Editing Absolute neutrophil count

{{Short description|Measure of the number of neutrophils present in blood}}
'''Absolute neutrophil count''' (ANC) is a measure of the number of [[neutrophil granulocytes]]<ref name="pmid17709921">{{cite journal |vauthors=Al-Gwaiz LA, Babay HH |title=The diagnostic value of absolute neutrophil count, band count and morphologic changes of neutrophils in predicting bacterial infections |journal=Med Princ Pract |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=344–7 |year=2007 |pmid=17709921 |doi=10.1159/000104806 |url=https://www.karger.com/Article/PDF/000104806|doi-access=free }}</ref> (also known as polymorphonuclear cells, PMN's, polys, granulocytes, segmented neutrophils or segs) present in the [[blood]]. Neutrophils are a type of [[white blood cell]] that fights against [[infection]].

The ANC is almost always a part of a larger [[blood panel]] called the [[complete blood count]]. The ANC is calculated from measurements of the total number of white blood cells (WBC), usually based on the combined percentage of mature neutrophils (sometimes called "segs", or segmented cells) and [[band cell|bands]], which are immature neutrophils.

== Clinical significance ==
The [[reference ranges for blood tests#Neutrophil count|reference range for ANC]] in adults varies by study, but 1500 to 8000 cells per microliter is typical. An ANC less than 1500 cells/μL is defined as neutropenia and increases risk of infection.  [[Neutropenia]] is the condition of a low ANC, and the most common condition where an ANC would be measured is in the setting of chemotherapy for cancer.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

[[Neutrophilia]] indicates an elevated count.  While many clinicians refer to the presence of neutrophilia as a "left shift", this is imprecise, as a left shift indicates the presence of immature neutrophil forms,{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} but neutrophilia refers to the entire mass of neutrophils, both mature and immature.  Neutrophilia can be indicative of:
* Premature release of myeloid cells from the bone marrow.
* A leukemoid reaction.

== Calculation ==
ANC = <math>
(\%neutrophils + \%bands)\times (WBC)\over (100)
</math>

or

ANC = (''Absolute-Polys + Absolute-Bands'')

== Ranges ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Neutropenia Risk Category
!ANC
|-
|Mild
|≥ 1000 to < 1500 cells/μL
|-
|Moderate
|≥ 500 to < 1000 cells/μL
|-
|Severe
|< 500 cells/μL
|-
|}
<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Boxer|first=Laurence A.|date=2012|title=How to approach neutropenia|journal=Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program|volume=2012|pages=174–182|doi=10.1182/asheducation.v2012.1.174.3798251|issn=1520-4383|pmid=23233578|doi-access=free}}</ref>

== Related tests ==
In some cases, a ratio is reported in addition to the sum. This is known as the "I/T ratio".<ref name="pmid19182751">{{cite journal |vauthors=Walliullah SM, Islam MN, Siddika M, Hossain MA, Chowdhury AK |title=Role of Micro-ESR and I/T Ratio in the Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis |journal=Mymensingh Med J |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=56–61 |date=January 2009 |pmid=19182751 }}</ref><ref name="pmid1519980">{{cite journal |vauthors=Russell GA, Smyth A, Cooke RW |title=Receiver operating characteristic curves for comparison of serial neutrophil band forms and C reactive protein in neonates at risk of infection |journal=Arch. Dis. Child. |volume=67 |issue=7 Spec No |pages=808–12 |date=July 1992 |pmid=1519980 |pmc=1590438 |doi= 10.1136/adc.67.7_spec_no.808}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.pediatriconcall.com/calculators/absolute-neutrophil-count-calculator/ Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)]
{{Myeloid blood tests}}

[[Category:Blood tests]]