Editing Akamai Technologies

{{Short description|American computer networking company}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name       = Akamai Technologies, Inc.
| logo       = Akamai logo.svg
| logo_size  = 200px
| image      = Akamai's headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| image_caption = Headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts
| type       = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as  = {{ubl|{{NASDAQ|AKAM}}|[[S&P 500]] component}}
| founded    = {{Start date and age|1998}}
| hq_location = {{nowrap|[[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], U.S.}}
| founders   = {{ubl |[[Daniel Lewin]] |[[F. Thomson Leighton]] |[[Randall Kaplan]] |[[Preetish Nijhawan]] |Jonathan Seelig}}
| key_people = {{ubl|[[F. Thomson Leighton]] ([[Chief financial officer|CEO]]) |[[Daniel Hesse]] ([[chairman]])<ref name="Board of Director">{{Cite web |title=Akamai Announces Board Of Directors Changes |url=https://www.akamai.com/newsroom/press-release/akamai-announces-board-of-directors-changes1| publisher  = Akamai Technologies, Inc. |date=March 18, 2021}}</ref>}}
| industry   = {{ubl|[[Internet]]|[[Cloud computing]]}}
| revenue    = {{increase}} {{US$|3.99&nbsp;billion|link=yes}} (2024)
| operating_income = {{decrease}} US$533&nbsp;million (2024)
| net_income = {{decrease}} US$505&nbsp;million (2024)
| assets     = {{increase}} US$10.4&nbsp;billion (2024)
| equity     = {{increase}} US$4.88&nbsp;billion (2024)
| num_employees = 10,748 (2024)
| website    = {{URL|akamai.com}}
| footnotes  = <ref name="10K">{{Cite web |title=Akamai Technologies, Inc. 2024 Form 10-K Annual Report |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1086222/000108622225000028/akam-20241231.htm |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |date=February 24, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001086222/000108622225000007/akam-20250220.htm |title=Form 8-K |date=February 20, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]}}</ref>
| module     = {{infobox network service provider|child=yes|asn=20940}}
}}

'''Akamai Technologies, Inc.''' is an American company specialized in [[content delivery network]]<ref name="contentdelivery">J. Dilley, B. Maggs, J. Parikh, H. Prokop, R. Sitaraman, and B. Weihl. {{Cite web |title=Globally Distributed Content Delivery, IEEE Internet Computing, September/October 2002, pp. 50–58 |url=https://people.cs.umass.edu/~ramesh/Site/PUBLICATIONS_files/DMPPSW02.pdf}}</ref> (CDN), [[cybersecurity]], [[DDoS mitigation]], and [[cloud services]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hendy |first=Nina |date=March 3, 2020 |title=How to avoid falling victim to a cyber attack |url=https://www.smh.com.au/money/banking/how-to-avoid-falling-victim-to-a-cyber-attack-20200302-p5462z.html |access-date=April 16, 2020 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 17, 2020 |title=Akamai Stock Finds Support On Video Streaming Surge {{!}} Investor's Business Daily |language=en-US |work=Investor's Business Daily |url=https://www.investors.com/news/technology/akamai-stock-video-streaming-coronavirus/ |access-date=April 16, 2020}}</ref> It is headquartered in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]].

== History ==
The company was named after ''[[wikt:akamai|akamai]]'', which means 'clever', or more colloquially, 'cool' in [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]]. Co-founder [[Daniel M.&nbsp;Lewin]] found the term in a Hawaiian–English dictionary after a colleague's suggestion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-28 |title=How these nine Mass. tech companies got their names |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/blog/startups/2014/04/how-these-nine-tech-companies-got-their-names.html |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=Boston Business Journal}}</ref>

Akamai Technologies entered the 1998 [[MIT $100K Entrepreneurship Competition|MIT $50K competition]] with a business proposition based on their research on [[consistent hashing]]<ref name="nuggets">{{Cite journal |last=Bruce Maggs and [[Ramesh Sitaraman]] |year=2015 |title=Algorithmic nuggets in content delivery |url=http://www.sigcomm.org/sites/default/files/ccr/papers/2015/July/0000000-0000009.pdf |journal=ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review |volume=45 |issue=3}}</ref> and was selected as one of the finalists.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 13, 1998 |title=Two teams win top prize in MIT $50K contest |url=http://newsoffice.mit.edu/1998/50k-0513 |access-date=June 11, 2014 |publisher=MIT News}}</ref> By August 1998, they had developed a working prototype, and with the help of Jonathan Seelig and [[Randall Kaplan]], they took steps to incorporate the company.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Akamai Technologies Inc |publisher=Reuters |url=http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=AKAM.O |url-status=dead |access-date=June 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018154226/http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=AKAM.O |archive-date=October 18, 2014}}</ref> Akamai Technologies was incorporated on August 20, 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Company History |url=https://www.akamai.com/company/company-history |website=www.akamai.com}}</ref>
 
In late 1998 and early 1999, a group of business professionals and scientists joined the founding team—most notably, [[Paul Sagan]], former president of New Media for [[Time Inc.]], and [[George Conrades]], former chairman and chief executive officer of [[BBN Technologies|BBN Corp.]] and senior vice president of US operations for [[IBM]]. Conrades became chief executive officer of Akamai in April 1999.<ref name="Fundinguniverse Akamai Technologies, Inc. History">{{Cite web |title=Akamai Technologies, Inc. History |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/akamai-technologies-inc-history |access-date=June 9, 2014 |publisher=fundinguniverse.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Conrades to resign from Akamai |work=Boston Business Journal |issue=January 5, 2005 |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/stories/2005/01/03/daily29.html?page=all |access-date=January 11, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg Sagan 2012" /> The company launched its commercial service in April 1999 and was listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market from October 29, 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AKAMAI TECHNOLOGIES INC (AKAM) IPO |url=http://www.nasdaq.com/markets/ipos/company/akamai-technologies-inc-5134-2853 |access-date=June 16, 2014 |publisher=NASDAQ}}</ref>
 
On July 1, 2001, Akamai was added to the [[Russell 3000 Index]] and [[Russell 2000 Index]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 17, 2001 |title=Akamai Technologies, Inc. Added to the Russell 3000 Index and Russell 2000 Index |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Akamai+Technologies,+Inc.+Added+to+the+Russell+3000+Index+and+Russell...-a076580202 |access-date=June 20, 2014 |archive-date=February 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204042116/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Akamai+Technologies%2c+Inc.+Added+to+the+Russell+3000+Index+and+Russell...-a076580202 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On September 11, 2001, co-founder [[Daniel M. Lewin]] died in the [[September 11 attacks]] at the age of 31, when he was stabbed by one of the hijackers aboard [[American Airlines Flight&nbsp;11]], the first plane to crash into the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]]. He was seated closest to the hijackers and may have tried to stop them.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Leopold |first=Todd |date=September 11, 2013 |title=The legacy of Danny Lewin, the first victims of 9/11 |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/09/tech/innovation/danny-lewin-9-11-akamai/ |access-date=July 22, 2014}}</ref>

[[Arabic language|Arabic]] news network [[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al-Jazeera]] was an Akamai customer from March 28, 2003 to April 2, 2003, when Akamai decided to end the relationship,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akamai ends Al Jazeera server support |url=http://news.cnet.com/1200-1035-995546.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104060757/http://news.cnet.com/1200-1035-995546.html |archive-date=November 4, 2012 |access-date=April 2, 2009 |publisher=news.cnet.com}}</ref> which the network's English-language managing editor claimed was due to "political pressure".<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2003 |title=Al Jazeera Denied Akamai Services |url=http://tech.mit.edu/V123/N17/17aljazeera.17n.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107204300/http://tech.mit.edu/V123/N17/17aljazeera.17n.html |archive-date=November 7, 2013 |access-date=April 2, 2009 |publisher=Tech.mit.edu}}</ref>

In 2005, Paul Sagan was named chief executive officer of Akamai, taking over from Conrades. Sagan worked to differentiate Akamai from its competitors by expanding its breadth of services.<ref name="Bloomberg Sagan 2012">{{Cite news |last1=Frier |first1=Sarah |last2=Womack |first2=Brian |date=April 26, 2012 |title=Akamai Says CEO Sagan to Leave; Profit Less Than Estimates |publisher=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-25/akamai-says-ceo-departing-by-end-2013-sales-top-estimates-1-.html |access-date=May 29, 2014}}</ref> Under his leadership, it grew to $1.37&nbsp;billion in revenue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akamai Technologies, Inc. (AKAM) Income Statement |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/is?s=AKAM+Income+Statement&annual |access-date=May 29, 2014 |publisher=Yahoo! Finance}}</ref>

In July 2007, Akamai was added to the [[S&P 500]] index.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Frier |first1=Sarah |last2=Mulier |first2=Thomas |date=July 10, 2007 |title=Akamai Names Leighton CEO After Eight-Month Search |url=https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2007/07/10/akamai-added-to-sp-500 |access-date=November 17, 2020 |publisher=DataCenterKnowledge}}</ref>

In 2013, co-founder Tom Leighton was elected chief executive officer, replacing Sagan.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Frier |first1=Sarah |last2=Mulier |first2=Thomas |date=December 17, 2012 |title=Akamai Names Leighton CEO After Eight-Month Search |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-12-17/akamai-chief-scientist-leighton-to-become-ceo-after-sagan-exit |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140925205929/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-12-17/akamai-chief-scientist-leighton-to-become-ceo-after-sagan-exit |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 25, 2014 |access-date=June 19, 2014 |publisher=BloombergBusinessweek}}</ref>

In 2013, the Securities and Exchange Commission charged a former executive at Akamai Technologies for illegally tipping non-public information about the company's financial predicament as part of the insider trading scheme operated by now-imprisoned Galleon Management hedge fund founder Raj Rajaratnam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 20, 2013 |title=SEC Charges Former Technology Company Executive for Role in Rajaratnam Insider Trading Scheme |url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2013-189 |publisher=VentureBeat}}</ref> In 2014 it was reported that the [[National Security Agency]] and [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] used [[Facebook]]'s Akamai CDN to collect information on Facebook users.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrison Weber |date=May 15, 2014 |title=Facebook & Akamai respond to NSA slides alleging massive CDN vulnerability |url=https://venturebeat.com/2014/05/15/facebook-akamai-respond-to-nsa-slides-alleging-massive-cdn-vulnerability/ |publisher=VentureBeat}}</ref> 

On February 9, 2021, Akamai announced that it would reorganize into two internal groups{{snd}} Security Technology and Edge Technology. It also re-established the role of chief technology officer and named Robert Blumofe to that role.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gagliordi |first=Natalie |date=9 February 2021 |title=Akamai tops Q4 expectations, announces reorganization and new CTO |work=ZDNet |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/akamai-tops-q4-expectations-announces-reorganization-and-new-cto/ |access-date=10 February 2021}}</ref> Long-time chief security officer (CSO) Andy Ellis announced he would leave in March 2021.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1359249973330731013 |user=csoandy |title=Thread : Andy Ellis on Twitter...}}</ref>

Akamai's headquarters are in [[Kendall Square]]. It started in [[Technology Square (Cambridge, Massachusetts)|Technology Square]] and later expanded to multiple buildings in [[Cambridge Center]]. It consolidated its offices in a purpose-built building at 145&nbsp;Broadway in December 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akamai Opens New HQ In Cambridge |url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2019/11/01/akamai-new-headquarters-cambridge |website=www.wbur.org|date=November 2019 }}</ref>

In February 2025, Akamai was chosen as the strategic cloud computing provider by one of the world's largest technology companies, with a multi-year commitment to spend over $100&nbsp;million on cloud infrastructure services.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akamai selected as strategic cloud computing provider by one of the world’s largest technology companies, with a multi-year commitment to spend over $100M on cloud infrastructure services |url=https://www.akamai.com/newsroom/press-release/akamai-selected-as-strategic-cloud-computing-provider-by-one-of-the-worlds-largest-technology-companies}}</ref> The company's cloud infrastructure services primarily consist of compute and storage solutions developed based on [[Linode]], a cloud hosting provider acquired by Akamai for $900&nbsp;million in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-25 |title=Akamai Secures $100M Cloud Contract with Major Tech Company |url=https://hostdean.com/news/akamai-100m-cloud-contract-major-tech-company/ |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=HostDean |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lardinois |first=Frederic |date=2022-02-15 |title=Akamai acquires Linode for $900M |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/02/15/akamai-acquires-linode-for-900m/ |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Akamai Intelligent Edge Platform===
The Akamai Intelligent Platform<ref name="Nygren">{{Citation |last1=Nygren |first1=Erik |title=The Akamai Network: A Platform for High-Performance Internet Applications |url=http://www.akamai.com/dl/technical_publications/network_overview_osr.pdf |last2=Sitaraman |first2=Ramesh K. |last3=Sun |first3=Jennifer}}</ref> is a distributed cloud computing platform that operates worldwide, a network of over approximately 365,000 servers in more than 135 countries.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Facts & Figures |url=https://www.akamai.com/us/en/about/facts-figures.jsp |access-date=April 16, 2020 |website=Akamai |language=en-US}}</ref> These servers reside on roughly 1,350 of the world's networks, gathering real-time information about traffic, congestion, and trouble spots.<ref name=":0" /> Each Akamai server is equipped with proprietary software that uses complex algorithms to process requests from nearby users.<ref name="Nygren" />

===Content delivery process===
[[File:Akamaiprocess.png|thumb|300px|Akamai [[Content delivery network|content delivery]] to a user]]

The content delivery process begins with a user submitting a request to a [[Web browser|browser]]. When a user enters a URL, a [[DNS]] request is triggered to Akamai's authoritative DNS,<ref name="akamaidns">{{Cite web |author=Kyle Schomp, Onkar Bhardwaj, Eymen Kurdoglu, Mashooq Muhaimen, and Ramesh K. Sitaraman |title=Akamai DNS: Providing Authoritative Answers to the World's Queries, ACM SIGCOMM conference |date=Aug 2020 |url=https://groups.cs.umass.edu/ramesh/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/07/sigcomm2020-final289.pdf}}</ref> and an [[IP address]] is retrieved. With the IP address, the browser can then directly contact the Akamai edge server for subsequent requests.<ref name="Zakas">{{Cite web |last=Zakas |first=Nicholas C. |date=November 29, 2011 |title=How content delivery networks (CDNs) work |url=http://www.nczonline.net/blog/2011/11/29/how-content-delivery-networks-cdns-work/ |website=NCZOnline}}</ref> In a [[content delivery network]] (CDN) structure, the [[domain name]] of the URL is translated by the mapping system<ref name="mapping">{{Cite web |title=End-User Mapping: Next Generation Request Routing for Content Delivery |author=F. Chen, R. Sitaraman, and M. Torres |work=ACM SIGCOMM conference |date=Aug 2015 |url=https://people.cs.umass.edu/~ramesh/Site/PUBLICATIONS_files/eum_embedded.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812155713/http://people.cs.umass.edu/~ramesh/Site/PUBLICATIONS_files/eum_embedded.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-12 |access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref> into the IP address of an [[edge server]] to serve the content to the user.<ref name="Nygren" />

Akamai delivers web content over its Intelligent Platform by transparently [[mirror website|mirroring]] elements such as [[HTML]], [[CSS]], software downloads, and [[digital media|media]] objects from customers' servers. The Akamai server is automatically chosen depending on the type of content and the user's network location. The servers are located in more than 200 countries and territories.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 6, 2022| title=Countries in which Akamai maintains Server Points of Presence | url=https://www.akamai.com/site/en/documents/akamai/points-of-presence-countries.pdf | access-date=October 12, 2022}}</ref> Receiving content from a server nearer to the user allows for faster downloads and less vulnerability to [[network congestion]]. Akamai claims to provide better scalability by delivering the content over the last mile from servers close to end-users, avoiding the [[middle mile|middle-mile]] bottleneck of the Internet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2011 |title=Inside Akamai and the scary future of streaming video |website=GigaOm |url=http://gigaom.com/video/inside-akamai-and-the-scary-future-of-streaming-video/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211015527/http://gigaom.com/video/inside-akamai-and-the-scary-future-of-streaming-video/ |archive-date=December 11, 2012 |access-date=March 12, 2012}}</ref> The Download Delivery product line includes HTTP downloads for large downloadable objects, a customizable application for consumers, and analytics tools with metrics that monitor and report on the download process.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2018 |title=Download Delivery |url=https://www.akamai.com/us/en/products/media-delivery/download-delivery.jsp#download_delivery_overview |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118025837/https://www.akamai.com/us/en/products/media-delivery/download-delivery.jsp#download_delivery_overview |archive-date=January 18, 2018 |access-date=January 26, 2018 |publisher=Akamai Technologies |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Peer-to-peer networking===
In addition to using its own servers, Akamai delivers certain content from other end-users' computers, in the form of [[peer-to-peer]] networking.<ref name="watch">{{Cite web |last=Ben Homer |date=January 26, 2010 |title=Akamai Using P2P for Enhanced Video Delivery |url=http://www.onlinevideowatch.com/akamai-using-p2p-for-enhance-video/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515021051/http://www.onlinevideowatch.com/akamai-using-p2p-for-enhance-video/ |archive-date=May 15, 2013 |access-date=September 2, 2011 |publisher=Online Video Watch}}</ref><ref name="netsession">{{Cite web |title=Akamai NetSession Interface – Design Principles |url=http://www.akamai.com/html/misc/akamai_client/netsession_interface_design.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192947/http://www.akamai.com/html/misc/akamai_client/netsession_interface_design.html |archive-date=October 29, 2013 |access-date=September 2, 2011 |publisher=Akamai Technologies}}</ref>

===OPEN Initiative===
On October 9, 2013, Akamai announced its Open Initiative at the 2013 Akamai Edge Conference. OPEN allows customers and partners to develop and customize how they interact with the Akamai Intelligent Platform. Its key components include system and development operations integration, real-time [[big data]] integration, and a single-point user interface.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 9, 2013 |title=Akamai Unveils Open Platform Initiative at Akamai Edge 2013 Customer Conference |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/akamai-releases-first-quarter-2014-103000375.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022063941/http://finance.yahoo.com/news/akamai-releases-first-quarter-2014-103000375.html |archive-date=October 22, 2014 |access-date=September 23, 2014 |publisher=Yahoo! Finance |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

==Acquisitions==
* On February 10, 2000, Akamai acquired Network24 Communications<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2000 |title=Akamai to Acquire Network24 Communications |url=http://www.streamingmedia.com/Articles/News/Online-Video-News/Akamai-to-Acquire-Network24-Communications-61681.aspx |access-date=September 23, 2014 |publisher=StreamingMedia.com}}</ref> for 621,000 shares of common stock and $12.5&nbsp;million in cash.<ref name="annualreport2000">{{Cite web |title=Akamai Annual Report 2000 |url=https://www.akamai.com/content/dam/sdl-content/us/en/multimedia/documents/akamai/akamai-annual-report-2000.pdf |publisher=Akamai Technologies, Inc.}}</ref>
* On April 20, 2000,<ref name="annualreport2000" /> Akamai acquired InterVU Inc.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Richtymyer |first=Richard |date=February 7, 2000 |title=Akamai buys InterVu |publisher=CNN Money |url=https://money.cnn.com/2000/02/07/technology/akamai/ |access-date=September 23, 2014}}</ref> for 10.0&nbsp;million shares of common stock.
* On July 25, 2000, Akamai acquired CallTheShots, Inc., for an aggregate purchase price of $3.7&nbsp;million.<ref name="annualreport2000" />
* On June 10, 2005, Akamai acquired [[Speedera Networks| Speedera Networks, Inc.]] for 10.6&nbsp;million shares of Akamai common stock and options to purchase 1.7&nbsp;million shares of Akamai common stock.<ref name="annualreport2005">{{Cite web |title=Akamai Annual Report 2005 |url=https://www.akamai.com/content/dam/sdl-content/us/en/multimedia/documents/akamai/akamai-annual-report-2005.pdf |publisher=Akamai Technologies, Inc.}}</ref>
* On December 13, 2006, Akamai acquired Nine Systems, Inc.,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kawamoto |first=Dawn |date=November 20, 2006 |title=Akamai to buy Nine Systems |url=http://news.cnet.com/Akamai-to-buy-Nine-Systems/2100-1014_3-6137171.html |access-date=September 23, 2014 |publisher=CNET News}}</ref> for an aggregate purchase price of $157.5&nbsp;million.<ref name="annualreport2006">{{Cite web |title=Akamai Annual Report 2006 |url=http://www.akamai.com/dl/investors/akamai_annual_2006.pdf |publisher=Akamai Technologies, Inc.}}</ref>
* On March 13, 2007, Akamai acquired Netli Inc. (Netli),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gross |first=Grant |date=February 5, 2007 |title=Akamai to acquire Netli for about $170&nbsp;million |url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/825890/software-akamai-to-acquire-netli-for-about-170-million.html |access-date=September 23, 2014 |publisher=NetworkWorld}}</ref> for an aggregate purchase price of $154.4&nbsp;million.
* On April 12, 2007, Akamai acquired Red Swoosh Inc.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arrington |first=Michael |date=April 12, 2007 |title=Payday for Red Swoosh: $15 million from Akamai |url=https://techcrunch.com/2007/04/12/payday-for-red-swoosh-15-million-from-akamai/ |access-date=September 23, 2014 |publisher=Tech Crunch}}</ref> for an aggregate purchase price of $18.7&nbsp;million.<ref name="annualreport2009">{{Cite web |title=Akamai Annual Report 2009 |url=http://www.akamai.com/dl/investors/akamai_annual_report_09.pdf |publisher=Akamai Technologies, Inc.}}</ref>
* On November 3, 2008, Akamai acquired aCerno Inc.,<ref name="annualreport2009" /> for an aggregate purchase price of $90.8&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaplan |first=David |date=October 21, 2008 |title=Branching Out, Akamai Acquires Ad Targeter Acerno For $95 Million |url=https://gigaom.com/2008/10/21/419-branching-out-akamai-acquires-ad-targeter-acerno-for-95-million/ |access-date=September 23, 2014 |publisher=Tech Crunch |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006115936/https://gigaom.com/2008/10/21/419-branching-out-akamai-acquires-ad-targeter-acerno-for-95-million/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* On June 10, 2010, Akamai acquired Velocitude LLC,<ref name="annualreport2010">{{Cite web |title=Akamai Annual Report 2010 |url=http://www.akamai.com/dl/investors/akamai_annual_report_10.pdf |publisher=Akamai Technologies, Inc.}}</ref> for an aggregate purchase price of $12&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boutin |first=Paul |date=June 10, 2010 |title=Akamai acquires mobile services company Velocitude |url=https://venturebeat.com/2010/06/10/akamai-velocitude/ |access-date=September 23, 2014 |publisher=VentureBeat}}</ref>
* On February 7, 2012, Akamai acquired Blaze Software, Inc.,<ref name="annualreport2012">{{Cite web |title=Akamai Annual Report 2012 |url=http://www.akamai.com/dl/investors/akamai_annual_report_12.pdf |publisher=Akamai Technologies, Inc.}}</ref> for an aggregate purchase price of $19.3&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huang |first=Gregory T. |date=February 8, 2012 |title=Akamai Buys Blaze as Web Optimization Heats Up in Boston |url=http://www.xconomy.com/boston/2012/02/08/akamai-buys-blaze-as-web-optimization-heats-up-in-boston/ |access-date=September 23, 2014 |publisher=Xconomy}}</ref>
* On March 6, 2012, Akamai acquired Cotendo, Inc.,<ref name="annualreport2012" /> for an aggregate purchase price of $278.9&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wauters |first=Robin |date=December 22, 2011 |title=Done Deal – Akamai Buys Rival Cotendo For $268 Million |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/12/22/done-deal-akamai-buys-rival-cotendo-for-268-million/ |access-date=September 23, 2014 |publisher=Tech Crunch}}</ref>
* On September 13, 2012, Akamai acquired FastSoft, Inc.,<ref name="annualreport2012" /> for an aggregate purchase price of $14.4&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McCarthy |first=Maureen |date=September 14, 2012 |title=Akamai Technologies snaps up FastSoft |publisher=Boston Business Journal |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/blog/mass-high-tech/2012/09/akamai-technologies-snaps-up-fastsoft.html?page=all |access-date=September 23, 2014}}</ref>
* On December 4, 2012, Akamai acquired Verivue, Inc.,<ref name="annualreport2012" /> for an aggregate purchase price of $30.9&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Whittaker |first=Zack |date=November 13, 2012 |title=Akamai expands digital content delivery network, acquires Verivue |url=https://www.zdnet.com/home-and-office/networking/akamai-expands-digital-content-delivery-network-acquires-verivue/ |access-date=September 23, 2014 |publisher=ZDNet}}</ref>
* On November 8, 2013, Akamai acquired Velocius Networks<ref name="annualreport2013">{{Cite web |title=Akamai Annual Report 2013 |url=http://www.akamai.com/dl/investors/akamai-annual-report-2013.pdf |publisher=Akamai Technologies, Inc.}}</ref> for an aggregate purchase price of  $4.3&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dignan |first=Larry |date=November 11, 2013 |title=Akamai buys Velocious Networks |url=https://www.zdnet.com/home-and-office/networking/akamai-buys-velocius-networks/ |access-date=September 23, 2014 |publisher=ZDNet}}</ref>
* In February 2014, Akamai acquired [[information security|cyber security]] provider [[Prolexic Technologies]]<ref name="annualreport2013" /> for an aggregate purchase price of $390&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lunden |first=Ingrid |date=December 2, 2013 |title=Akamai Buys DDoS Prevention Specialist Prolexic For $370M To Ramp Up Security Offerings For Enterprises |url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/12/02/akamai-buys-ddos-prevention-specialist-prolexic-for-370m-to-ramp-up-security-offerings/ |access-date=September 23, 2014 |publisher=TechCrunch}}</ref>
* In February 2015, Akamai acquired Xerocole Inc., a domain name system technology company.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Castellanos |first=Sara |date=March 2, 2015 |title=Akamai Technologies acquires Colorado domain name system tech firm Xerocole |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/blog/techflash/2015/03/akamai-technologies-acquires-colorado-domain-name.html |access-date=September 20, 2015}}</ref>
* On April 6, 2015, Akamai acquired Octoshape, a cloud OTT IPTV service provider,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Media Delivery Solutions for Streaming Video and Software Delivery - Akamai |url=https://www.akamai.com/us/en/products/media-delivery/ |website=www.akamai.com}}</ref> for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akamai Acquires Octoshape to Optimize Streaming Video - 040615 - Akamai |url=https://www.akamai.com/us/en/about/news/press/2015-press/akamai-acquires-octoshape.jsp |website=www.akamai.com}}</ref>
* On November 2, 2015, Akamai acquired Bloxx, a provider of Secure Web Gateway (SWG) technology,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bloxx - Real Time Web & Email Filtering |url=http://www.bloxx.com/ |website=www.bloxx.com}}</ref> for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akamai Acquires Bloxx for Cloud Security - Akamai |url=https://www.akamai.com/us/en/about/news/press/2015-press/akamai-acquires-bloxx-for-cloud-security.jsp |website=www.akamai.com}}</ref>
* On September 28, 2016, Akamai acquired Concord Systems, a provider of technology for the high performance processing of data at scale,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Concord: Concord.io |url=http://concord.io/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161217041717/http://concord.io/ |archive-date=December 17, 2016 |access-date=January 6, 2017}}</ref> for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akamai Acquires Data Processing Provider Concord Systems - Akamai |url=https://www.akamai.com/uk/en/about/news/press/2016-press/akamai-acquires-data-processing-provider-concord-systems.jsp |website=www.akamai.com}}</ref>
* On October 4, 2016, Akamai acquired Soha Systems, an enterprise secure access delivered as a service provider,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Secure Application Access - Akamai |url=https://www.akamai.com/us/en/solutions/why-akamai/secure-application-access.jsp |website=www.akamai.com}}</ref> for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akamai Acquires Soha Systems for Secure Remote Access to Enterprise Applications - Akamai |url=https://www.akamai.com/uk/en/about/news/press/2016-press/akamai-acquires-soha-systems-for-secure-remote-access-to-enterprise-applications.jsp |website=www.akamai.com}}</ref>
* On December 19, 2016, Akamai acquired Cyberfend, a bot and automation detection solutions provider,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bot Manager - Akamai |url=https://www.akamai.com/us/en/products/cloud-security/bot-manager.jsp |website=www.akamai.com}}</ref> for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{Cite web |title=about/news/press/2016-press/akamai-acquires-cyberfend.jsp |url=https://www.akamai.com/us/en/about/news/press/2016-press/akamai-acquires-cyberfend.jsp |website=www.akamai.com}}</ref>
* On March 29, 2017, Akamai acquired [[SOASTA]], a digital performance management company based in [[Mountain View, CA]], for an undisclosed all-cash amount.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 29, 2017 |title=Akamai agrees to acquire SOASTA |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/brief-akamai-agrees-to-acquire-soasta/brief-akamai-agrees-to-acquire-soasta-idUSASB0B7JU |access-date=October 11, 2017}}</ref>
* On October 11, 2017, Akamai acquired Nominum, a carrier-grade DNS and DHCP provider and one of the major players in the creation of the modern [[DNS]], for an undisclosed all-cash amount.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 11, 2017 |title=Akamai agrees to acquire Nominum |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/brief-akamai-agrees-to-acquire-nominum/brief-akamai-agrees-to-acquire-nominum-idUSASB0BMNZ |access-date=October 11, 2017}}</ref>
* On January 24, 2019, Akamai acquired [[Customer Identity Access Management|CIAM]] provider [[Janrain]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akamai Completes Acquisition Of Customer Identity Access Management Company Janrain Inc. |url=https://www.akamai.com/us/en/about/news/press/2019-press/akamai-completes-acquisition-of-customer-identity-access-management-company-janrain-inc.jsp |access-date=December 6, 2020 |website=www.Akamai.com}}</ref>
* In October 2019, Akamai agreed to acquire security software provider ChameleonX for $20&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akamai Technologies Announces Acquisition Of ChameleonX - Quick Facts {{!}} Markets Insider |url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/akamai-technologies-announces-acquisition-of-chameleonx-quick-facts-1028586770 |access-date=March 20, 2020 |website=markets.businessinsider.com |publisher=Insider Inc. and finanzen.net GmbH (Imprint) |via=RTTNews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akamai Technologies Announces Acquisition Of ChameleonX - Quick Facts |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/akamai-technologies-announces-acquisition-of-chameleonx-quick-facts-2019-10-09 |access-date=March 20, 2020 |website=www.nasdaq.com |publisher=Nasdaq, Inc |language=en |via=RTTNews}}</ref>
*On October 27, 2020, Akamai acquired IoT and mobile security provider Asavie.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akamai Technologies Advances 5G Security Strategy With Acquisition Of Asavie |url=https://www.akamai.com/us/en/about/news/press/2020-press/akamai-advances-5g-security-strategy-with-acquisition-of-asavie.jsp}}</ref>
*On February 1, 2021, Akamai acquired Inverse Inc. a Montreal Canadian based security company making an [[open source]] [[Network access control|network access controller (NAC)]] called [[PacketFence]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akamai Technologies Acquires Inverse Inc., Adds To Zero Trust Security Platform |url=https://www.akamai.com/us/en/about/news/press/2021-press/akamai-acquires-inverse-adds-to-zero-trust-security-platform.jsp |access-date=2021-06-22}}</ref>
*On September 29, 2021, Akamai Technologies acquired Guardicore for $600&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mirchevska |first=Sara |date=2021-10-04 |title=Akamai Technologies Acquires Guardicore in A$600 Million Worth Deal |url=https://hostadvice.com/news/akamai-technologies-acquires-guardicore-in-a-600-million-worth-deal/ |publisher=HostAdvice}}</ref>
*On February 15, 2022, Akamai acquired [[Linode]] for $900&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-15 |title=Akamai To Acquire Linode to Provide Businesses with a Developer-friendly and Massively-distributed Platform to Build, Run and Secure Next Generation Applications |url=https://www.akamai.com/newsroom/press-release/akamai-to-acquire-linode |publisher=Akamai}}</ref>
*On May 7, 2024, Akamai announced its intent to acquire API Security vendor ''[[:he:Noname Security|Noname Security]]'' for $450 million.<ref>{{cite web |title=Akamai to Acquire API Protection Startup Noname Security for $450 Million |url=https://www.securityweek.com/akamai-to-acquire-api-protection-startup-noname-security-for-450-million/ |website=SecurityWeek |date=2024-05-07 |accessdate=2024-05-16}}</ref> The deal was completed on June 25, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Akamai doubles down on API security with Noname acquisition |url=https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/interview/akamai-doubles-down-on-api-security-with-noname-acquisition/2024/06/ |website=SDxCentral |date=2024-06-27 |accessdate=2024-07-24}}</ref>

== Key scientific publications ==

These papers in scientific conferences and journals describe Akamai's technology in greater detail:

* [https://www.akamai.com/uk/en/multimedia/documents/technical-publication/consistent-hashing-and-random-trees-distributed-caching-protocols-for-relieving-hot-spots-on-the-world-wide-web-technical-publication.pdf Karger, D., Lehman, E., Leighton, T., Panigrahy, R., Levine, M., Lewin, D. Consistent Hashing and Random Trees: Distributed Caching Protocols for Relieving Hot Spots on the World Wide Web. ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 1997, pp. 654–663.]
* [https://people.cs.umass.edu/~ramesh/Site/PUBLICATIONS_files/DMPPSW02.pdf J. Dilley, B. Maggs, J. Parikh, H. Prokop, R. Sitaraman, and B. Weihl. "Globally Distributed Content Delivery", ''IEEE Internet Computing'', September/October 2002, pp. 50–58.]
* [http://www.sigcomm.org/sites/default/files/ccr/papers/2015/July/0000000-0000009.pdf Bruce Maggs and Ramesh Sitaraman. "Algorithmic nuggets in content delivery".  ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review'', Volume=45, Issue=3, 2015.'']
* [https://people.cs.umass.edu/~ramesh/Site/PUBLICATIONS_files/eum_embedded.pdf F. Chen, R. Sitaraman, and M. Torres. "End-User Mapping: Next Generation Request Routing for Content Delivery". ACM SIGCOMM conference'', Aug 2015.'']
* [https://groups.cs.umass.edu/ramesh/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/07/sigcomm2020-final289.pdf Kyle Schomp, Onkar Bhardwaj, Eymen Kurdoglu, Mashooq Muhaimen, and Ramesh K. Sitaraman. "Akamai DNS: Providing Authoritative Answers to the World's Queries", ``ACM SIGCOMM conference'', Aug 2020.'']
*[https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~xia/resources/Documents/gillman_ieee15.pdf D. Gillman, Y. Lin, B. Maggs and R. K. Sitaraman. "Protecting Websites from Attack with Secure Delivery Networks", IEEE Computer'', vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 26–34, Apr. 2015.'']

== See also ==
{{Portal|Companies}}

* ''[[Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc.]]''

{{Clear}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}
{{Finance links
| name = Akamai Technologies, Inc.
| symbol = AKAM
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| google = AKAM:NASDAQ
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