Editing Alpha Leporis

{{Short description|Brightest star in the constellation Lepus}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2013}} 
{{Starbox begin
| name=α Leporis
}}
{{Starbox image
 | image=
{{Location mark
|image=Lepus constellation map.svg|alt=|float=center|width=280
|label=|position=right
|mark=Red circle.svg|mark_width=14|mark_link=α Lep
|x=530|y=474
}}
|caption=Location of α Leporis (circled)
}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch    = J2000
| ra       = {{RA|05|32|43.81612}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| dec      = {{DEC|&minus;17|49|20.2414}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| appmag_v = 2.589<ref name=sps1966/>
| constell = [[Lepus (constellation)|Lepus]]
}}
{{Starbox character
| class    = F0&nbsp;Ib<ref name=aj121_4_2148/>
| b-v      = +0.2<ref name="thomas2018"/>
| u-b      = +0.386<ref name=sps1966/>
| variable = 
| type = [[Blue loop]] ([[yellow supergiant]])<ref name=cno/>
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v = +23.9<ref name=rgcrv/>
| prop_mo_ra  = +3.56<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| prop_mo_dec = +1.18<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| parallax = 1.47
| p_error  = 0.14
| parallax_footnote =<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| dist_footnote = <ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| absmag_v = -5.7<ref name="giridhar2013"/>
}}
{{Starbox detail
| mass     = {{val|13.9|0.8}}<ref name=mnras402_2_1369/>
| radius   = {{Solar radius calculator|type=AD|1.77|0.68}}<ref name=lang2006/>
| luminosity  = {{val|30,502|3111|fmt=commas}}<ref name=tycho-gaia/>
| temperature = 7,253 or 7,290<ref name=luck/>
| metal_fe = +0.01–0.06<ref name=luck/>
| gravity  = {{val|1.34|0.07}}<ref name=mnras402_2_1369/>
| rotational_velocity = 13–21<ref name="thomas2018"/>
| age_myr  = 13<ref name=mnras402_2_1369/>
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names = Arneb, [[Flamsteed designation|11]]&nbsp;Leporis, [[Bonner Durchmusterung|BD]]−17°1166, [[FK5]]&nbsp;207, [[Henry Draper catalogue|HD]]&nbsp;36673, [[Hipparcos catalogue|HIP]]&nbsp;25985, [[Harvard Revised catalogue|HR]]&nbsp;1865, [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog|SAO]]&nbsp;150547
}}
{{Starbox reference
|Simbad=Alpha+Leporis
}}
{{Starbox end}}

'''Alpha Leporis''' ('''α Leporis''', abbreviated '''Alpha Lep''', '''α Lep'''), formally named '''Arneb''' {{IPAc-en|'|ɑr|n|E|b}},<ref name=Kunitzsch>{{cite book
  |last1=Kunitzsch |first1=Paul
  |last2=Smart |first2=Tim
  |date = 2006  |edition = 2nd rev.
  |title = A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations
  |publisher = Sky Pub |location = Cambridge, Massachusetts
  |isbn = 978-1-931559-44-7
}}</ref><ref name="IAU-CSN">{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt | title=IAU Catalog of Star Names |accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref> is the brightest [[star]] in the [[constellation]] of [[Lepus constellation|Lepus]].

== Nomenclature ==
''Alpha Leporis'' is the star's [[Bayer designation]]. The traditional name ''Arneb'' comes from the Arabic ''أرنب''  ''’arnab'' 'hare'<ref name=allen1899/> ('Lepus' is [[Latin]] for [[hare]]). In 2016, the [[International Astronomical Union]] organized a [[IAU Working Group on Star Names|Working Group on Star Names]] (WGSN)<ref name="WGSN">{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ | title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)|accessdate=22 May 2016}}</ref> to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016<ref name="WGSN1">{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf | title=Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 |accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref> included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included ''Arneb'' for this star.

In [[Chinese astronomy|Chinese]], {{lang|zh|廁}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Cè}}), meaning ''[[Three Stars (Chinese constellation)|Toilet]]'', refers to an asterism consisting of α Leporis, [[Beta Leporis|β Leporis]], [[Gamma Leporis|γ Leporis]] and [[Delta Leporis|δ Leporis]].<ref>{{in lang|zh}} ''中國星座神話'', written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN|978-986-7332-25-7}}.</ref> Consequently, the [[Chinese star names|Chinese name]] for α Leporis itself is {{lang|zh|廁一}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Cè yī}}), "the First Star of Toilet".<ref>{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_ala_alz.htm 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025110153/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_ala_alz.htm |date=2008-10-25 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.</ref>

== Properties ==
[[File:Stars1.gif|left|thumb|upright=1.1|Size comparison of the [[Sun]] and numerous stars, the largest of which is Arneb`]]
This is a massive star with about 14 times the [[solar mass|mass of the Sun]].<ref name=mnras402_2_1369/> The [[interferometer]]-measured [[angular diameter]] of this star, after correction for [[limb darkening]], is {{nowrap|1.77 ± 0.09 [[milliarcsecond|mas]]}}.<ref name=aaa431_773/> At an estimated distance of {{Convert|2218|ly|pc|abbr=off|lk=on}},<ref name=aaa474_2_653/> this yields a physical size of about 129 times the [[Solar radius|radius of the Sun]].<ref name=lang2006/> Alpha Leporis has a [[stellar classification]] of F0&nbsp;Ib,<ref name=aj121_4_2148/> with the Ib [[luminosity class]] indicating that it is a lower luminosity [[yellow supergiant]] star. Since 1943, the [[stellar spectrum|spectrum]] of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified.<ref name=baas25_1319/> The [[effective temperature]] of the outer envelope is about 7,300{{nbsp}}[[Kelvin|K]],<ref name=luck/> which gives the star a yellowish-white hue that is typical of [[F-type star]]s.<ref name=csiro/> It is an estimated 13 million years old.<ref name=mnras402_2_1369/>

Arneb is an older, dying star that has already passed through a [[red supergiant]] phase and is now contracting and heating up in the latter phases of [[stellar evolution]], in a [[blue loop]].<ref name="cno" />

==Namesakes==
[[USS Arneb (AKA-56)|USS ''Arneb'' (AKA-56)]] was a ship of the [[United States Navy]].

==References==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name=aaa474_2_653>{{cite journal | first=F. | last=van Leeuwen |date=November 2007 | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 |arxiv = 0708.1752 | s2cid=18759600 }}</ref>

<!-- <ref name=apjs99_659>{{citation | last1=Venn | first1=Kim A. | title=Atmospheric Parameters and LTE Abundances for 22 Galactic, A-Type Supergiants | journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement | volume=99 | page=659 |date=August 1995 | doi=10.1086/192201 | bibcode=1995ApJS...99..659V }}</ref> -->

<ref name=aj121_4_2148>{{citation | last1=Gray | first1=R. O. | last2=Napier | first2=M. G. | last3=Winkler | first3=L. I. | title=The Physical Basis of Luminosity Classification in the Late A-, F-, and Early G-Type Stars. I. Precise Spectral Types for 372 Stars | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=121 | issue=4 | pages=2148–2158 |date=April 2001 | doi=10.1086/319956 | bibcode=2001AJ....121.2148G | doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=rgcrv>{{citation | last1=Evans | first1=D. S. | date=June 20–24, 1966 | editor1-last=Batten | editor1-first=Alan Henry | editor2-last=Heard | editor2-first=John Frederick | contribution=The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities | title=Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications, Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 30 | volume=30 | page=57 | location=University of Toronto | publisher=[[International Astronomical Union]] | bibcode=1967IAUS...30...57E }}</ref>

<!-- <ref name=aaa393_897>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Royer | first1=F. | last2=Grenier | first2=S. | last3=Baylac | first3=M.-O. | last4=Gómez | first4=A. E. | last5=Zorec | first5=J. | title=Rotational velocities of A-type stars in the northern hemisphere. II. Measurement of v sin i | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=393 | pages=897–911 |date=October 2002 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20020943 | bibcode=2002A&A...393..897R |arxiv = astro-ph/0205255 | s2cid=14070763 }}</ref> -->

<ref name=sps1966>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Gutierrez-Moreno | first1=Adelina | last2=Moreno | first2=H. | last3=Stock | first3=J. | last4=Torres | first4=C. | last5=Wroblewski | first5=H. | title=A System of photometric standards | journal=Publications of the Department of Astronomy University of Chile | publisher=Publicaciones Universidad de Chile, Department de Astronomy | volume=1 | pages=1–17 | date=1966 | bibcode=1966PDAUC...1....1G }}</ref>

<ref name=mnras402_2_1369>{{cite journal | display-authors=1 | last1=Lyubimkov | first1=Leonid S. | last2=Lambert | first2=David L. | last3=Rostopchin | first3=Sergey I. | last4=Rachkovskaya | first4=Tamara M. | last5=Poklad | first5=Dmitry B.
 | title=Accurate fundamental parameters for A-, F- and G-type Supergiants in the solar neighbourhood | journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] | volume=402 | issue=2 | pages=1369–1379 |date=February 2010 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15979.x | doi-access=free | bibcode=2010MNRAS.402.1369L |arxiv = 0911.1335 | s2cid=119096173 }}</ref>

<ref name=tycho-gaia>
{{citation |last1=McDonald |first1=I. |last2=Zijlstra |first2=A. A. |last3=Watson |first3=R. A. |date=2017-10-01 |title=Fundamental parameters and infrared excesses of Tycho-Gaia stars  |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=471 |issue=1 |pages=770–791 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stx1433 |doi-access=free |issn=0035-8711|arxiv=1706.02208 |bibcode=2017MNRAS.471..770M }} [https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=J/MNRAS/471/770&RAJ2000=083.182566 Arneb's database entry] at [[VizieR]].</ref>

<ref name=aaa431_773>{{citation | last1=Richichi | first1=A. | last2=Percheron | first2=I. | last3=Khristoforova | first3=M. | title=CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=431 | pages=773–777 |date=February 2005 | issue=2 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20042039 | bibcode=2005A&A...431..773R | doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=cno>{{Citation |last1=Smiljanic |first1=R. |last2=Barbuy |first2=B. |last3=De Medeiros |first3=J. R. |last4=Maeder |first4=A. |date=April 2006 |title=CNO in evolved intermediate mass stars |arxiv=astro-ph/0511329 |bibcode=2006A&A...449..655S |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=449 |issue=2 |pages=655–671 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20054377 |issn=0004-6361}}</ref>

<ref name=lang2006>{{citation | first1=Kenneth R. | last1=Lang | title=Astrophysical formulae | volume=1 | series=Astronomy and astrophysics library | edition=3rd | publisher=[[Birkhäuser]] | date=2006 | isbn=3-540-29692-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OvTjLcQ4MCQC&pg=PA41 }}. The radius (R<sub>*</sub>) is given by:
:<math>\begin{align} 2\cdot R_*
 & = \frac{(10^{-3}\cdot 680\cdot 1.77)\ \text{AU}}{0.0046491\ \text{AU}/R_{\bigodot}} \\
 & \approx 259\cdot R_{\bigodot}
\end{align}</math></ref>

<ref name=allen1899>{{citation | first1=Richard Hinckley | last1=Allen | date=1899 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xQuAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA268 | page=268 | title=Star-names and Their Meanings | publisher=G. E. Stechert }}</ref>

<ref name=baas25_1319>{{citation | last1=Garrison | first1=R. F. | title=Anchor Points for the MK System of Spectral Classification | journal=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society | volume=25 | page=1319 | date=December 1993 | bibcode=1993AAS...183.1710G | url=http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/~garrison/mkstds.html | accessdate=2012-02-04 | archive-date=June 25, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190625094716/http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/~garrison/mkstds.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="giridhar2013">{{Cite journal |last1=Giridhar |first1=S. |last2=Goswami |first2=A. |last3=Kunder |first3=A. |last4=Muneer |first4=S. |last5=Selvakumar |first5=G. |date=2013-08-01 |title=Identification of metal-poor stars using the artificial neural network |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013A&A...556A.121G |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=556 |pages=A121 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201219918 |arxiv=1307.6308 |bibcode=2013A&A...556A.121G |issn=0004-6361}} [https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=J/A%2BA/556/A121&recno=31 Alpha Leporis' database entry] at VizieR.</ref> 

<ref name="thomas2018">{{Cite journal |last=Ayres |first=Thomas R. |date=2018-02-20 |title=Cracking the Conundrum of F-Supergiant Coronae |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=854 |issue=2 |pages=95 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/aaa6d7 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1802.02552 |bibcode=2018ApJ...854...95A |issn=0004-637X}}</ref>

<ref name=luck>{{cite journal | bibcode= 2014AJ....147..137L| title= Parameters and Abundances in Luminous Stars| journal= The Astronomical Journal| volume= 147| issue= 6| pages= 137| last1= Luck| first1= R. Earle| year= 2014| doi= 10.1088/0004-6256/147/6/137| doi-access= free}} [https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=J/AJ/147/137&Name=NAME%20ARNEB Alpha Leporis' database entry] at [[VizieR]].</ref>

<ref name=csiro>{{citation | title=The Colour of Stars | date=December 21, 2004 | work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education | publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation | url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html | accessdate=2012-01-16 | archive-date=2013-12-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203222826/http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

}}

{{Stars of Lepus}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alpha Leporis}}
[[Category:Bayer objects|Leporis, Alpha]]
[[Category:Lepus (constellation)]]
[[Category:F-type supergiants]]
[[Category:Stars with proper names|Arneb]]
[[Category:Flamsteed objects|Leporis, 11]]
[[Category:Hipparcos objects|025985]]
[[Category:Bright Star Catalogue objects|1865]]
[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|036673]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects]]
[[Category:Suspected variables]]