Editing Alexander Woollcott

{{short description|American drama critic and commentator (1887–1943)}}
{{Infobox writer <!-- For more information see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]]. --> 
| name          = Alexander Woollcott
| image         = Alexander Woollcott (1939).jpg
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| caption       = Woollcott in 1939, photographed by [[Carl Van Vechten]]
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| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1887|01|19}}
| birth_place   = [[Colts Neck Township, New Jersey]], U.S.
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1943|01|23|1887|01|19}}
| death_place   = New York City, U.S.
| resting_place = [[Hamilton College (New York)|Hamilton College]], New York
| occupation    = {{hlist|[[Theatre|Drama]] [[critic]]|essayist|playwright|editor|actor|raconteur|radio personality}} 
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| education     = 
| alma_mater    = Hamilton College
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| spouse        = 
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| children      = 
| relatives     = [[William W. Woollcott]] (brother)
| influences    = 
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'''Alexander Humphreys Woollcott''' (January 19, 1887 – January 23, 1943) was an American drama critic for The New York Times and the New York Herald, critic and  commentator for ''[[The New Yorker]]'' magazine, a member of the [[Algonquin Round Table]], an occasional actor and playwright, and a prominent radio personality.

Woollcott was the inspiration for two fictional characters. The first was Sheridan Whiteside, the caustic but charming main character in the play ''[[The Man Who Came to Dinner]]'' (1939) by [[George S. Kaufman]] and [[Moss Hart]],<ref name=Levant>[[Oscar Levant]], ''[[The Unimportance of Being Oscar]]'', Pocket Books 1969 (reprint of G.P. Putnam 1968), p. 81. {{ISBN|0-671-77104-3}}.</ref> later made into a [[The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942 film)|film]] in 1942. The second was the snobbish, vitriolic columnist Waldo Lydecker in the novel ''[[Laura (novel)|Laura]]'', later made into a [[Laura (1944 film)|film]] in 1944. Woollcott was convinced he was the inspiration for his friend [[Rex Stout|Rex Stout's]] brilliant, eccentric detective [[Nero Wolfe]], an idea that Stout denied.<ref>McAleer, John, ''Rex Stout: A Biography''. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1977, {{ISBN|0-316-55340-9}} page 247. {{"'}}In September 1935 Woollcott phoned Rex and invited him to dinner at the Lambs' Club. Until then the two men had never met. Woollcott wanted to meet Rex because he had just read ''[[The League of Frightened Men]]'' and was convinced the character of Wolfe was modeled on himself.' Woollcott refused to accept Stout's denials, and as their friendship grew he settled into the legend."</ref>

==Early life and education==
[[File:Woollcott-1930.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Alexander Woollcott in 1924]]
Alexander Humphreys Woollcott was the youngest of five children of William and Frances Bucklin Woollcott, born on January 19, 1887. The family lived in an 85-room house, a vast ramshackle building in [[Colts Neck Township, New Jersey]] known as "the [[North American Phalanx]]," which had once been a commune where many social experiments were carried out in the mid-19th century. When the Phalanx fell apart after a fire in 1854, it was taken over by and became the family seat of the Bucklin family, Woollcott's maternal grandparents.<ref>[[Beatrice Kaufman]], [[Joseph Hennessey]], ''The Letters of Alexander Woollcott'', New York, Viking Press (1944), Biographical Information, vii</ref>

In 1889 the itinerant and often absentee Walter Woollcott moved his family to [[Kansas City, Missouri]]. The Woollcotts lived in an upscale neighborhood where, at the age of four, Alexander portrayed the character of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] from ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' in a [[tableau vivant]] before an audience of more than 100 at the Woollcott home.<ref>The Kansas City Star, ''Tableaux on the Sward'', Kansas City, Missouri (August 21, 1891, Page 6).</ref> The six years Woollcott lived in Kansas City were transformative, and set him on the literary and theatrical path that would guide the rest of his life. His second-grade teacher, Sophie Rosenberger, who would remain a lifelong friend, considered him precocious and set him on a reading program that began with [[Louisa May Alcott]] and progressed to [[Charles Dickens]] by the time he was 8 years old. It was also in Kansas City that he experienced his first theatrical performance, [[Sinbad the Sailor]]. He was accompanied by his neighbor, [[Kansas City Times]] columnist Roswell Field, brother of famed author [[Eugene Field]]. When young Aleck discovered that journalists could get free tickets to theatrical events he decided that he, too would become a newspaper man<ref>[[Kansas City Times]], ''Franklin School Evokes Strong Memories'', Kansas City, Missouri (January 14, 1977, Page 36).</ref>

In 1895 Walter Woollcott lost the longest job he'd ever held, and sent his wife Frances and their children back to the Phalanx, where Alexander went to school and spent most of the remainder of his boyhood. He occasionally lodged in homes in [[Germantown, Philadelphia]] and attended the Germantown Combined Grammar School, and then [[Central High School (Philadelphia)|Central High School]] in Philadelphia. He had very few friends during this period and did not enjoy this chapter of his life, with the exception of summers and any time that he could get back to the Phalanx.<ref>[[Samuel Hopkins Adams]], ''Alexander Woollcott: His Life and His Work'', London, Hamish Hamilton (1946)</ref>

With the help of a family friend, he made his way through college, graduating from [[Hamilton College (New York)|Hamilton College, New York]], in 1909. Despite a rather poor reputation (his nickname was "Putrid"), he founded a drama group, edited the student literary magazine, and was accepted by a fraternity ([[Theta Delta Chi]]).

==Writing career==
Woollcott joined the staff of ''[[The New York Times]]'' as a cub reporter in 1909. In 1914, he was named drama critic and held the post until 1922, with a break for service during [[World War I]]. In April 1917, the day after war was declared, Woollcott volunteered as a private in the medical corps. Posted overseas, Woollcott was a [[sergeant]] when the [[military intelligence|intelligence]] section of the [[American Expeditionary Forces]] selected him and a half-dozen other newspaper men to create the ''[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]]'', an official newspaper to bolster troop morale. As chief reporter for the ''Stars and Stripes'', Woollcott was a member of the team that formed its editorial board. These included [[Harold Ross]], founder of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' magazine; [[Cyrus Baldridge]], multifaceted illustrator, author and writer; and the future columnist and radio personality, [[Franklin P. Adams]]. Going beyond simple propaganda, Woollcott and his colleagues reported the horrors of the Great War from the point of view of the common soldier. After the war he returned to ''The New York Times'', then transferred to the ''[[New York Herald]]'' in 1922 and to ''The World'' in 1923. He remained there until 1928.<ref>"Woollcott Dies After Heart Attack In Radio Studio During Broadcast", ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 24, 1943.</ref>

One of New York's most prolific drama critics, he was banned for a time from reviewing certain [[Broadway theater]] shows due to his florid and often vitriolic prose.<ref>Marx, Harpo, and Barber, Rowland. ''Harpo Speaks!'' New York: Limelight Editions. (2004)<!-- ISBN needed --></ref> He sued the [[Shubert Organization|Shubert theater]] organization for violation of the New York Civil Rights Act, but lost in the state's highest court in 1916 on the grounds that only discrimination on the basis of race, creed or color was unlawful.<ref>Bruce B. Klee. (1961) Woollcott vs. Shubert: Dramatic Criticism on Trial. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3204347 ''Educational Theatre Journal'', 13, 4], pp. 264–268.</ref> From 1929 to 1934, he wrote a column called "Shouts and Murmurs" for ''[[The New Yorker]]''. His book, ''[[While Rome Burns]]'', published by [[Grosset & Dunlap]] in 1934, was named twenty years later by critic [[Vincent Starrett]] as one of the 52 "Best Loved Books of the Twentieth Century".<ref>Wallace, David. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ivN7BAAAQBAJ&dq=%22While+Rome+Burns%22+%22best+loved+books%22&pg=PA168 "The Round Table"]. ''Capital of the World: A Portrait of New York City in the Roaring Twenties''. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press. p. 168. {{ISBN|978-0-7627-7010-6}}.</ref> He was interested in crime writing, promoting the work of US and British mystery authors in his newspaper articles and on the radio as well as writing on true crime, and became involved in the case of [[Stanford University Press]] employee David Lamson, who was accused of murdering his wife (prosecutors eventually dropped the case).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Reker |first1=Mary Louise |title=Making Crime Pay: Alexander Woollcott, the Algonquin Round Table, and the Aesthetics of Crime Fiction |journal=Clues: A Journal of Detection |date=2016 |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=18–31}}</ref>

Woollcott's review of the [[Marx Brothers]]' [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] debut, ''[[I'll Say She Is]]'', helped the group's career inflate from mere success to superstardom and started a lifelong friendship with [[Harpo Marx]].<ref>Charney, Maurice. [https://books.google.com/books?id=76Rvi-rxvugC&dq=%22Woollcott's+ecstatic+review%22&pg=PA46 "How Marx Brothers Developed Their Comic Characters"]. ''The Comic World of the Marx Brothers' Movies: "Anything Further Father?"''. Cranbury, NJ; Associated University Presses. p. 46. {{ISBN|978-0-8386-4124-8}}.</ref> Two of Harpo's adopted sons, Alexander Marx and [[Bill Marx (pianist)|William (Bill) Woollcott Marx]], were named after Woollcott.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marx |first1=Susan Fleming |last2=Bader |first2=Robert S. |author-link1=Susan Fleming |date=2022 |title=Speaking of Harpo |location=Guilford, CT |publisher=Applause Theatre & Cinema Books |pages=60, 79 |isbn=978-1-4930-6530-1}}</ref><ref>[[Hedda Hopper|Hopper, Hedda]]. [https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/42756282/ "Hedda Hopper's Hollywood"]. ''The Harrisburg Telegraph''. August 10, 1944. "Harpo's adopted his second son and named him Alexander Marx. His first boy is William Woollcott. He's done all right for his old friend, the late Alexander Woollcott."</ref>

==Radio==
Billed as ''The Early Bookworm'', Woollcott was first heard on [[CBS Radio]] in October 1929, reviewing books in various timeslots until 1933. His CBS show ''The Town Crier'', which began July 21, 1933, opened with the ringing of a bell and the cry, "Hear ye, hear ye!" followed by Woollcott's literary observations punctuated with acidic anecdotes. Sponsored by [[Cream of Wheat]] (1934–1935) and Grainger Tobacco (1937–1938), it continued until January 6, 1938. He had no reservations about using this forum to promote his own books, and the continual mentions of his book ''While Rome Burns'' (1934) probably helped make it a bestseller.

==Reputation==
Woollcott was one of the most quoted men of his generation. Among Woollcott's classics is his description of the [[Los Angeles]] area as "Seven suburbs in search of a city"—a quip often attributed to his friend [[Dorothy Parker]]. Describing ''[[The New Yorker]]'' editor [[Harold Ross]], he said: "He looks like a dishonest [[Abe Lincoln]]." He claimed the [[Brandy Alexander]] cocktail was named for him.

Woollcott was renowned for his savage tongue. He dismissed [[Oscar Levant]], the notable wit and pianist, by observing, "There is absolutely nothing wrong with Oscar Levant that a miracle can't fix." He often greeted friends with "Hello, Repulsive." When a waiter asked him to repeat his order, he demanded "[[muffins]] filled with [[pus]]."<ref>{{cite book | last =Herrmann | first =Dorothy | title =With Malice Toward All | publisher =G. P. Putnam's Sons | year =1982 | location =New York | pages =206–07}}</ref>

His judgments were frequently eccentric. Dorothy Parker once said: "I remember hearing Woollcott say reading [[Marcel Proust|Proust]] is like lying in someone else's dirty bath water. And then he'd go into ecstasy about something called, ''[[Valiant Is the Word for Carrie]]'', and I knew I had enough of the [[Algonquin Round Table|Round Table]]."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dorothyparker.com/nytobit.html |title=Dorothy Parker Society |access-date=2007-03-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404105348/http://dorothyparker.com/nytobit.html |archive-date=2007-04-04 }}</ref>

[[Wolcott Gibbs]], who often edited Woollcott's work at ''The New Yorker'', was quoted in [[James Thurber]]'s ''The Years with Ross'' on Woollcott's writing:

<blockquote>"Shouts and Murmurs" was about the strangest copy I ever edited. You could take every other sentence out without changing the sense a particle. Whole department, in fact, often had no more substance than a "Talk [of the Town]" anecdote. I guess he was one of the most dreadful writers who ever existed.</blockquote>

[[File:Hotel des Artistes jeh.JPG|thumb|upright|Hotel des Artistes]]

After being kicked out of the apartment he shared with ''The New Yorker'' founders [[Harold Ross]] and his wife [[Jane Grant]], Woollcott moved first into the [[Hotel des Artistes]] on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, then to an apartment at the far end of East [[52nd Street (Manhattan)|52nd Street]]. The members of the [[Algonquin Round Table]] had a debate as to what to call his new home. [[Franklin P. Adams]] suggested that he name it after the faux Indian word ''Ocowoica'', meaning "The-Little-Apartment-On-The-East-River-That-It-Is-Difficult-To-Find-A-Taxicab-Near". But [[Dorothy Parker]] came up with the definitive "Wit's End".

Woollcott yearned to be as creative as the people with whom he surrounded himself. Among many other endeavors, he tried his hand at acting and co-wrote two Broadway shows with playwright [[George S. Kaufman]], while appearing in two others. He also starred as Sheridan Whiteside, for whom he was the inspiration, in the traveling production of ''[[The Man Who Came to Dinner]]'' in 1940.<ref name=Levant/> He also appeared in several cameos in films in the late 1930s and 1940s. He was caricatured twice in [[Warner Brothers]] [[cartoons]] in 1937: as "Owl Kott" in ''[[The Woods Are Full of Cuckoos]]'', and as the town crier in ''[[Have You Got Any Castles?]]'', playing almost identical roles in each.

Politically, Woollcott called for normalization of [[Soviet Union–United States relations|U.S.–Soviet relations]]. He was a friend of reporter [[Walter Duranty]], even though he described him as a "man from Mars".<ref>''While Rome Burns'', The Viking Press, 1934</ref> As a friend of Soviet foreign minister [[Maxim Litvinov]], he traveled to the [[USSR]] in the 1930s and sent his friend [[Harpo Marx]] to [[Moscow]] on a comedy tour in 1934. Yet he was attacked viciously in the left-wing press after his visit to the Soviet Union for his less than laudatory depiction of the "worker's paradise".

Towards the end of Woollcott's life he semi-retired to [[Neshobe Island]] in [[Lake Bomoseen]] in [[Vermont]], which he had purchased. Shortly before he died, Woollcott claimed, "I never had anything to say."<ref>{{cite book | last =Meryman | first =Richard | author-link =Richard Meryman | title =Mank: The Wit, World, and Life of Herman Mankiewicz | publisher =William Morrow | year =1978 | location =New York | page =[https://archive.org/details/mankwitworldlife00mery/page/97 97] | isbn =9780688033569 | url =https://archive.org/details/mankwitworldlife00mery | url-access =registration}}</ref>

Thurber in ''The Years With Ross'' also reports Woollcott describing himself as "the best writer in America", but with nothing in particular to say; [[Wolcott Gibbs]] made a similar criticism of him.<ref>Kunkel, Thomas. ''Genius in Disguise : Harold Ross of the New Yorker'', Carroll and Graf, N.Y. 1995. {{ISBN|0-7867-0323-7}}. p. 391.</ref> Woollcott was primarily a storyteller, a retailer of anecdotes and superior gossip, as many of his personal letters reveal.<ref>Kaufman, Beatrice, & Kennedy, Joseph. ''The Letters of Alexander Woollcott''. N.Y., Viking, 1944.</ref> His letters also reveal a warm and generous heart and a self-effacing manner distinct from his waspish public [[persona]], and his many lasting and close friendships with the theatrical and literary elite of his day.

Woollcott was friends with actress [[Katharine Cornell]], whom he lauded as the "First Lady of the Theatre".<ref>Tad Mosel, ''Leading Lady: The World and Theatre of Katharine Cornell'' (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978)</ref> He often gave extremely favorable reviews both to her and the various productions of her husband, director [[Guthrie McClintic]].

==Personal life==
Reportedly, in his early twenties he contracted the [[mumps]], which left him mostly, if not completely, [[impotence|impotent]]. He never married or had children, although he had some notable female friends, including [[Dorothy Parker]] and [[Neysa McMein]], to whom he reportedly proposed the day after she had just wed her new husband, Jack Baragwanath. Woollcott once told McMein that "I'm thinking of writing the story of our life together. The title is already settled." McMein: "What is it?" Woollcott: "Under Separate Cover."<ref>{{cite book|last=Adams|first=Samuel Hopkins|title=A. Woollcott: His Life and His World|url=https://archive.org/details/awoollcotthislif00adam|url-access=registration|publisher=Reynal & Hitchcock|year=1945|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/awoollcotthislif00adam/page/287 287]}}</ref>

==Death and legacy==
Woollcott appeared on his last radio broadcast on January 23, 1943,<ref>"Forum To Air Cure For Nazis: Woollcott, Others on Roundtable at 6", ''Wisconsin State Journal'', January 23, 1943, p6</ref> as a participant in a [[Writers' War Board]] panel discussion on the [[CBS Radio]] program ''The People's Platform'' marking the tenth anniversary of [[Adolf Hitler]]'s rise to power, entitled "Is Germany Incurable?"

Other panelists included Hunter College president George Shuster, Brooklyn College president [[Harry Gideonse]], and novelists [[Rex Stout]] and [[Marcia Davenport]]. The program's format began as a dinner party in the studio's private dining room, with the microphones in place. Table talk would lead into a live network radio broadcast, and each panelist would begin with a provocative response to the topic. "The German people are just as responsible for Hitler as the people of Chicago are for the Chicago ''Tribune''", Woollcott stated emphatically.<ref>McAleer, John, ''Rex Stout: A Biography'', pp. 318–319</ref>

In visible distress, Woollcott commented ten minutes into the broadcast that he was feeling ill, but continued his remarks. "It's a fallacy to think that Hitler was the cause of the world's present woes", he said. "Germany was the cause of Hitler."<ref>"Wit's End", ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', February 1, 1943</ref> He said nothing further, but reportedly took a notepad and wrote the words, "I am sick." The radio audience remained unaware that Woollcott had suffered a heart attack and died at New York's [[Mount Sinai West|Roosevelt Hospital]], just four days after his 56 birthday,<ref>"Woollcott Dies After Collapse", ''Wisconsin State Journal'', January 24, 1943, p. 1</ref> of a cerebral hemorrhage.<ref>[http://library.brooklyn.cuny.edu/archives/findaid/Woollcott/BioWoollcott.html Biographical Note] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619010540/http://library.brooklyn.cuny.edu/archives/findaid/Woollcott/BioWoollcott.html |date=2010-06-19 }}, Letters of Alexander Woollcott at Brooklyn College Library and Archives (retrieved May 4, 2012)</ref>

He was buried in [[Clinton, Oneida County, New York|Clinton, New York]], at his alma mater, Hamilton College, but not without some confusion. By mistake, his ashes were sent to [[Colgate University]] in [[Hamilton (village), New York|Hamilton, New York]]. When the error was corrected and the ashes were forwarded to Hamilton College, they arrived with 67¢ [[postage due]].<ref>Christine Quigley, ''The Corpse: A History'', (McFarland Press, 1996) p. 101</ref>

==''As You Were''==
At the time of his death, Woollcott had completed the editorial work on his last book, ''As You Were'', an anthology of fiction, poetry and nonfiction for members of the armed forces. The idea of creating a much-needed "knapsack book" for service members reportedly came to Woollcott while he was staying at the White House in November 1942. An experienced anthologist, he drew on the knowledge of soldiers' reading preferences he gained while he was editor of ''[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]]'' during World War I, and also asked for nominations from friends including [[Stephen Vincent Benét]], [[Carl Sandburg]] and [[Mark Van Doren]].

Like his final radio broadcast, ''As You Were'' was a contribution to the war for which Woollcott waived all royalties and planned to donate profits to welfare organizations. The book was published by the [[Viking Press]] in March 1943.<ref>Stevens, Austin, "Notes on Books and Authors"; ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 7, 1943</ref>

==Broadway==
*''Wine of Choice'' (play, comedy) Starring: Alexander Woollcott as Binkie Niebuhr (February 21, 1938 – March 1938)
*''[[The Dark Tower (play)|The Dark Tower]]'' (play, melodrama) Written by Alexander Woollcott & [[George S. Kaufman]] (November 25, 1933 – January 1934)
*''Brief Moment'' (play, comedy) Alexander Woollcott as Harold Sigrift (November 9, 1931 – February 1932)
*''The Channel Road'' (play, comedy) Written by Alexander Woollcott & [[George S. Kaufman]] (October 17, 1929 – December 1929)

==Films==
*''Mr. W's Little Game'' (1934) Woollcott's only short subject, set in a nightclub. The peevish "Mr. W." grudgingly plays a word game with a blonde ([[Marion Martin]], in her first film) and a waiter ([[Leo G. Carroll]]).
*''[[Gift of Gab (film)|Gift of Gab]]'' (1934) Alexander Woollcott appeared in a cameo in this Universal Pictures feature.
*''[[The Scoundrel (1935 film)|The Scoundrel]]'' (1935) This Oscar-winning film was made by Woollcott's friends [[Ben Hecht]] and [[Charles MacArthur]], and starred longtime Woollcott friend [[Noël Coward]]. Woollcott appeared in a supporting role.
*''[[Babes on Broadway]]'' (1941) Woollcott has a cameo in this [[Mickey Rooney]]–[[Judy Garland]] musical.
*''[[The Gold Rush]]'' (1942 re-release) In the opening credits can be found "Dedicated to Alexander Woollcott in appreciation of his praise of this picture."

==Film portrayal==
Woollcott was portrayed by the actor [[Earl Montgomery (actor)|Earl Montgomery]] in the 1962 film ''[[Act One (film)|Act One]]'', by the actor [[Jock Livingston (actor)|Jock Livingston]] in the 1968 musical film ''[[Star! (film)|Star!]]'', by the actor Tom Clancy in the 1979 NBC TV miniseries '' [[Backstairs at the White House]]'' , and by the actor [[Tom McGowan]] in the 1994 film ''[[Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle]]''.

==Books==
{{Original research|section|date=January 2021}}
*''Mrs Fiske: Her views on Actors, Acting and the Problems of Production'' (1917) – [[Mrs. Fiske|Minnie Maddern Fiske]] (1865–1932) was one of the foremost actresses of her day. Woollcott's first book is a study of her thoughts on the acting profession.
*''The Command is Forward'' (1919) – A collection of his reportage and essays from ''[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]]''.
*''Shouts and Murmurs'' (1922) – Theatre articles. His column in ''[[The New Yorker]]'' was named after this book. ''The New Yorker'' revived the title as a catch-all for humorous pieces in the 1990s.
*''Mr. Dickens Goes to the Play'' (1922) – A few chapters by Woollcott on [[Charles Dickens]]'s love of the theatre and a great many reprinted selections from Dickens's writings.
*''Enchanted Aisles'' (1924) – More theatre articles.
*''The Story of [[Irving Berlin]]'' (1925) – The [[rags-to-riches]] story of the composer.
*''Going to Pieces'' (1928) – More stories of Woollcott's friends in and out of the theatre.
*''Two Gentlemen and a Lady'' (1928) – A short book about dogs.
*''While Rome Burns'' (1934) – Assorted pieces reprinted in book form.
*''The Woollcott Reader'' (1935) – An anthology of works by other writers that Woollcott felt deserved the public's attention.
*''Woollcott's Second Reader'' (1937) – More of the same.
*''Long, Long Ago'' (1943) – Issued just after his death.
*''As You Were'' (1943) – An anthology of other people's works, compiled by Woollcott for issue to servicemen in the Second World War.
*''The Letters of Alexander Woollcott'' (1944) – A collection of his voluminous correspondence compiled by Beatrice Kaufman and Joe Hennessey.
*''The Portable Woollcott'' (1946) – An anthology.

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography}}
* ''[[Have You Got Any Castles?]]'' – 1938 Warner Bros. [[Merrie Melodies]] cartoon featuring a caricature of Woollcott as "The Town Crier". Woollcott requested that the scenes featuring his caricature be cut for re-distribution after his death, but they were later restored to the film and the complete short is available on DVD.
* Woollcott may have been a member of the [[Fortean Society]].
* ''[[The Woods Are Full of Cuckoos]]'' – 1937 Warner Bros. [[Merrie Melodies]] cartoon features an owl caricature of Woollcott{{citation needed|date=November 2021| reason=Need a source that Owlcott is based on Woollcott.}} (appropriately named "Owlcott") opening and closing the "Woodland Community Swing".

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [[Howard Teichmann|Teichmann, Howard]]. (1976). ''Smart Aleck: The Wit, World and Life of Alexander Woollcott''. New York: William Morrow and Company. {{ISBN|978-0-688-03034-6}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Alexander Woollcott}}
{{wikisource author}}
{{wikiquote}}
* {{gutenberg author| id=5794| name=Alexander Woollcott}}
* {{FadedPage|id=Woollcott, Alexander|name=Alexander Woollcott|author=yes}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Alexander Woollcott}}
* {{IBDB name}}
* {{IMDb name|0941233}}
* [http://www.dorothyparker.com/walk.html Algonquin Round Table Walking Tours] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217193541/http://www.dorothyparker.com/walk.html |date=2007-02-17 }}
* [http://www.davidpietrusza.com/great-radio-hoax.html The Great Radio Hoax of 1935] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114170450/http://www.davidpietrusza.com/great-radio-hoax.html |date=2020-01-14 }}
* [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL.Hough:hou00746 Guide to Alexander Woollcott's correspondence, MS Am 1449], at Houghton Library, Harvard University
* [http://www.oldmagazinearticles.com/article-summary/editor_harold_ross_ww1_stars_and_stripes_world_war_one#.Xs6dZWhKizn Woollcott's profile of Harold Ross (N.Y. ''Tribune'', 1919)]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Woollcott, Alexander}}
[[Category:1887 births]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American journalists]]
[[Category:American male journalists]]
[[Category:American columnists]]
[[Category:American radio personalities]]
[[Category:American theater critics]]
[[Category:Hamilton College (New York) alumni]]
[[Category:People from Red Bank, New Jersey]]
[[Category:The New Yorker people]]
[[Category:Algonquin Round Table]]
[[Category:Central High School (Philadelphia) alumni]]
[[Category:Military personnel from New Jersey]]
[[Category:United States Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:United States Army non-commissioned officers]]