Editing All fifths tuning

{{short description|Guitar tuning}}
{{Infobox Regular tuning
|regular_tuning_name = All fifths
|image_top =All fifths tuning in the chromatic circle.png
|caption_top = The consecutive [[open note|open-note]]s of all-fifths tuning are each spaced seven [[semitone]]s apart on the [[chromatic circle]].
|other_names = Perfect-fifths tuning
|interval= [[Perfect fifth]]
|semitones = 7
|examples= C-G-d-a-e'-b' or G'-D-A-e-b-f{{music|sharp}}'
|advanced = TRUE
|repetition = No
|other_instruments = [[violin]], [[cello]], [[mandolin]], [[tenor banjo]]
|advantages = Wide range; natural for concert stringed-instrument music
|disadvantages = Difficult to play standard-guitar music
|lefty = [[All-fourths tuning]]
|guitarist = [[Carl Kress]]
|guitarist_image=Carl Kress, June 1947 (Gottlieb 13331).jpg
|guitarist_caption=[[Carl Kress]] played jazz with all-fifths tuning.
}}
<!-- [[File:All fifths tuning in the chromatic circle.png|right|thumb|The consecutive open-notes of all-fifths tuning are spaced seven semi-tones apart on the chromatic circle.]] -->
[[Image:Tuning ADGBE5 ADGBE0.svg|right|thumb|alt=A fretboard with line-segments connecting the successive open-string notes of the standard tuning|In the ''standard'' guitar-tuning, one major-third interval is interjected amid four perfect-fourth intervals. In each ''regular'' tuning, all string successions have the same interval; all-fifths tuning has perfect fifths between all string successions.]]
[[Image:All fifths tuning.png|thumb|right|All-fifths tuning.]]

Among [[guitar tunings]], '''all-fifths tuning''' refers to the set of tunings in which each [[interval (music)|interval]] between consecutive [[open string (music)|open string]]s is a [[perfect&nbsp;fifth]]. All-fifths tuning is also called '''fifths''',  '''perfect fifths''', or '''mandoguitar'''.<ref>{{harvtxt |Sethares |2001 |loc="The mandoguitar tuning" 62–63}}: {{cite book |chapter=Regular tunings |title=Alternate tuning guide |first=Bill |last=Sethares |author-link=William Sethares |year=2001 |pages=52–67 |url=http://sethares.engr.wisc.edu/alternatetunings/regulartunings.pdf |publisher=University of Wisconsin; Department of Electrical Engineering|location=Madison, Wisconsin |access-date=19 May 2012 |id=[http://sethares.engr.wisc.edu/alternatetunings/alltunings.pdf 2010 ''Alternate tuning guide'', including a revised chapter on regular tunings]}}</ref> The conventional "[[standard tuning]]" consists of [[perfect fourth]]s and a single major third between the ''g'' and ''b'' strings:
:E-A-d-g-b-e'
All-fifths tuning has the set of open strings
:C-G-d-a-e'-b' or G'-D-A-e-b-f{{music|sharp}}',
which have intervals of 3 octaves minus a half-step between the lowest and highest string. The conventional tuning has an interval of 2 octaves between lowest and highest string.

All-fifths tuning is a tuning in intervals of [[perfect fifth]]s like that of a [[mandolin]] or a [[violin]]. It has a wide range. It was used by jazz guitarist [[Carl Kress]] in the form
: B{{music|flat}}'-F-c-g-d'-a'.<ref>Page 92. Richard Lieberson, "Swing guitar: The acoustic chordal style", pages 89-112. ''The Guitar in Jazz: An Anthology'', Edited by James Sallis. 1996. 978-0-8032-4250-0</ref>

==An approximation: new standard tuning==
All-fifths tuning has been approximated with tunings that avoid the high b' replacing it with a g' in the [[New Standard Tuning]] of [[King&nbsp;Crimson]]'s [[Robert&nbsp;Fripp]], which has been taught in [[Guitar Craft]] courses.<ref>{{citation|title=Robert&nbsp;Fripp: From crimson&nbsp;king to crafty&nbsp;master |first=Eric |last=Tamm |author-link=Eric Tamm (musicologist) |url=http://www.progressiveears.com/frippbook/ch10.htm |year=2003 |orig-year=1990 |publisher=Faber and Faber (1990) |isbn=0-571-16289-4 |edition=Progressive Ears |id=[http://www.erictamm.com/rf.zip Zipped Microsoft Word Document] |access-date=25 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026180438/http://www.progressiveears.com/frippbook/ch10.htm |archive-date=26 October 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Zwerdling">{{cite journal |first=Daniel |last=Zwerdling |author-link=Daniel Zwerdling |location=Washington DC |title=California Guitar Trio |edition=NPR Weekend |journal=[[All Things Considered]] |publisher=[[National Public Radio]] |access-date=25 March 2012 |date=5 September 1998 |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1006483}}.</ref> Guitar Craft, which has been succeeded by Guitar Circle, has taught Fripp's tuning to 3,000 students.<ref name="Fripp11">{{harvtxt |Fripp |2011 |p=3}}: {{cite book |last=Fripp |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Fripp |title=Seven Guitar Craft themes: Definitive scores for guitar ensemble |publisher=Partitas Music |year=2011 |editor-first=Horacio |editor-last=Pozzo |url=http://partitasmusic.com/ |id=[[International Standard Music Number|ISMN]]&nbsp;979-0-9016791-7-7. [[Discipline Global Mobile|DGM]]&nbsp;[[Stock-keeping unit|Sku]]&nbsp;partitas001 |edition=First limited |others="Original transcriptions by Curt Golden", "Layout scores and tablatures: Ariel Rzezak and Theo Morresi"}}</ref>

==An approximation: through the looking glass guitar==
All-fifths tuning has been approximated with tunings in the Through The Looking Glass Guitar<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/JP6709929B2/ja?oq=6709929|title=日本特許第6709929号　【発明の名称】弦楽器　【特許権者】中野　圭|accessdate=2023-06-30|website=patents.google.com}}</ref> of Kei Nakano, which has been played by him since 2015.
This new tuning is like a mirror to all kinds of string instruments including guitar.
Also it can adapt to any other tunings of guitar.
If tuned to normal guitar for the right handed person, it is able to use for lefty guitar in general, and vice versa.

==An approximation: fifths with a unison pair for standard string sets ==

This tuning combines the wide 5th intervals with the possibility of close intervals that allows the pair of unison 3rd and 2nd strings (A). When playing in unison, this tuning  also allow a chorus-like effect similar to the sound that the unison produces in 12 string guitars, but in a much smaller scale. 

It was developed to be used with a standard set of strings, for example a hybrid set of 0.9 strings, and without lowering too much the range of the electric guitar.  It has a range that starts from two tones lower than the standard E tuning (C2 instead of E2) for the 6th string, but the 1st string is tuned to the same note (E4). It also shares the 4th string tuning (D3) with the E standard tuning.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b06YKkIFGyA |title=CGDAAE Guitar Tuning (Fifths/Unison) - Strat in Series - Finger-picking and melodic playing demo |language=en |access-date=2024-05-13 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref>

C-G-D-A-A-E

==Relation with all-fourths tuning==
[[File:All fourths tuning in the chromatic circle.png|right|thumb|The consecutive [[open&nbsp;note]]s of all-fourths tuning are spaced apart by five semitones, reversing the ordering of all-fifths tuning (with seven semitones).]]
{{Main|Regular tunings#Left-handed involution}}

All-fifths tuning is closely related to [[all-fourths tuning]]. All-fifths tuning is based on the [[perfect&nbsp;fifth]] (the [[interval (music)|interval]] with seven [[semitone]]s), and all-fourths tuning is based on the [[perfect&nbsp;fourth]] (five semitones). The perfect-fifth and perfect-fourth intervals are [[inverse interval|inversions]] of one another, and the chords of all-fourth and all-fifths are paired as [[inverted chord]]s. Consequently, chord charts for all-fourths tunings may be used for left-handed all-fifths tuning.<ref>{{harvtxt|Sethares|2001|p=53}}</ref>

==See also==

*[[All fourths]]
*[[Perfect fifth]]
*[[Guitar tunings]]

==Notes==
<references/>

==References==
* {{cite web|title=Alternate tuning guide|first=William A.|last=Sethares|year=2011|url=http://sethares.engr.wisc.edu/alternatetunings/alternatetunings.html|publisher=University of Wisconsin; Department of Electrical Engineering|location=Madison, Wisconsin|access-date=19 May 2012|id=[http://sethares.engr.wisc.edu/alternatetunings/alltunings.pdf 2010 PDF version by Bill&nbsp;Sethares]}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book
 | title = The guitar handbook
 | first = Ralph
 | last = Denyer
 | others = Special contributors Isaac&nbsp;Guillory and Alastair&nbsp;M.&nbsp;Crawford
 | pages = 158–159
 | chapter=Playing the guitar: Alternative tunings
 | isbn = 0-330-32750-X
 | location = London and Sydney
 | publisher = Pan Books
 | edition= Fully revised and updated
 | year = 1992
}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060404174849/http://www.guitar-school-online.com/lesson26.html Guitar Tunings - Guitar School Online]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121129223821/http://www.tkinstruments.com/5ths_tuned_guitar_and_bass.htm Entering The Fifth Dimension]

{{Guitar tunings|Regular}}

[[Category:Regular guitar-tunings]]