Editing Advanced Photon Source

{{Infobox particle accelerator
| name           = Advanced Photon Source (APS)
| image          = U.S. Department of Energy - Science - 362 027 001 (10193127443).jpg
| caption        = External view of the APS
| type           = [[Storage ring]]
| beam           = [[Electron]]
| target         = [[Synchrotron light source|Light source]]
| energy         = 7 GeV
| current        = 100 mA
| brightness     = {{val|6e19|u=ph./s/0.1%/mm<sup>2</sup>/mrad<sup>2</sup>}}
| luminosity     =
| length         =
| radius         =
| circumference  = {{convert|1100|m|ft}}
| location       = [[Lemont, Illinois]]
| coordinates    = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} -->
| institution    = [[United States Department of Energy|US-DoE]]
| dates          = 1995 – present
| preceded       =
| succeeded      = 
}}

The '''Advanced Photon Source''' ('''APS''') at [[Argonne National Laboratory]] (in Lemont, Illinois) is a storage-ring-based high-energy X-ray light source facility. It is one of five X-ray light sources owned and funded by the [[United States Department of Energy|U.S. Department of Energy]] [[Office of Science]]. The APS began operation on March 26, 1995. It is operated as a user facility, meaning that it is open to the world’s scientific community, and more than 5,500 researchers make use of its resources each year.

==How APS works==
[[File:APS Synchrotron.jpg|thumb|Inside the APS Storage Ring Enclosure|alt=X-ray front end inside the APS storage ring enclosure.]]
The APS uses a series of [[particle accelerator]]s to push electrons up to nearly the speed of light, and then injects them into a [[storage ring]] that is roughly two-thirds of a mile around. At every bend in the track, these electrons emit [[synchrotron radiation]] in the form of ultrabright X-rays. Scientists at 65 experiment stations around the ring use these X-rays for basic and applied research in a number of fields.

Scientists use the X-rays generated by the APS to peer inside batteries, with the goal of creating longer-lasting, faster-charging energy storage devices;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Battery of tests: Scientists figure out how to track what happens inside batteries {{!}} Argonne National Laboratory|url=https://www.anl.gov/article/battery-of-tests-scientists-figure-out-how-to-track-what-happens-inside-batteries|access-date=2021-10-21|website=www.anl.gov|language=en}}</ref> to improve 3D printing for more durable materials;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Putting a Shine on Metal 3-D Printing {{!}} Advanced Photon Source|url=https://www.aps.anl.gov/APS-Science-Highlight/2020-11-17/putting-a-shine-on-metal-3-d-printing|access-date=2021-10-21|website=www.aps.anl.gov|language=en}}</ref> to learn more about the behavior of charged particles in order to improve electronics;<ref>{{Cite web|title=A new spin on energy-efficient electronics {{!}} Argonne National Laboratory|url=https://www.anl.gov/article/a-new-spin-on-energyefficient-electronics|access-date=2021-10-21|website=www.anl.gov|language=en}}</ref> and to map the brain to understand more about neurological diseases.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Researchers image an entire mouse brain for the first time {{!}} Argonne National Laboratory|url=https://www.anl.gov/article/researchers-image-an-entire-mouse-brain-for-the-first-time|access-date=2021-10-21|website=www.anl.gov|language=en}}</ref> APS research played a role in the development of the COVID-19 vaccines in use in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS plays foundational role in development of COVID-19 vaccines {{!}} Argonne National Laboratory|url=https://www.anl.gov/article/aps-plays-foundational-role-in-development-of-covid19-vaccines|access-date=2021-10-21|website=www.anl.gov|language=en}}</ref>

The Experiment Hall surrounds the storage ring and is divided into 35 sectors, each of which has access to x-ray [[beamline]]s, one at an insertion device, and the other at a bending magnet.<ref>{{cite web |title=Experiment Hall & Beamlines |work=Argonne National Laboratory |url=http://www.aps.anl.gov/About/APS_Overview/experiment_hall.html |access-date=9 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325221308/http://www.aps.anl.gov/About/APS_Overview/experiment_hall.html |archive-date=25 March 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>  Each sector also corresponds to a lab/office module offering immediate access to the beamline.<ref>{{cite web |title=LOMs & Beamlines |work=Argonne National Laboratory |url=http://www.aps.anl.gov/About/APS_Overview/loms_beamlines.html |access-date=9 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325221314/http://www.aps.anl.gov/About/APS_Overview/loms_beamlines.html |archive-date=25 March 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Two [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel prizes in Chemistry]] have been granted for work performed in part at the APS. The 2009 prize was awarded for the discovery of the structure of the [[ribosome]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=2009 Chemistry Nobel to APS Users {{!}} Advanced Photon Source|url=https://www.aps.anl.gov/APS-News/2017/2009-chemistry-nobel-to-aps-users|access-date=2021-10-21|website=www.aps.anl.gov|language=en}}</ref> and the 2012 prize for the structure of [[G protein-coupled receptor]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Advanced Photon Source lights the way to 2012 Chemistry Nobel {{!}} Argonne National Laboratory|url=https://www.anl.gov/article/advanced-photon-source-lights-the-way-to-2012-chemistry-nobel|access-date=2021-10-21|website=www.anl.gov|language=en}}</ref>

== APS upgrade ==
The APS underwent an upgrade that saw the original storage ring replaced with a new multi-bend achromat lattice. Construction of nine new feature beamlines and 15 enhanced existing beamlines will be completed in 2024 and 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Argonne's Advanced Photon Source to Get $815 Million Upgrade {{!}} Advanced Photon Source|url=https://www.aps.anl.gov/node/11861|access-date=2021-10-21|website=www.aps.anl.gov|language=en}}</ref> The result will be X-rays that are up to 500 times brighter than those currently generated, and beamlines that will enable greater focusing ability to examine smaller materials in sharper detail. The installation period for the new storage ring began on April 24, 2023, and was completed roughly 12 months later in 2024, with stored beam demonstrated April 20, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Upgrade Installation Period Scheduled to Begin April 17, 2023 {{!}} Advanced Photon Source|url=https://www.aps.anl.gov/APS-News/2021-05-10/aps-upgrade-installation-period-scheduled-to-begin-april-17-2023/2021-05-10/aps|access-date=2021-10-21|website=www.aps.anl.gov|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=First stored electron beam in new APS storage ring {{!}} Advanced Photon Source|url=https://www.aps.anl.gov/APS-News/2024-04-20/first-stored-electron-beam-in-new-aps-storage-ring/2024-04-20/first-stored|access-date=2024-04-24|website=www.aps.anl.gov|language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[John Keith Moffat|Keith Moffat]]
* [[Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System|EPICS]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{cite web | title=Advanced Photon Source | url=http://www.aps.anl.gov/}}
* {{cite web|title=Advanced Photon Source Upgrade|url=https://www.aps.anl.gov/APS-Upgrade}}
* {{cite web|title=Argonne National Laboratory|url=https://www.anl.gov/}}
* {{cite web|title=DOE Office of Science|url=https://www.energy.gov/science/office-science}}
* {{cite web | title=Science and Research Highlights | url=http://www.aps.anl.gov/Science/Highlights/ | access-date=2005-10-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230094414/http://www.aps.anl.gov/Science/Highlights/ | archive-date=2007-12-30 | url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web | title=APS News | url=http://www.aps.anl.gov/News/APS_News/ | access-date=2008-03-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219162536/http://www.aps.anl.gov/News/APS_News/ | archive-date=2008-02-19 | url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web | title=Annual Reports | url=http://www.aps.anl.gov/Science/Reports/ | access-date=2008-03-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325232613/http://www.aps.anl.gov/Science/Reports/ | archive-date=2008-03-25 | url-status=dead }}
*[http://www.lightsources.org Lightsources.org]

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{{Synchrotron radiation facilities}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Argonne National Laboratory]]
[[Category:Synchrotron radiation facilities]]