Editing Abdullah Ibrahim

{{short description|South African pianist and composer (born 1934)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use South African English|date=August 2012}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name            = Abdullah Ibrahim
| image           = Abdullah Ibrahim 06N4688.jpg
| caption         = Ibrahim performing at the 2011 [[Moers Festival]]
| birth_name      = Adolph Johannes Brand
| alias           = Dollar Brand
| birth_date      = {{birth date and age|1934|10|9|df=y}}
| birth_place     = [[Cape Town]], South Africa
| genre           = [[South African jazz]], [[bebop]], [[post-bop]], [[Folk music|folk]]
| occupation      = Musician, composer, bandleader
| instrument      = Piano, saxophone, cello
| years_active    = 1955–present
| label           =
| associated_acts = [[Sathima Bea Benjamin]], [[Jean Grae]]
| website         = [https://abdullahibrahim.co.za abdullahibrahim.co.za]
}}
'''Abdullah Ibrahim''' (born '''Adolph Johannes Brand''' on 9 October 1934), previously known as '''Dollar Brand''', is a South African pianist and composer. His music reflects many of the musical influences of his childhood in the multicultural port areas of [[Cape Town]], ranging from traditional African songs to the [[gospel music|gospel]] of the [[African Methodist Episcopal Church|AME Church]] and [[Raga]]s, to more modern [[jazz]] and other Western styles. Ibrahim is considered the leading figure in the subgenre of [[Cape jazz]]. Within jazz, his music particularly reflects the influence of [[Thelonious Monk]] and [[Duke Ellington]]. He is known especially for "[[Mannenberg]]", a jazz piece that became a notable [[Music in the movement against apartheid|anti-apartheid anthem]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Schumann|first=Anne|title=The Beat that Beat Apartheid: The Role of Music in the Resistance against Apartheid in South Africa|journal=Wiener Zeitschrift für kritische Afrikastudien|volume=14|issue=8|year=2008|url=https://stichproben.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/p_stichproben/Artikel/Nummer14/Nr14_Schumann.pdf|access-date=24 October 2016|pages=26–30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809221217/http://stichproben.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/p_stichproben/Artikel/Nummer14/Nr14_Schumann.pdf|archive-date=9 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

During the [[apartheid]] era in the 1960s, Ibrahim moved to New York City and, apart from a brief return to South Africa in the 1970s, remained in exile until the early 1990s. Over the decades, he has toured the world extensively, appearing at major venues either as a solo artist or playing with other renowned musicians, including [[Max Roach]], [[Carlos Ward]] and [[Randy Weston]], as well as collaborating with classical orchestras in Europe.<ref name=Biography />

With his wife, the jazz singer [[Sathima Bea Benjamin]], Ibrahim is father to two children, including the New York underground rapper [[Jean Grae]].

==Biography==
Ibrahim was born in [[Cape Town]], South Africa, on 9 October 1934, and was baptized Adolph Johannes Brand. He attended [[Trafalgar High School (Cape Town)|Trafalgar High School]] in Cape Town's [[District Six]], and began piano lessons at the age of seven, making his professional debut at 15.<ref name=Biography>[http://abdullahibrahim.co.za/biography/ "Biography"], Abdullah Ibrahim official website. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710122431/http://abdullahibrahim.co.za/biography/ |date=10 July 2017 }}.</ref> He is of [[mixed-race]] heritage, making him a [[Coloureds|Coloured person]] according to the apartheid system.{{sfn|Mason|2007|pp=26–30}} His mother played piano in a church, the musical style of which would remain an influence on him; in addition, he learned to play several genres of music during his youth in Cape Town, including ''[[marabi]]'', ''[[mbaqanga]]'', and American jazz. He became well known in jazz circles in Cape Town and [[Johannesburg]].{{sfn|Mason|2007|pp=26–28}}

In 1959 and 1960, Ibrahim played with [[the Jazz Epistles]] group in [[Sophiatown]], alongside saxophonists [[Kippie Moeketsi]] and [[Mackay Davashe]], trumpeter [[Hugh Masekela]], trombonist [[Jonas Gwangwa]] (who were all in the orchestra of the musical ''[[King Kong (1959 musical)|King Kong]]'' that opened in Johannesburg in February 1959),<ref name="Merz 2016">{{cite journal | last=Merz | first=Christopher Linn | title=Tracing the Development of the South African Alto Saxophone Style | journal=The World of Music | volume=5 | issue=2 | year=2016 | issn=0043-8774 | jstor=44651147 | pages=31–46 }}</ref><ref>[http://soulsafari.wordpress.com/2009/08/10/king-kong-the-first-all-african-jazz-opera-1959/ "King Kong, the first All African Jazz Opera"], Soul Safari, 10 August 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328113531/http://soulsafari.wordpress.com/2009/08/10/king-kong-the-first-all-african-jazz-opera-1959/ |date=28 March 2012 }}.</ref><ref>In the memoir [https://books.google.com/books?id=oAotDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT161 ''King Kong - Our Knot of Time and Music: A personal memoir of South Africa's legendary musical''], by lyricist Pat Williams (London: Portobello Books, 2017), Ibrahim is quoted as saying about the show: "In spite of what everyone says, I had nothing to do with it."</ref> bassist Johnny Gertze and drummer [[Makaya Ntshoko]]; in January 1960, the six musicians went into the [[Gallo Record Company|Gallo]] studio and recorded the first full-length jazz LP by Black South African musicians, ''Jazz Epistle Verse One'',<ref name=Biography /><ref name=carr>[[Ian Carr|Carr, Ian]], [[Digby Fairweather]] and [[Brian Priestley]] (3rd edn, 2004). ''The Rough Guide to Jazz'', London: Rough Guides Ltd, pp. 385–87. {{ISBN|1-84353-256-5}}.</ref><ref>Odidi, Billie, [http://www.africareview.com/arts-and-culture/979194-1277230-77bnjmz/index.html "The South African with a brilliant jazz touch"], ''Africa Review'', 22 November 2011. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807194246/http://www.africareview.com/arts-and-culture/979194-1277230-77bnjmz/index.html |date=7 August 2017 }}.</ref> with 500 copies being produced.<ref name=VV>Mitter, Siddhartha, [https://www.villagevoice.com/2017/04/26/never-mind-the-bollocks-heres-the-jazz-epistles/ "Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Jazz Epistles"], ''[[The Village Voice]]'', 26 April 2017. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804173441/https://www.villagevoice.com/2017/04/26/never-mind-the-bollocks-heres-the-jazz-epistles/ |date=4 August 2017 }}.</ref> Although the group avoided explicitly political activity, the apartheid government was suspicious of it and other jazz groups, and targeted them heavily during the increase in state repression following the [[Sharpeville massacre]] in March 1960, and eventually, the Jazz Epistles broke up.{{sfn|Mason|2007|pp=27–29}}

==Early international career==
Ibrahim moved to Europe in 1962. In February 1963, his wife-to-be, [[Sathima Bea Benjamin]] (they married in 1965), convinced [[Duke Ellington]], who was in [[Zürich]], Switzerland, on a European tour, to come to hear Ibrahim perform as "The Dollar Brand Trio" in Zurich's "Africana Club".<ref name=Biography /> After the show, Ellington helped set up a recording session with [[Reprise Records]]: ''Duke Ellington presents The Dollar Brand Trio''.<ref name=carr/> A second recording of the trio (also with Ellington and [[Billy Strayhorn]] on piano) performing with Sathima as vocalist was recorded, but remained unreleased until 1996 (''A Morning in Paris'', under Benjamin's name). The Dollar Brand Trio (with Johnny Gertze on bass and [[Makaya Ntshoko]] on drums) subsequently played at many European festivals, as well as on radio and television.

Ibrahim and Benjamin moved to New York in 1965<ref name=Joburg /> and that year he played at the [[Newport Jazz Festival]], followed by a first tour through the US; in 1966 Ibrahim substituted for Duke Ellington on five dates, leading the Duke Ellington Orchestra.<ref>[http://www.music.org.za/artist.asp?id=83 "Ibrahim, Abdullah (Dollar Brand) (South Africa)"], music.org.za. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015204229/http://www.music.org.za/artist.asp?id=83 |date=15 October 2014 }}.</ref> In 1967, a [[Rockefeller Foundation]] grant enabled him to study at the [[Juilliard School of Music]] in New York.<ref name=Biography /> While in the US he interacted with many progressive musicians, among them [[Don Cherry (trumpeter)|Don Cherry]], [[Ornette Coleman]], [[John Coltrane]], [[Pharoah Sanders]], [[Cecil Taylor]] and [[Archie Shepp]].<ref name=Biography /> As the [[Black Power movement]] developed in the 1960s and 1970s, it influenced a number of Ibrahim's friends and collaborators, who began to see their music as a form of cultural nationalism. Ibrahim in turn began to incorporate African elements into his jazz.{{sfn|Mason|2007|pp=29–30}}

==Return to South Africa==
In 1968, Ibrahim briefly returned to Cape Town, where he converted to [[Islam]] that year (with the resultant change of name from Dollar Brand to Abdullah Ibrahim)<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://downbeat.com/news/detail/abdullah-ibrahim-focus-the-balance|title=Abdullah Ibrahim: A Focus on Spirituality|first= Dan|last=Ouellette|date=9 September 2019|magazine=[[DownBeat]]}}</ref> and in 1970 he made a pilgrimage to [[Mecca]].<ref name=Joburg />

He met [[Rashid Vally]] at the latter's Kohinoor record shop in Johannesburg in the early 1970s,{{sfn|Mason|2007|p=33}} and Vally produced two of Ibrahim's albums in the following years. The pair produced a third album in 1974, titled ''Underground in Africa'', in which Ibrahim abandoned his financially unsuccessful folk-infused jazz of the previous albums. Instead, the new album was a fusion of jazz, [[rock music]], and South Africa popular music, and sold well.{{sfn|Mason|2007|pp=32–35}} While recording ''Underground'', Ibrahim collaborated with [[Oswietie]], a local band of which [[Robbie Jansen]] and [[Basil Coetzee]] were saxophonists, and who played a large role in creating the album's fusion style. After the success of ''Underground'', Ibrahim asked Coetzee to bring together a supporting band for his next recording: the group Coetzee put together included Jansen, as well as others who had not worked on ''Underground''.{{sfn|Mason|2007|pp=34–35}} The composition "[[Mannenberg]]" was recorded in June 1974 during one of Ibrahim's visits back to South Africa, in a studio in Cape Town, and was produced by Rashid Vally.<ref>{{cite news|title=Farewell to a musical legend|work=Sunday Tribune|date=15 March 1998}}</ref> The track was recorded in one take during a period of collective improvisation.{{sfn|Mason|2007|p=35}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.carnegiehall.org/BlogPost.aspx?id=4295009071|title=UBUNTU: Mannenberg|website=Carnegie Hall Blog|date=20 September 2014|access-date=30 June 2018}}</ref> The piece was inspired by the [[Cape Flats]] township where many of those forcibly removed from District Six were sent.<ref name=Jaggi>[[Maya Jaggi|Jaggi, Maya]], [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2001/dec/08/jazz "The sound of freedom"], ''The Guardian'', 8 December 2001. Retrieved 13 August 2014. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127024941/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2001/dec/08/jazz |date=27 November 2016 }}.</ref>

The recordings made with Jansen and Coetzee, including "Mannenberg" (renamed "Capetown Fringe" in its US release), "Black Lightning"; "African Herbs"; and "Soweto Is Where It Is At" – sounds that mirrored and spoke of the defiance in the streets and townships of South Africa – gave impetus to the genre of music known as "[[Cape Jazz]]."<ref name=Jaggi/>{{sfn|Mason|2007|p=25}} "Mannenberg" came to be considered "the unofficial national anthem" of South Africa, and the theme tune of the anti-apartheid movement.<ref>[http://links.org.au/node/450 "Musical Interlude: Abdullah Ibrahim's Mannenberg (Is Where It's Happening)"], ''Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102062826/http://links.org.au/node/450 |date=2 January 2013 }}.</ref><ref>Schiendorfer, Andreas, [https://www.credit-suisse.com/hk/en/about-us/sponsorship/further-commitments/news.article.html/article/pwp/news-and-expertise/2010/02/en/abdullah-ibrahim-musician-with-political-impact.html "Abdullah Ibrahim – Musician with Political Impact"], [[Credit Suisse]], 23 February 2010. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014200940/https://www.credit-suisse.com/hk/en/about-us/sponsorship/further-commitments/news.article.html/article/pwp/news-and-expertise/2010/02/en/abdullah-ibrahim-musician-with-political-impact.html |date=14 October 2014 }}.</ref><ref>Hewett, Ivam, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/interviews/abdullah-ibrahim-interview-dont-like-word-jazz/ "Abdullah Ibrahim interview: 'I don't like the word jazz'"], ''The Telegraph'', 14 November 2017.</ref> Saxophonist and flautist [[Carlos Ward]] was Ibrahim's sideman in duets during the early 1980s. A few years after the release of "Mannenberg" (released in 1974), South African police fired upon protesting children during the [[Soweto Uprising]] that began on 16 June 1976; this event led Ibrahim and Benjamin to publicly express support for the [[African National Congress]], which was still banned at the time.{{sfn|Muller|2004|p=107}}

Soon returning to the US and settling in New York, Ibrahim and Sathima founded the record company Ekapa (meaning "Cape Town") in 1981.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abdullahibrahim.co.za/biography/ |title=Abdullah Ibrahim Biography|website=Abdullah Ibrahim|access-date=2 May 2022}}</ref>

Starting in 1983, Ibrahim led a group called Ekaya (which translates as "home"), as well as various trios, occasional big bands and other special projects.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/jazz/profiles/abdullah_ibrahim.shtml "Abdullah Ibrahim"], 100 Jazz profiles, [[BBC Radio 3]]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420151456/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/jazz/profiles/abdullah_ibrahim.shtml |date=20 April 2013 }}.</ref>

==Film and television work==
Ibrahim has written the soundtracks for a number of films, including ''[[Chocolat (1988 film)|Chocolat]]'' (1988), and ''[[No Fear, No Die]]'' (1990).<ref name=carr/>

On 25 November 1989, he made an extended appearance in the British [[Channel 4]] television discussion series ''[[After Dark (TV series)|After Dark]]'' alongside [[Zoë Wicomb]], [[Donald Woods]], [[Shula Marks]] and others. Ibrahim also took part in the 2002 documentary ''[[Amandla!: A Revolution in Four-Part Harmony]]'', where he and others recalled the days of apartheid; the film's subtitle derives from observations made by Ibrahim.<ref>Scott, A. O., [https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D06E2D61F3AF93AA25751C0A9659C8B63&mcubz=3 "FILM REVIEW; The Sounds and Rhythms That Helped Bring Down Apartheid"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 19 February 2003. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125641/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D06E2D61F3AF93AA25751C0A9659C8B63&mcubz=3 |date=21 August 2017 }}.</ref>
 
Ibrahim is the subject of the documentaries ''[[A Brother with Perfect Timing]]'' (1987) and ''A Struggle for Love'' (2005, directed by [[Ciro Cappellari]]).

==Post-apartheid==
Ibrahim has worked as a solo performer, typically in unbroken concerts that echo the unstoppable impetus of the old [[marabi]] performers, classical impressionists and snatches of his musical idols – [[Duke Ellington]], [[Thelonious Monk]] and [[Fats Waller]]. He also performs frequently with trios and quartets and larger orchestral units. Since his return to South Africa in the early 1990s, he has been feted with symphony orchestra performances, one of which was in honour of [[Nelson Mandela]]'s 1994 inauguration as president.<ref name=Jaggi /> Mandela reportedly referred to him as "our Mozart".<ref>Scheinin, Richard, [https://sfjazz.org/onthecorner/abdullah-ibrahim-life-song "Abdullah Ibrahim: A Life in Song"], SF Jazz, 1 April 2016. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806180826/https://sfjazz.org/onthecorner/abdullah-ibrahim-life-song |date=6 August 2017 }}.</ref>

In 1997, Ibrahim collaborated on a tour with drummer [[Max Roach]], and the following year undertook a world tour with the [[Munich Radio Orchestra|Munich Radio Philharmonic Orchestra]].<ref name=AllMusic>Harris, Craig, [http://www.allmusic.com/artist/abdullah-ibrahim-mn0000923935/biography "Abdullah Ibrahim"], AllMusic. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919063456/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/abdullah-ibrahim-mn0000923935/biography |date=19 September 2014 }}.</ref>

In 1999, he founded the "M7" academy for South African musicians in Cape Town<ref name=Jaggi /> and was the initiator of the Cape Town Jazz Orchestra, an 18-piece big band launched in September 2006.<ref name=Joburg>[http://www.joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7635:ibrahim-returns-to-joburg&catid=110:arts-and-culture&Itemid=193 "Ibrahim returns to Joburg"], Johannesburg official website, 13 January 2012. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014061826/http://www.joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7635:ibrahim-returns-to-joburg&catid=110:arts-and-culture&Itemid=193 |date=14 October 2014 }}.</ref><ref>[https://www.dac.gov.za/content/launch-cape-town-jazz-orchestra "Launch of the Cape Town Jazz Orchestra"], Department of Arts and Culture, Republic of South Africa, 23 August 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015114609/https://www.dac.gov.za/content/launch-cape-town-jazz-orchestra |date=15 October 2014 }}.</ref><ref>Belcher-Van der Berg, Renée,
 [http://152.111.1.87/argief/berigte/dieburger/2006/09/18/SK/8/fliekNacholibre.html "Kaapstadse Jazzorkes skop belowend af"], ''Die Burger'', 18 September 2006. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014142820/http://152.111.1.87/argief/berigte/dieburger/2006/09/18/SK/8/fliekNacholibre.html |date=14 October 2014 }}.</ref>

Ibrahim continues to perform internationally, mainly in Europe, and with occasional shows in North America.<ref>Lucia, Christine, [https://theconversation.com/abdullah-ibrahim-south-africas-master-pianist-is-going-on-a-world-tour-at-90-225026 "Abdullah Ibrahim: South Africa’s master pianist is going on a world tour at 90"], ''[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]'', 13 March 2024.</ref> Reviewing his 2008 concert at London's [[Barbican Centre]] – a "monumental" show with the [[BBC Big Band]], featuring vocalists [[Ian Shaw (singer)|Ian Shaw]] and [[Cleveland Watkiss]] – [[John Fordham (jazz critic)|John Fordham]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'' referred to "[Ibrahim's] elder-statesman status as the African Duke Ellington and Thelonious Monk combined (and his role as an educator and political campaigner)".<ref>Fordham, John, [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/may/19/jazz "Abdullah Ibrahim"], ''The Guardian'', 19 May 2008. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821212441/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/may/19/jazz |date=21 August 2017 }}.</ref>

In 2016, at Emperors Palace, Johannesburg, Ibrahim and Hugh Masekela performed together for the first time in 60 years, reuniting the Jazz Epistles in commemoration of the 40th anniversary of the historic 16 June 1976 [[Soweto uprising|youth demonstrations]].<ref>Podbrey, Gwen, [http://www.destinyman.com/2016/05/04/hugh-masekela-abdullah-ibrahim-perform-one-stage/ "Hugh Masekela and Abdullah Ibrahim to perform on one stage"], ''Destinyman.com'', 4 May 2016. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821214432/http://www.destinyman.com/2016/05/04/hugh-masekela-abdullah-ibrahim-perform-one-stage/ |date=21 August 2017 }}.</ref><ref>[http://abdullahibrahim.co.za/the-jazz-epistles-tribute-announcedabdullah-ibrahim-ekaya-and-hugh-masekela-a-tribute-to-jazz-epistles/ "Abdullah Ibrahim & Ekaya and Hugh Masekela: A Tribute to Jazz Epistles"], News, Abdullah Ibrahim website, 13 May 2016. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821221248/http://abdullahibrahim.co.za/the-jazz-epistles-tribute-announcedabdullah-ibrahim-ekaya-and-hugh-masekela-a-tribute-to-jazz-epistles/ |date=21 August 2017 }}.</ref><ref>[http://blackmajor.co.za/news/hugh-masekela-abdullah-ibrahim-present-a-tribute-to-the-jazz-epistles-in-jhb/ "Hugh Masekela & Abdullah Ibrahim perform a tribute to the Jazz Epistles in JHB"], ''Black Major'', 15 June 2016. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821213631/http://blackmajor.co.za/news/hugh-masekela-abdullah-ibrahim-present-a-tribute-to-the-jazz-epistles-in-jhb/ |date=21 August 2017 }}.</ref>

Reviewing Ibrahim's July 2023 appearance with bassist Noah Jackson and flautist Cleave Guyton at the Barbican Centre, [[Kevin Le Gendre]] wrote: "Ibrahim's enduring love of the founding fathers of modern jazz is made clear from the outset as the trio starts with rhapsodic versions of two timeless anthems, Ellington's '[[In A Sentimental Mood]]' and Coltrane's '[[Giant Steps (composition)|Giant Steps]]', while later on we are treated to a spirited take on Monk's 'Skippy'. But in the interim it is Ibrahim’s originals that take pride of place, showing how, since the '60s, he has been creating standards of his own that vividly capture the poised dignity of African culture and customs."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jazzwise.com/review/article/abdullah-ibrahim-brings-his-spell-binding-trio-to-barbican|title=Abdullah Ibrahim brings his spell-binding Trio to Barbican|first=Kevin|last=Le Gendre|website=[[Jazzwise]]|date=20 July 2023|access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref>

==Awards==
In 2007, Ibrahim was presented with the South African Music Lifetime Achievement Award, given by the [[Recording Industry of South Africa]], in a ceremony at the [[Sun City Superbowl]].<ref>Molele, Charles, [https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/sunday-times/20070415/281642480728617 "Afro-jazz singer wins big with four awards"], ''Sunday Times'', 15 April 2007. Via Press Reader. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012201429/https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/sunday-times/20070415/281642480728617 |date=12 October 2017 }}.</ref><ref>Valentyn, Christo, [http://www.mambaonline.com/2007/04/16/2007-south-african-music-awards-winners/ "2007 South African Music Awards Winners"], ''Mambaonline'', 16 April 2007. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012201920/http://www.mambaonline.com/2007/04/16/2007-south-african-music-awards-winners/ |date=12 October 2017 }}.</ref>

In 2009, for his solo piano album ''[[Senzo]]'' he received the "Best Male Artist" award at the 15th Annual MTN [[South African Music Awards]].<ref>[https://www.thesouthafrican.com/and-the-winners-are%E2%80%A6/ "And the winners are…"], ''The South African'', 11 May 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821215407/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/and-the-winners-are%E2%80%A6/ |date=21 August 2017 }}.</ref><ref>Coetzer, Diane,
 [http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/global/1271021/lira-wins-big-at-south-african-music-awards "Lira Wins Big At South African Music Awards"], ''[[Billboard magazine|Billboard]]'', 5 May 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616112451/http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/global/1271021/lira-wins-big-at-south-african-music-awards |date=16 June 2015 }}.</ref>

In 2009, the [[University of the Witwatersrand]], Johannesburg, conferred on Ibrahim an Honorary Doctorate of Music.<ref>[http://www.artlink.co.za/news_article.htm?contentID=7576 "Wits honours Abdullah Ibrahim"], ''Artslink.co.za'', 6 May 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821214342/http://www.artlink.co.za/news_article.htm?contentID=7576 |date=21 August 2017 }}.</ref> Also in 2009, he was awarded South Africa's national honour the [[Order of Ikhamanga]] (Silver), "For his excellent contribution to the arts, putting South Africa on the international map and his fight against racism and apartheid."<ref>[http://www.sahistory.org.za/ahmed-timol-posthumous/national-orders-recipients-2009 "National Orders Recipients 2009"], South African History Online. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217105819/http://www.sahistory.org.za/ahmed-timol-posthumous/national-orders-recipients-2009 |date=17 December 2015 }}.</ref>

In July 2017, Ibrahim was honoured with the German Jazz Trophy.<ref>[http://abdullahibrahim.co.za/german-jazz-trophy-abdullah-ibrahim/ "German Jazz Trophy"], News, Abdullah Ibrahim website, 17 May 2017. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821220755/http://abdullahibrahim.co.za/german-jazz-trophy-abdullah-ibrahim/ |date=21 August 2017 }}.</ref><ref>[https://www.outletcity.com/en/metzingen/news/jazzopen/ "Be Jazz Be open"], Outletcity Meets Jazzopen, July 2017. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821215913/https://www.outletcity.com/en/metzingen/news/jazzopen/ |date=21 August 2017 }}.</ref>

In July 2018, the [[National Endowment for the Arts]] (NEA) announced Abdullah Ibrahim as one of four recipients of the [[NEA Jazz Masters Fellowships]], to be celebrated in a concert on 15 April 2019 at the [[John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts]] in Washington, DC. Awarded in recognition of lifetime achievement, the honor is bestowed on individuals who have made significant contributions to the art form, the other 2019 recipients being [[Bob Dorough]], [[Maria Schneider (musician)|Maria Schneider]], and [[Stanley Crouch]].<ref>[https://www.arts.gov/news/2018/national-endowment-arts-announces-newest-recipients-nation%E2%80%99s-highest-honor-jazz "National Endowment for the Arts Announces Newest Recipients of Nation's Highest Honor in Jazz"], National Endowment for the Arts, News, 11 July 2018. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523012447/https://www.arts.gov/news/2018/national-endowment-arts-announces-newest-recipients-nation%E2%80%99s-highest-honor-jazz |date=23 May 2020 }}.</ref><ref>Chinen, Nate, [https://www.npr.org/2018/07/11/627969782/meet-the-neas-2019-jazz-masters-dorough-ibrahim-schneider-and-crouch "Meet The NEA's 2019 Jazz Masters: Dorough, Ibrahim, Schneider And Crouch"], NPR Music, 11 July 2018.</ref>

== Discography ==
An asterisk (*) indicates that the year is that of release.

=== As leader/co-leader ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year recorded
!Title
!Label
!Notes
|-
|1960
|''Jazz Epistle Verse 1''
|Continental
|As [[The Jazz Epistles]]; sextet, with [[Kippie Moeketsi]] (alto sax), [[Jonas Gwangwa]] (trombone), [[Hugh Masekela]] (trumpet), Johnny Gertze (bass), [[Makaya Ntshoko]] (drums)
|-
|1960
|''Dollar Brand Plays Sphere Jazz''
|Continental
|Trio, with Johnny Gertze (bass), Makaya Ntshoko (drums)
|-
|1963
|''Duke Ellington Presents the Dollar Brand Trio''
|Reprise
|Trio, with Johnny Gertze (bass), Makaya Ntshoko (drums)
|-
|1965
|''[[Reflections (Abdullah Ibrahim album)|Reflections]]''
|[[Black Lion Records|Black Lion]]
|Solo piano; also released as ''This Is Dollar Brand''
|-
|1965
|''Round Midnight at the Montmartre''
|[[Black Lion Records|Black Lion]]
|Most tracks trio, with Johnny Gertze (bass), Makaya Ntshoko (drums); two tracks solo piano
|-
|1965
|''The Dream''
|[[Freedom Records|Freedom]]
|Trio
|-
|1965
|''Anatomy of a South African Village''
|[[Black Lion Records|Black Lion]]
|Trio, with Johnny Gertze (bass), Makaya Ntshoko (drums)
|-
|1968
|''The Dream''
|Jazz Music Yesterday
|Trio, with Johnny Gertze (bass), Makaya Ntshoko (drums)
|-
|1968
|''Hamba Khale!''
|Togetherness
|With [[Gato Barbieri]]; reissued as ''Confluence''
|-
|1969
|''[[African Sketchbook]]''
|[[Enja Records|Enja]]
|Most tracks solo piano; one track solo flute
|-
|1969
|''[[African Piano]]''{{refn|group=note|An album entitled ''African Piano'' was released by [[Sackville Records|Sackville]]; it is a 1973 recording and contains two tracks from ''Sangoma'' and one from ''African Portraits''.<ref name="AM">{{cite web |last=Yanow |first=Scott |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/ancient-africa-mw0000174922 |title=Abdullah Ibrahim – Ancient Africa |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=2 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912013655/http://www.allmusic.com/album/ancient-africa-mw0000174922 |archive-date=12 September 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>}}
|[[JAPO Records|JAPO]]
|Solo piano; in concert; released 1973
|-
|1970
|''African Sun''
|Spectator
|
|-
|1971
|''Peace''
|
|
|-
|1971
|''Dollar Brand Trio with Kippie Moketsi''
|
|
|-
|1972
|''[[Ancient Africa (album)|Ancient Africa]]''
|[[JAPO Records|JAPO]]
|Mostly solo piano; one part solo flute; in concert; released 1974
|-
|1973
|''[[African Portraits]]''
|[[Sackville Records|Sackville]]
|Solo piano
|-
|1973
|''[[Sangoma (Abdullah Ibrahim album)|Sangoma]]''
|[[Sackville Records|Sackville]]
|Solo piano
|-
|1973
|''[[Memories (Abdullah Ibrahim album)|Memories]]''
|[[Philips Records|Philips]]
|Solo piano
|-
|1973
|''African Space Program''
|[[Enja Records|Enja]]
|With [[Hamiet Bluiett]] (baritone sax), [[Roland Alexander]] (tenor sax, harmonica), [[John Stubblefield]] (tenor sax), [[Sonny Fortune]] and [[Carlos Ward]] (alto sax, flute), [[Cecil Bridgewater]], [[Enrico Rava]] and [[Charles Sullivan (musician)|Charles Sullivan]] (trumpet), Kiani Zawadi (trombone), [[Cecil McBee]] (bass), [[Roy Brooks]] (percussion)
|-
|1973
|''[[Ode to Duke Ellington]]''
|[[West Wind Records|West Wind]]
|Solo piano
|-
|1973
|''[[Good News from Africa]]''
|[[Enja Records|Enja]]
|Duo, with [[Johnny Dyani]] (bass, bells)
|-
|1973
|''Boswell Concert 1973''
|Colomba
|With [[Bea Benjamin]]
|-
|1974
|''African Breeze''
|[[East Wind Records|East Wind]]
|Solo piano
|-
|1974
|''Underground in Africa''
|
|
|-
|1974
|''Mannenberg – "Is Where It's Happening"''
|The Sun
|Quintet with [[Basil Coetzee]] (tenor sax), [[Robbie Jansen]] (alto sax and flute), Paul Michaels (bass), Monty Weber (drums) - Reissued as ''Capetown Fringe'' by [[Chiaroscuro Records|Chiaroscuro]]
|-
|1975
|''African Herbs''
|The Sun
|one track trio, other two septet  - Reissued as ''Soweto'' By [[Chiaroscuro Records|Chiaroscuro]]
|-
|1976
|''[[Banyana – Children of Africa]]''
|[[Enja Records|Enja]]
|Trio with Cecil McBee (bass) & [[Roy Brooks]] (drums); Ibrahim plays soprano sax and sings on one track
|-
|1976
|''Black Lightning''
|[[Chiaroscuro Records|Chiaroscuro]]
|With Basil Mannenberg Coetzee (tenor sax), others
|-
|1977
|''[[The Journey (Abdullah Ibrahim album)|The Journey]]''
|[[Chiaroscuro Records|Chiaroscuro]]
|With [[Don Cherry (trumpeter)|Don Cherry]] (trumpet), Carlos Ward (alto sax), [[Talib Rhynie]] (alto sax, oboe), Hamiet Blueitt (baritone sax, clarinet), Johnny Dyani (bass), Ed Blackwell and Roy Brooks (drums), [[John Betsch]] and Claude Jones (percussion)
|-
|1977
|''Streams of Consciousness''
|Baystate
|Duo, with [[Max Roach]] (drums)
|-
|1977
|''African Rhythm''
|
|
|-
|1978
|''Anthem for the New Nations''
|[[Denon Records|Denon]]
|Solo piano
|-
|1978
|''[[Duet (Archie Shepp and Dollar Brand album)|Duet]]''
|[[Denon Records|Denon]]
|Duo, with [[Archie Shepp]] (tenor sax, alto sax, soprano sax)
|-
|1978
|''[[Autobiography (Abdullah Ibrahim album)|Autobiography]]''
|Plainisphare
|Solo piano; in concert
|-
|1978
|''Nisa''
|[[African Violets]]
|
|-
|1979
|''[[Echoes from Africa]]''
|[[Enja Records|Enja]]
|Duo, with Johnny Dyani (bass)
|-
|1979
|''African Marketplace''
|Elektra
|With 12-piece band
|-
|1979
|''Africa – Tears and Laughter''
|[[Enja Records|Enja]]
|Quartet, with [[Talib Qadr]] (alto sax, soprano sax), Greg Brown (bass), John Betsch (drums); Ibrahim is also on vocals and soprano sax
|-
|1980
|''Dollar Brand at Montreux''
|[[Enja Records|Enja]]
|Quintet, with Carlos Ward (alto sax, flute), Craig Harris (trombone), Alonzo Gardener (electric bass), André Strobert (drums); in concert
|-
|1980
|''Matsidiso''
|Pläne
|Solo piano; in concert
|-
|1980
|''South Africa Sunshine''
|Pläne
|Solo piano; Ibrahim adds vocals on some tracks; in concert
|-
|1981
|''Duke's Memories''
|Black & Blue
|Quartet, with Carlos Ward (alto sax, flute), Rachim Ausur Sahu (bass), Andre Strobert (drums)
|-
|1982
|''[[African Dawn]]''
|[[Enja Records|Enja]]
|Solo piano
|-
|1982
|''[[Jazzbühne Berlin '82]]''
|Repertoire
|Solo piano; in concert
|-
|1983
|''Ekaya''
|[[Ekapa]]
|Septet, with Charles Davis (baritone sax), Ricky Ford (tenor sax), Carlos Ward (alto sax), Dick Griffin (trombone), Cecil McBee (bass), Ben Riley (drums)
|-
|1983
|''Zimbabwe''
|[[Enja Records|Enja]]
|Quartet, with Carlos Ward (alto sax, flute), Essiet Okun Essiet (bass), Don Mumford (drums); Ibrahim also plays soprano sax
|-
|1985
|''[[Water from an Ancient Well]]''
|Tiptoe
|Septet, with Carlos Ward (alto sax, flute), Dick Griffin (trombone), Ricky Ford (tenor sax), Charles Davis (baritone sax), David Williams (bass), Ben Riley (drums)
|-
|1986
|''South Africa''
|
|With Carlos Ward (alto sax), Essiet Okun Essiet (bass), Don Mumford (drums), Johnny Classens (vocals); in concert
|-
|1988
|''[[Mindif (Abdullah Ibrahim album)|Mindif]]''
|[[Enja Records|Enja]]
|Recorded for the soundtrack to the film ''Chocolat''
|-
|1989
|''[[African River]]''
|[[Enja Records|Enja]]
|With John Stubblefield (tenor sax, flute), [[Horace Alexander Young]] (alto sax, soprano sax, piccolo), Howard Johnson (tuba, baritone sax, trumpet), Robin Eubanks (trombone), Buster Williams (bass), Brian Abrahams (drums)
|-
|1990
|''No Fear, No Die''
|[[Enja]]
|Film soundtrack
|-
|1991
|''Mantra Mode''
|[[Enja]]
|Septet, with Robbie Jansen (alto sax, baritone sax, flute), Basil Coetzee (tenor sax), Johnny Mekoa (trumpet), Errol Dyers (guitar), Spencer Mbadu (bass), Monty Webber (drums)
|-
|1991
|''Desert Flowers''
|
|Solo piano
|-
|1993
|''[[Knysna Blue]]''
|Tiptoe
|Solo piano and other instruments
|-
|1995
|''Yarona''
|Tiptoe
|Trio, with [[Marcus McLaurine]] (bass), George Johnson (drums)
|-
|1997
|''Cape Town Flowers''
|Tiptoe
|Trio, with Marcus McLaurine (bass), George Gray (drums)
|-
|1997
|''Cape Town Revisited''
|Tiptoe/Enja
|Quartet, with Feya Faku (trumpet), Marcus McLaurine (bass), George Gray (drums)
|-
|1997
|''African Suite''
|
|With [[Belden Bullock]] (bass), George Gray (drums), strings
|-
|1998
|''African Symphony''
|[[Enja]]
|With orchestra
|-
|1998
|''Township One More Time''
|
|Septet
|-
|1998
|''Voice of Africa''
|
|
|-
|2000
|''Ekapa Lodumo''
|Tiptoe
|With the NDR Big Band; in concert
|-
|2001
|''African Magic''
|[[Enja Records|Enja]]
|Trio, with Belden Bullock (bass), Sipho Kunene (drums); in concert
|-
|2008
|''[[Senzo]]''
|[[Sunnyside Records|Sunnyside]]
|Solo piano
|-
|2008
|''Bombella''
|[[Sunnyside Records|Sunnyside]]
|With the WDR Big Band; in concert
|-
|2010
|''Sotho Blue''
|[[Sunnyside Records|Sunnyside]]
|With Jason Marshall (baritone sax), Keith Loftis (tenor sax), Cleave Guyton (alto sax, flute), Andrae Murchison (trombone), Belden Bullock (bass), George Gray (drums)
|-
|2012–13
|''Mukashi: Once Upon a Time''
|[[Sunnyside Records|Sunnyside]]
|Quartet, with Cleave Guyton (saxophone, flute, clarinet), Eugen Bazijan and Scott Roller (cello); Ibrahim is also on vocals and flute
|-
|2014
|''[[The Song Is My Story]]''
|Intuition/[[Sunnyside Records|Sunnyside]]
|Most tracks solo piano; two tracks saxophone
|-
|2019
|''The Balance''
|Gearbox
|With Ekaya (Noah Jackson, Alec Dankworth, Will Terrill, Adam Glasser, Cleave Guyton Jr., Lance Bryant, Andrae Murchison, Marshall McDonald)
|-
|2019
|''Dream Time''
|Enja 
|Solo piano; in concert
|-
|2020
|''Solotude''
|Gearbox 
|Solo piano
|-
|2023
|''3''
|Gearbox
|Trio; volume 2 in concert 
|}

===Compilations===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year recorded
!Title
!Label
!Notes
|-
|1973
|''African Piano''
|Sackville
|Solo piano; two tracks from ''Sangoma''; one from ''African Portraits''; this is a different album from the [[African Piano|1969 recording of the same name]]
|-
|1973
|''Fats, Duke and the Monk''
|Sackville
|Solo piano; one track from ''Sangoma''; one track from ''African Portraits''; one track previously unissued
|-
|1983–85
|''The Mountain''
|
|Septets; complies tracks from ''Ekaya'' and ''Water from an Ancient Well''
|-
|1988*
|''[[Blues for a Hip King]]''
|
|
|-
|1973–97
|''A Celebration''
|[[Enja Records|Enja]]
|Released 2005
|-
|
|''Re:Brahim: Abdullah Ibrahim Remixed''
|[[Enja Records|Enja]]
|Remixes of Ibrahim performances; released 2005
|}

=== As sideman ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year recorded
!Leader
!Title
!Label
|-
|1966
|{{sortname|Elvin|Jones}}
|''[[Midnight Walk]]''
|[[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]
|-
|1976
|{{sortname|Sathima Bea|Benjamin}}
|''African Songbird''
|
|-
|1977
|{{sortname|Buddy|Tate}}
|''[[Buddy Tate Meets Dollar Brand]]''
|[[Chiaroscuro Records|Chiaroscuro]]
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
*{{cite journal|last=Mason|first=John Edwin|title='Mannenberg': Notes on the Making of an Icon and Anthem|journal=African Studies Quarterly|volume=9|issue=4|date= Fall 2007|url=http://www.disputeresolutiongermany.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Mannenberg.pdf|access-date=17 February 2017}}
*{{cite book|last=Muller|first=Carol|title=South African Music : A Century of Traditions in Transformation|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2004|isbn=978-1-57607-276-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3IhJmobbZ4wC}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|https://abdullahibrahim.co.za| Abdullah Ibrahim}} – official site
* {{Discogs artist}}
* {{IMDb name|0104456}}
* Maya Jaggi, [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2001/dec/08/jazz "The Guardian Profile: Abdullah Ibrahim – The sound of freedom"], ''The Guardian'', 8 December 2001.
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/jazz/profiles/abdullah_ibrahim.shtml "Abdullah Ibrahim"], 100 Jazz Profiles, [[BBC Radio 3]].
* [http://africasacountry.com/tag/abdullah-ibrahim/ Abdullah Ibrahim page], Africa is a Country.
* Philippa Kennedy, [http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/music/key-note-speaker "Key note speaker"], ''The National'', 16 November 2008
* Diaa Bekheet, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130222060000/http://blogs.voanews.com/music/2012/05/26/abdullah-ibrahim-king-of-jazz-in-south-africa/ "Abdullah Ibrahim, 'King of Jazz' in South Africa"], ''[[Voice of America]]'', 26 May 2012.
* Nusra Khan, [http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/abdullah-ibrahim-and-politics-jazz-south-africa "Abdullah Ibrahim and the Politics of Jazz in South Africa"], ''South African History Online'', 18 December 2014, updated 20 October 2016
* Kevin Whitehead, [https://www.npr.org/2017/05/10/527763776/pianist-abdullah-ibrahim-proves-himself-a-one-man-movement-on-ancient-africa "Pianist Abdullah Ibrahim Proves Himself A One-Man Movement On 'Ancient Africa'"], [[NPR Music]], 10 May 2017

{{Abdullah Ibrahim}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ibrahim, Abdullah}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Musicians from Cape Town]]
[[Category:Cape Coloureds]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam]]
[[Category:Post-bop pianists]]
[[Category:South African folk musicians]]
[[Category:South African jazz pianists]]
[[Category:South African Muslims]]
[[Category:Enja Records artists]]
[[Category:20th-century South African jazz composers]]
[[Category:African jazz (genre) pianists]]
[[Category:21st-century South African pianists]]
[[Category:The Jazz Epistles members]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trafalgar High School (Cape Town)]]
[[Category:Sackville Records artists]]
[[Category:Black & Blue Records artists]]
[[Category:Sunnyside Records artists]]
[[Category:South African expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:NEA Jazz Masters]]