Editing Addis Ababa University

{{Short description|National university in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia}}
{{Infobox university
 | name                   = Addis Ababa University
 | native_name            = አዲስ አበባ ዩኒቨርሲቲ
 | native_name_lang       = Amharic
 | image                  = File:Parco dell'università di addis abeba, 09.jpg
 | image_size             = 200px
 | caption                = Gate of the university
 | logo                   = Addis Ababa University logo.png
 | logo_size              = 100px
 | motto                  = ''ኵሎ አመክሩ ወዘሠናየ አጽንዑ'' <br /> ([[1 Thessalonians 5|1 ተሰሎንቄ 5]]:21) ([[Geʽez]])
 | mottoeng               = "Prove all things; hold fast that which is good" <br /> (1 Thessalonians 5:21)
 | type                   = [[National university]]
 | established            = {{start date and age|1950|3|20|df=y}}
 | city                   = [[Addis Ababa]]
 | country                = [[Ethiopia]]
 | coordinates            = {{coord|9|2|48|N|38|45|33|E|display=inline,title|type:edu_region:ET}}
 | president              = Tassew Woldehanna<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aau.edu.et/aau-leadership/|title=AAU History of the Presidency|date=2018|website=Addis Ababa University|access-date=6 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507010920/http://www.aau.edu.et/aau-leadership/|archive-date=7 May 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 | students               = 48,673 (2013/14)<ref name=enrollment>{{cite web |url=http://www.aau.edu.et/about/aau-at-glance/ |title=AAU at a glance |date=28 December 2013 |publisher=Addis Ababa University |access-date=30 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507010913/http://www.aau.edu.et/about/aau-at-glance/ |archive-date=7 May 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 | campus                 = Addis Ababa (14 campus, including main)
 | former_names           = University College of Addis Ababa (1950–1962)<br />Haile Selassie I University (1962–1975)
 | website                = {{URL|aau.edu.et}}
}}
'''Addis Ababa University''' ({{langx|am|አዲስ አበባ ዩኒቨርሲቲ}}; '''AAU''') is a [[national university]] located in [[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia]]. It is the oldest university in Ethiopia. AAU has thirteen campuses. Twelve of these are situated in Addis Ababa, and one is located in [[Bishoftu]], about {{Convert|45|km|mi}} away. AAU has several associated research institutions including the [[Institute of Ethiopian Studies]]. The [[Ministry of Education (Ethiopia)|Ministry of Education]] admits qualified students to AAU based on their score on the [[Ethiopian General Secondary Education Certificate Examination|Ethiopian University Entrance Examination]] (EUEE).

==History==
[[File:Parco dell'università di addis abeba, 12.jpg|thumb|left|J. F. Kennedy Library of Addis Ababa University.]]
The origins of AAU was a two-year college on 20 March 1950 by the Jesuit [[Lucien Matte]], at the appeal of ''His Majesty Emperor'' [[Haile Selassie|Haile Selassie I]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Higher Education in Ethiopia|last=Trudeau|first=Eduard|year=1964|location=Montreal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AAU at a glance {{!}} Addis Ababa University |url=https://www.aau.edu.et/about/aau-at-glance/#:~:text=Addis%20Ababa%20University%20(AAU),,and%20research%20institution%20in%20Ethiopia. |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=www.aau.edu.et}}</ref> It began operations the following year. Over the following two years an affiliation with the [[University of London]], and [[University of Oxford]] was developed. Africans from various parts of the continent would receive free scholarships through  programs subsidized by the [[Organisation of African Unity]] for higher learning. AAU was also known for sending its students abroad for an extended interpersonal educational experience, and having those students return with the exemplary standards of the international community.

The nucleus of AAU was formed with the establishment of the University College of Addis Ababa (UCAA) in 1950.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Three Decades of University Education|publisher=Addis Ababa University|year=1980|location=Addis Ababa}}</ref> UCAA, which initially consisted of the Faculties of Arts and Science, became a fully fledged college when it was chartered in 1954. In 1955, the Building College was opened. In February 1961, these various colleges and the Theological College were brought together to form the Haile Selassie University. ''Emperor'' Haile Selassie I gave his [[Guenete Leul Palace]] to serve as the administration building and main campus. He had abandoned the palace, where a number of his ministers and favorites were killed in the wake of the abortive Coup d'état in 1960, in favor of the new Jubilee Palace.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Haile|first=Fisseha|title=Addis Ababa University: a Study of an Institution 1961–1981|journal=PICES|volume=1|pages=491–507}}</ref> Following the 1974 revolution, the university was briefly renamed University of Ethiopia (National University) before it came to assume its present designation, AAU, in 1975.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Semru|first=Mulugeta|title=The Development of Higher Education in Ethioipa|journal=PICES|volume=1|pages=215–231}}</ref> In the wake of the revolution, AAU was closed for two years and students and staff were drafted into what was known as the Development through Cooperation Campaign (''zemecha''), designed to arise the awareness of the rural population in the spirit of the revolution.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Balsvik|first=Randi Rønning|date=2009|title=Addis Ababa University in the Shadow of the Derg, 1974-1991|journal=Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies|pages=265}}</ref> The university offered its first Master's programs in 1979 and its first PhD programs in 1987.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=The Development of Higher Education and Social Change, an Ethiopian Experience|last=Wagaw|first=Teshome|publisher=Michigan State University Press|year=1990|location=East Lansing}}</ref>

=== Administration ===
[[File:Lucien Matte and Emperor of Ethiopia.jpg|thumbnail|[[Emperor Haile Selassie]] (center) and French Canadian Jesuit, Fr. Lucien Matte, SJ (right) at the university, 1951]]
Until 1974 the charter provided for a governance structure in the following descending order or authority: Chancellor (the Emperor himself); the Board of Governors, composed of ministers and members of the royal family; and the Faculty Council, made up of the university officers, deans, directors and elected members. The Faculty later became the Senate. In 1977, [[Duri Mohammed]] was appointed president of AAU, under his leadership the academy was preserved and even saw its resurgence despite the turbulent times amid the [[Ethiopian Revolution|Ethiopian inserruction]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Report of the Addis Ababa University Revitalization Study Committee |date=2020 |publisher=Ethiopian Ministry of Education |page=49 |url=https://moe.gov.et/storage/Books/FINAL%20Main%20AAU%20Revitalization%20Plan.pdf}}</ref> The AAU also lost its relative autonomy when it was brought under the Commission for Higher Education, which came to exercise administrative jurisdiction over all institutions of higher learning.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web |title=AAU Leadership |url=http://www.aau.edu.et/aau-leadership/ |website=Addis Ababa University}}</ref> In 1993, AAU was placed under the [[Ministry of Education (Ethiopia)|Ministry of Education]] by a government proclamation. The incoming transitional government appointed Duri Mohammed as president once again, a purging of 42 staff members which included [[Asrat Woldeyes]] and former president Alemayehu Teferra ensued.<ref>{{cite book |author=Taye Assefa |title=Academic Freedom in Ethiopia Perspectives of Teaching Personnel |date=2008 |publisher=Forum for Social Studies |page=47 |isbn=978-99944-50-20-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A_qnbcFvUPkC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=42 University instructors dismissed on political grounds to be reinstated |date=24 July 2018 |publisher=borkena |url=https://borkena.com/2018/07/23/42-university-instructors-dismissed-on-political-grounds-to-be-reinstated/}}</ref>

==Influence==
{{Infobox university rankings
| ARWU_W = 601–700 |ARWU_W_year = 2023| ARWU_W_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2023|title=Academic Ranking of World Universities 2023|website=shanghairanking.com|access-date=24 February 2023}}</ref>
| QS_W = 851–900 | QS_W_year = 2024| QS_W_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/addis-ababa-university|title=QS World University Rankings: Addis Ababa University|date=29 June 2023|website=Top Universities|access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
| USNWR_W = =573 | USNWR_W_year = 2023 | USNWR_W_ref =<ref name="USNWR">{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/addis-ababa-university-529036|title=Addis Ababa University|author=U.S. News|access-date=27 February 2024}}</ref>
}}
Over and above their academic  pursuits, AAU students have been actively engaged in community service (such as conducting literacy programs) and political struggle, particularly in the years before the [[Ethiopian Revolution|1974 revolution]]. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, students were required to do a year of national service under the Ethiopia University Service program. University teachers and students were instrumental in exposing the hidden 1973 famine and launching the first famine relief program.<ref name=":0" /> The Ethiopian Student Movement, of which the university was the birthplace and main venue, played a pivotal role in bringing about the revolution.<ref name=":2" /> Almost all leaders of the political organizations that were active in the revolutionary years or are in power now had their political formation inside the university.<ref name=":1" /> In 2013/2014, there were 33,940 undergraduate students, 13,000 graduate students, and 1,733 PhD students, making a total student body of 48,673.

==Campuses and colleges==
=== Colleges ===
{{Div col}}
* College of Biological Engineering
* College of Social Sciences 
* College of Humanities, Language Studies, Journalism and communication 
* College of Development Studies 
* College of Business and Economics
* College of Law and Governance Studies
* College of Education and Behavioral Studies 
* College of Natural and Computational Sciences 
* [[Skunder Boghossian]] College of Performing and Visual Arts 
* College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture 
* College of Health Science
{{colend}}

=== Research and teaching institutes ===
{{Div col}}
* Academy of Ethiopian Languages and Cultures 
* Addis Ababa Institute of Technology 
* [[Aklilu Lemma]] Institute of Pathobiology 
* Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development 
* Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources 
* Institute of Biotechnology 
* Institute of Educational Research 
* [[Institute of Ethiopian Studies]] 
* Institute of Geophysics, Space Science and Astronomy 
* Institute of Peace and Security Studies 
* Horn of Africa Regional Center and Environment Network 
* Institute of Development and Policy  Research/IDPR/
{{colend}}

=== Schools ===
{{Div col}}
* Alle School of Fine Arts and Design 
* School of Allied Health Sciences 
* School of Commerce 
* School of Earth Sciences 
* School of Information Science 
* School of Journalism and Communications 
* School of Medicine 
* School of Pharmacy 
* School of [[Public health]]
* School of Social Work 
* [[Yared]] School of Music 
* Yoftahe Nigussie School of Theatrical Arts 
{{colend}}

== Notable dropouts ==

* [[Isaias Afwerki]] abandoned his studies in 1966 and traveled to [[Kassala]], Sudan to join the [[Eritrean Liberation Front]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ISAIAS AFWERKI (1946- ) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/isaias-afwerki-1946/ |website=Blackpast |date=8 March 2022 |access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref>
* [[Meles Zenawi]] in 1975 left the university to join the  [[Tigray People's Liberation Front]]  and fight against the Derg (the [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]]-led [[military dictatorship|military government]] in Ethiopia).
[[File:Hailemariam Dessalegn in London, 8 June 2011.jpg|thumb|Hailemariam Desalegn (former prime minister of Ethiopia 2012–2018)]]
[[File:Baalu Girma in suit.jpg|thumb|[[Baalu Girma]] an Ethiopian journalists, writer and novelist ]]
[[File:Yohannes Haile-Selassie.png|thumb|[[Yohannes Haile-Selassie]] an Ethiopian [[Paleoanthropology|paleoanthropologist]].]]
[[File:Birhanu Nega.png|thumb|[[Berhanu Nega]], current [[Ministry of Education (Ethiopia)|Minister of Education]]]]

== Notable alumni ==
{{Div col}}

=== Politicians ===
*[[Hailemariam Desalegn]] 
*[[Abiy Ahmed]] 
*[[Rupiah Banda]] 
* [[Mustafa Cagjar|Mustafa Mohoumed Omer]] 
* [[Ali Abdo (politician)|Ali Abdo]] 

=== Businesspeople ===
* [[Ahmed Kellow]]

=== Physicists ===
* [[Mulugeta Bekele]]

=== Historians ===
* [[Taddesse Tamrat]]
*[[Kinfe Abraham]]
*[[Merid Wolde Aregay]]
*[[Bahru Zewde]]
*[[Mohammed Hassen]]

=== Biologists ===
* [[Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher]]
* [[Legesse Wolde-Yohannes]]
* [[Sebsebe Demissew]]
* [[Segenet Kelemu]]
* [[Masresha Fetene]]

=== Engineers ===
* [[Simegnew Bekele]]

=== Chemists ===
* [[Sinknesh Ejigu]]

===Linguists===
* [[Azeb Amha]]

=== Pharmacologists ===
* [[Eleni Aklillu]]<ref name=AAS>{{cite web |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/aklillu-eleni |title=Aklillu Eleni |website=The African Academy of Sciences |access-date=26 April 2021 |archive-date=26 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426222200/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/aklillu-eleni |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Anthropologists ===
*[[Berhane Asfaw]]
*[[Yohannes Haile-Selassie]]
*[[Zeresenay Alemseged]]

=== Artists ===
*[[Kidist Hailu Degaffe]]

=== Authors ===
* [[Hama Tuma]]
* [[Sebhat Gebre-Egziabher]]
* [[Baalu Girma]]
* [[Bewketu Seyoum]]

=== Economists ===
* [[Duri Mohammed]]
* [[Berhanu Nega]]

=== Judges ===
* [[Kemal Bedri]]

=== Lawyers ===
* [[Dawit Wolde Giorgis]]
* [[Assefa Chabo]]
* [[Goshu Wolde]]
* [[Abebe Worke]]
* [[Yoseph Gebre-Egziabher]]
* [[Meaza Ashenafi]]
* [[Daniel Bekele]]
* [[Tsegaye Regassa Ararsa]]
* [[Birtukan Mideksa]]
* [[Getachew Reda]]
* [[Abiye Teklemariam]]
* [[Takele Soboka Bulto]]
* [[Mehari Taddele Maru]]
* [[Yonatan Tesfaye Fesseha]]
* [[Solomon Ayele Dersso]]
* [[Benyam Dawit Mezmur]]
* [[Awol Allo]]
* [[Abadir M. Ibrahim]]
* [[Gideon Timotheos]]
* [[Tewodros Tsegaye]]

=== Linguists ===
* [[Azeb Amha]]
* [[Hirut Woldemariam]]

=== Physicians ===
*[[Lia Tadesse]]
*[[Abraham Verghese]]{{colend}}

=== Teachers ===
* [[Habtamu Ayele]]<!--Is this person notable?-->

== See also ==

* [[List of universities and colleges in Ethiopia]]
* [[Education in Ethiopia]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://aau.edu.et/ Addis Ababa University official website]
*[http://www.aau.edu.et/ies/ Institute of Ethiopian Studies and the Ethnological Museum]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080509125715/http://africa.msu.edu/AUP/ Contact information for Addis Ababa University, and 28 Ethiopian institutions of higher education in the African Higher Education Database]

{{Association of African Universities}}
{{Addis Ababa}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Addis Ababa University| ]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Ethiopia]]
[[Category:1950 establishments in Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1950]]
[[Category:Haile Selassie]]