0-7876-5015-5 | publisher = Columbia University Press | location = New York, NY | lccn = 00-027927 | title = Abadan | url = https://archive.org/details/columbiaencyclop00laga }}
* {{cite book | last = MacPherson | first = Angus | editor-last = Metz | editor-first = Helen Chapin | editor-link=Helen Chapin Metz | title = Iran: A Country Study | series = Area Handbook Series | year = 1989 | edition = 4th | chapter = 3: The Economy | publisher = Government Printing Office | location = Washington, DC }}
* {{cite web|last=Mather |first=Yassamine |title=Workers organise against regime |url=http://weeklyworker.co.uk/worker/794/workers-organise-against-regime/ |work=Weekly Worker |issue=794 |date=19 November 2009 |access-date=6 August 2014 |archive-date=18 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318133151/http://weeklyworker.co.uk/worker/794/workers-organise-against-regime/ |url-status=live  }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | last1 = Melamid | first1 = Alexander | editor-last = Johnston | editor-first = Bernard | encyclopedia = Collier's Encyclopedia | title = Abadan | edition = 1st | year = 1997 | publisher = P. F. Collier | volume = I: A to Ameland | location = New York, NY }}
* {{Cite FTP | author = NOAA | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/IR/40831.TXT  | title = Abadan Climate Normals 1961–1990 | access-date = 6 August 2014 | server = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | year = 2013 }}
* {{cite book| last = Satrapi | first = Marjane | title = Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood | year = 2003 | publisher = Pantheon Books | location = New York, NY | isbn = 978-0-375-71457-3 }}
* {{cite web | last = Vadahti | first = M. | url = http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/1.xls | format = Excel | year = 2006 | title = سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 (بدون احتساب خانوارهاي موسسه اي و غيرساكن) | trans-title = Census of Population and Housing 1385 (excluding institutional households and nomads) | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111114233307/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/06.xls | archive-date = 14 November 2011 | access-date = 24 February 2024 }}
* {{cite book | last = Wilber | first = Donald N. | title = Iran: Past and Present: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic | edition = 9th | publisher = Princeton University Press | location = Princeton, NJ | isbn = 978-0-691-00025-1 | orig-year = 1948 | year = 1984 }}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book | last = Axworthy | first = Michael | title = A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind | year = 2008 | publisher = Basic Books | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-465-00888-9 }}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305080725/http://www.abadanastro.ir/en.html Amateur Astronomers Association of Abadan]
* [http://www.abadan-ref.ir/ Abadan Oil Refinery] – Home page (Persian only)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050427111036/http://www.ostan-kz.ir/en/albumdetail_aen_i_1.html Abadan Photo Gallery from the Khuzestan Governorship]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110708033341/http://digitalspirit.blogspot.com/2007/10/in-south-east-of-iran-in-khuzistan.html Abadan's travel review]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090701080543/http://www.put.ac.ir/WebUI/uniform/Default.aspx Petroleum University of Technology] (Abadan)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190703072510/http://abadan.ning.com/ Abadan Social Network]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170710134034/http://www.arvanda.net/ Abadan Network]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170928220109/http://vista-cafe.com/ VISTA Internet Cafe]

{{Abadan County|state=collapsed}}

{{Khuzestan Province|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Abadan, Iran| ]]
[[Category:Arab settlements in Khuzestan province]]
[[Category:Cities in Khuzestan province]]
[[Category:Populated places in Abadan County]]
[[Category:Shatt al-Arab basin]]