Editing Adolphe Marbot

{{Short description|French general (1781–1844)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}

{{Infobox military person
| name          = Adolphe Marbot
| image         = General Antoine Marbot.png
| image_size    = 300px
| caption       = General Marbot wearing the insignia of [[Legion of Honour|Commander of the Legion of Honor]]
| birth_name    = Antoine Adolphe Marcelin Marbot
| nickname      = Marbot the Elder
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1781|03|22|df=y}}
| birth_place   = [[Altillac]], [[Kingdom of France|France]]
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1844|06|02|1781|03|2|df=y}}
| death_place   = [[Altillac]], [[July Monarchy|France]]
| allegiance    = [[File:Flag of France.svg|22px|border]] [[French First Republic|French Republic]] <br> [[File:Flag of France.svg|22px|border]] [[First French Empire|French Empire]] <br> [[File:Flag of Royalist France.svg|22px|border]] [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Kingdom of France]] <br> [[File:Flag of France.svg|22px|border]] [[July Monarchy|Kingdom of France]]
| serviceyears  = 1798–1843
| rank          = [[Maréchal de camp]] <br> (Brigadier general)
| battles       = 
{{tree list}}
* [[Napoleonic Wars]]
** [[War of the Fourth Coalition]]
** [[Peninsular War]]
** [[French invasion of Russia|Invasion of Russia]]
{{tree list/end}}
| awards        = [[Legion of Honour|Order of the Legion of Honour]] <br> (Commander) <br> [[Order of Saint Louis]] <br> (Knight)
| relations     = [[Jean-Antoine Marbot]], [[Divisional general]] <br> (Father) <br> [[Marcellin Marbot|Jean-Baptiste Antoine Marcelin Marbot]], [[Lieutenant-General (France)|Lieutenant general]] <br> (Brother) <br> [[François Certain de Canrobert]], [[List of Marshals of France|Marshal of France]] <br> (Cousin)
| laterwork     = [[Aisne|Commander of the Aisne department]]
}}

'''Antoine Adolphe Marcelin Marbot'''{{efn|Marbot's full name as it appears in birth certificate and official documents.<ref name="Base Léonore">Archives nationales ([[Ministry of Culture (France)|French Ministry of Culture]]). {{Base Léonore |LH 1723/42 |id=246099 |Marbot, Antoine Adolphe Marcelin}}</ref>}} ({{IPAc-en|m|ɑːr|ˈ|b|oʊ}} {{respell|mar|BOH}}, {{IPA|fr|ɑ̃twan adɔlf maʁsəlɛ̃ maʁbo|lang}}; 22 March 1781 – 2 June 1844), known as '''Adolphe Marbot''',{{efn|He was known to contemporaries as "Adolphe Marbot", the name "[[Jean-Antoine Marbot|Antoine Marbot]]" referring to his father.}} was a French [[Maréchal de camp|general]]. He belongs to a family that has distinguished itself particularly in the career of arms, giving three generals to [[France]] in less than 50 years. His younger brother, [[Marcellin Marbot]], was also a general.

== Biography ==
=== Early life ===
Antoine Adolphe Marcelin Marbot was born into a family of military nobility in [[Altillac]], in the ancient province of [[Quercy]] in southwestern France. He was the elder son of General [[Jean-Antoine Marbot]], former ''[[aide-de-camp]]'' to ''Lieutenant-Général'' de Schomberg, inspector general of the cavalry within the [[Maison Militaire du Roi de France|Military household of the king of France]].<ref name="Marbot 1892, Volume 1, Chapter 1">{{Cite book |author=Marbot, Marcellin |translator=Butler, Arthur J. |date=1892 |chapter=Chapter I: Early Days |chapter-url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044087883203&view=1up&seq=15 |title=The memoirs of Baron de Marbot, late lieutenant-general in the French army |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000626152 |language=en |location=London |publisher=Longmans, Green & Co. |volume=1 |pages=1–8}}</ref>

After studying at the military college of Sorèze, he entered the army at the age of seventeen as a chasseur in the [[:fr:21e régiment de chasseurs à cheval|21st cavalry regiment of chasseurs]]. He was promoted to the rank of [[second lieutenant]] on 5 October 1799, and became ''aide-de-camp'' to General [[Charles XIV John|Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte]], commander-in-chief of the [[Army of the West (France)|Army of the West]] (and future King [[House of Bernadotte|Charles XIV John]] of [[Sweden]]), with the rank of [[lieutenant]].<ref name="Chisholm 1911">{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Marbot, Antoine Adolphe Marcelin |volume=17 |page=680}}</ref>

[[File:General Jean-Antoine Marbot (1754-1800).jpg|thumb|left|General [[Jean-Antoine Marbot]] (1754–1800) during the [[Siege of Genoa (1800)|Italian campaign]]]]

=== Consulate ===
In 1802, he was arrested on the ground of being concerned in a [[Republicanism|Republican]] plot against the [[French Consulate|Consulate]]. General Bernadotte was suspected of being at the head of this plot and his ''aide-de-camp'', the young Lieutenant Marbot, was interrogated at the [[Square du Temple|Temple Prison]] in [[Paris]], with the aim of obtaining a confession from him which he would not provide. He was released after 3 months in detention, although First Consul [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] continued to regard him as an opponent of the established [[French Consulate|regime]].<ref name="Chisholm 1911"/>

[[File:Jean-Baptiste-Jules Bernadotte, Prince de Ponte-Corvo, roi de Suède, Maréchal de France (1763-1844).jpg|thumb|left|General, later Marshal [[Charles XIV John|Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte]] (1763–1844), future King [[House of Bernadotte|Charles XIV John]] of [[Sweden]]]]

After his release, he was exiled and was sent on various overseas missions, which he performed with the greatest distinction. He was promoted to the rank of [[captain]] before returning to France.<ref name="Rabbe; Vieilh de Boisjolin; Sainte-Preuve 1834">{{Cite book |author1=Rabbe, Alphonse |author2=Vieilh de Boisjolin, Claude-Augustin |author3=Binet de Sainte-Preuve, Charles Claude |date=1834 |chapter=Marbot, Antoine Adolphe Marcelin |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7KdVAAAAcAAJ&q=Marbot%20(Antoine-Adolphe-Marcelin)&pg=PP9 |title=Biographie universelle et portative des contemporains |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7KdVAAAAcAAJ |language=fr |location=Paris |publisher=F. G. Levrault |volume=3 |pages=452–453}}</ref>

=== Napoleonic wars ===
In 1806, he became ''aide-de-camp'' to Marshal [[Pierre Augereau]] and took part in the [[War of the Fourth Coalition|Prussian and Polish campaign]], distinguishing himself particularly at the [[Battle of Jena–Auerstedt|Battle of Jena]], where he was wounded, and at the [[Battle of Eylau]], where his horse was killed under him. Marshal Augereau, having been forced to take leave from the army as a result of his wounds, obtained that his ''aide-de-camp'' would join Marshal [[André Masséna]], under whose orders Marbot served until the [[Treaties of Tilsit]].<ref name="Rabbe; Vieilh de Boisjolin; Sainte-Preuve 1834"/>

[[File:Maréchal Louis-Alexandre Berthier.jpg|thumb|right|Marshal [[Louis-Alexandre Berthier]] (1753–1815), Prince of [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]]]]

From 1808 to 1811 he fought in the [[Peninsular War|Spanish campaign]], serving as ''aide-de-camp'' to Marshal [[Jean Lannes]] during the [[Battle of Tudela]] on 23 November 1808. His brilliant conduct earned him a promotion to the rank of ''[[chef d'escadron]]'' (squadron leader) and he became attached to the staff of Marshal [[Louis-Alexandre Berthier]], Prince of [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]].<ref name="Rabbe; Vieilh de Boisjolin; Sainte-Preuve 1834"/>

After the capture of [[Madrid]] and the evacuation of the [[United Kingdom|British]] forces at the [[Battle of Corunna]], he left [[Astorga, Spain|Astorga]] to carry letters from Emperor [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]] to his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]], who had become the [[List of Spanish monarchs|King of Spain]]. He was injured during an ambush by guerrillas on 4 January 1809 and was imprisoned, almost dying from his wounds, in [[Cádiz]]. In February 1810, he managed to recover his liberty along with ''Chef d'escadron'' de Turenne. He reached the coast of Africa through many dangers, and finally joined Marshal [[Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno|Claude Victor-Perrin]]'s corps during the [[Siege of Cádiz]] by the French forces.<ref name="Rabbe; Vieilh de Boisjolin; Sainte-Preuve 1834"/>

Having returned from a mission in Paris, he took part in the [[Peninsular War#1810|Third Portuguese campaign]] as ''aide-de-camp'' to Marshal [[André Masséna]], Prince of [[Essling]], between 1810 and 1811.<ref name="Rabbe; Vieilh de Boisjolin; Sainte-Preuve 1834"/>

[[File:Les conscrits parisiens à Witepsk.png|thumb|right|The [[Battle of Vitebsk (1812)]] during the [[French invasion of Russia|Russian campaign]]]]

In 1812 he joined the [[:fr:16e régiment de chasseurs à cheval|16th cavalry regiment of chasseurs]] as ''chef d'escadron'' and took part in the [[French invasion of Russia|Russian campaign]]. He was wounded during the fierce combats of the [[Battle of Vitebsk (1812)|Battle of Vitebsk]], after having his horse killed under him. He was made prisoner by the [[Russian Empire|Russian]] army and was sent to [[Saratov]], where he shared the captivity of a large number of captured officers, including General de Saint-Geniès, Colonel de Saint-Mars and Captain [[Octave, comte de Ségur|de Ségur]]. He did not return to France until the end of the war in 1814, and subsequently joined the [[Chief of the Defence Staff (France)|''État-Major'']] in Paris.<ref name="Rabbe; Vieilh de Boisjolin; Sainte-Preuve 1834"/>

He became ''aide-de-camp'' to Marshal [[Louis-Nicolas Davout]], Prince of [[Eckmühl]], during the [[Hundred Days]], after which he retired from active service until 1830.<ref name="Chisholm 1911"/>

=== July Monarchy ===
[[File:La cathédrale de Laon DSC 0707.jpg|thumb|right|[[Laon]], capital city of the [[Aisne]] department in northern France]]

During the reign of King [[Louis Philippe I]], he attained the rank of ''[[maréchal de camp]]'' (brigadier general) on 31 December 1831, and was appointed [[commander]] of the [[Aisne]] department in the [[Hauts-de-France]] region of northern [[France]].<ref name="Rabbe; Vieilh de Boisjolin; Sainte-Preuve 1834"/>

He retired on 22 March 1843 and died the following year, on 2 June 1844, at Brâ near [[Tulle]].<ref name="Chisholm 1911"/>

== Family ==
[[File:Maréchal Canrobert by Nadar.jpg|thumb|right|Marshal [[François Certain de Canrobert]] (1809–1895) by [[Nadar]]]]

His father, General [[Jean-Antoine Marbot]], had four sons, only two whom reached adulthood: Antoine Adolphe Marcelin, the elder, and [[Marcellin Marbot|Jean-Baptiste Antoine Marcelin]], the younger, ''[[Lieutenant-General (France)|lieutenant-général]]'' (divisional general) during the [[July Monarchy]], famous for his Memoirs depicting the [[Napoleonic Wars|Napoleonic age]] of warfare.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Dawson, Paul L. |date=2019 |title=Napoleon's Waterloo Army: Uniforms and Equipment |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zbcSEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT240 |language=en |location=Barnsley |publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=978-1-5267-0530-3 |quote=The regiment was led in 1815 by Colonel Marcelin Marbot, who left a vivid set of memoirs about his military career under Napoleon; these give a picture of the Napoleonic age of warfare [...].}}</ref> Through his mother, he was the cousin of [[François Certain de Canrobert]], [[List of Marshals of France|marshal of France]] during the [[Second French Empire]].<ref name="Marbot 1892, Volume 1, Chapter 1"/>

His marriage with Ernestine-Félicité de Moÿ de Sons, viscountess of Rives, produced no descendance.<ref name="Base Léonore"/>

== Decorations ==
Marbot received the following decorations:

[[File:Flag of France.svg|22px|border]] '''[[First French Empire|French Empire]]'''
* [[Legion of Honour|National Order of the Legion of Honour]]:
** [[File:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|55px]] Knight: 12 January 1807.<ref name="Base Léonore"/>

[[File:Flag of Royalist France.svg|22px|border]] '''[[Bourbon Restoration in France|Kingdom of France]]'''
* [[Order of Saint Louis|Royal and Military Order of Saint Louis]]:
** [[File:Ordre Royal et Militaire de Saint-Louis Chevalier ribbon.svg|55px]] Knight: 5 November 1814.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Royal and Military Order of Saint Louis (1814–1830) |title=List of recipients |url=https://www.saint-louis.info |language=fr |quote=Marbot, Antoine. 5 November 1814. Knight.}}</ref>

[[File:Flag of France.svg|22px|border]] '''[[July Monarchy|Kingdom of France]]'''
* [[Legion of Honour|Royal Order of the Legion of Honour]]:
** [[File:Legion Honneur Officier ribbon.svg|55px]] Officer: 21 March 1831.<ref name="Base Léonore"/>
** [[File:Legion Honneur Commandeur ribbon.svg|55px]] Commander: 16 June 1832.<ref name="Base Léonore"/>

== See also ==
* [[Napoleonic Wars]]
* [[July Monarchy]]
* [[Marbot family]]
* [[Jean-Antoine Marbot]]
* [[Marcellin Marbot]]

== References ==

=== Sources ===
* {{EB1911 |wstitle=Marbot, Antoine Adolphe Marcelin}}
* {{Cite book |author1=Rabbe, Alphonse |author2=Vieilh de Boisjolin, Claude-Augustin |author3=Binet de Sainte-Preuve, Charles Claude |date=1834 |chapter=Marbot, Antoine Adolphe Marcelin |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7KdVAAAAcAAJ&q=Marbot%20(Antoine-Adolphe-Marcelin)&pg=PP9 |title=Biographie universelle et portative des contemporains |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7KdVAAAAcAAJ |language=fr |location=Paris |publisher=F. G. Levrault}}
* {{Cite book |author=Marbot, Marcellin |translator=Butler, Arthur J. |date=1892 |title=The memoirs of Baron de Marbot, late lieutenant-general in the French army |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000626152 |language=en |location=London |publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.}}
* Archives nationales ([[Ministry of Culture (France)|French Ministry of Culture]]). {{Base Léonore |LH 1723/42 |id=246099 |Marbot, Antoine Adolphe Marcelin}}

=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{Base Léonore |LH 1723/42 |id=246099 |Marbot, Antoine Adolphe Marcelin}}

{{Commons|Marbot|Antoine Adolphe Marcelin Marbot}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Marbot, Adolphe}}
[[Category:1781 births]]
[[Category:1844 deaths]]
[[Category:Knights of the First French Empire]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of Saint Louis]]
[[Category:French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars]]
[[Category:Marbot family|Adolphe]]
[[Category:French generals]]
[[Category:Cavalry commanders]]
[[Category:People from Corrèze]]
[[Category:19th-century French military personnel]]