Editing Anacamptis

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Anacamptis_fragrans_(flower_spike).jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Anacamptis coriophora]]''
| display_parents = 3
| taxon = Anacamptis
| authority = [[Louis Claude Richard|Rich.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 
Probably hundreds; see [[#Selected species|text]]
| synonyms =
''Vermeulenia'' <small>Á.Löve & D.Löve</small><br />
''Anteriorchis'' <small>E.Klein & Strack</small>
}}

'''''Anacamptis''''' is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the orchid [[family (biology)|family]] ([[Orchidaceae]]); it is often abbreviated as '''Ant''' in [[horticulture]]. This genus was established by [[Louis Claude Richard]] in 1817; the [[type species]] is the [[pyramidal orchid]] (''A. pyramidalis'') and it nowadays contains about one-third of the [[species]] placed in the "[[wastebin taxon|wastebin genus]]" ''[[Orchis]]'' before this was split up at the end of the 20th century,<ref>Bateman & Hollingsworth (2004)</ref> among them many that are of [[hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] origin. The genus' [[scientific name]] is derived from the Greek word ''anakamptein'', meaning "to bend backwards".

These terrestrial orchids occur on [[grassland]]s, [[limestone]] or [[chalk]] deposits, or on [[dune]]s in [[Eurasia]], from the [[Mediterranean]] region to [[Central Asia]].

==Systematics==
Except the [[pyramidal orchid]] (''A. pyramidalis''), all species of ''Anacamptis'' seem to form a [[clade]] around the [[green-veined orchid]] (''A. morio''). They have a [[diploid]] [[chromosome]] number of 32 or 36. A useful character for distinguishing ''Anacamptis'' from ''[[Orchis]]'' &ndash; where the green-veined orchid clade was formerly included &ndash; is the basal fusion of the three [[sepal]]s in ''Anacamptis''.<ref name = bbh0304>Bateman ''et al.'' (2003), Bateman & Hollingsworth (2004)</ref>

The few bigeneric [[hybrid (biology)|hybrid]]s are typically between closely related genera, in particular ''[[Serapias]]''. Hybrids between the pyramidal orchid and the [[early purple orchid]] (''Orchis mascula''), found in [[Cumbria]] ([[United Kingdom|UK]]) in 1997, proved short-lived because of the highly divergent [[genome|genomic]] lineages of the parents.<ref name = bbh0304 />

===Species===
[[Image:Anacamptis papilionacea (flower).jpg|thumb|right|''[[Anacamptis papilionacea]]'']]
[[Image:Anacamptis x feinbruniae 1.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Anacamptis × feinbruniae]]'']]
{{As of|2014|May}}, the [[World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]] accepts 11 species, two with subspecies:<ref name="WCSP_Anacamptis">{{Citation |contribution=Search for ''Anacamptis''|title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |contribution-url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do?plantName=Anacamptis |access-date=3 May 2014 |title-link=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families }}</ref>
*''[[Anacamptis boryi]]'' <small>(Rchb.f.) R.M.Bateman</small> (S Greece, Crete)
*''[[Anacamptis collina]]'' <small>(Banks & Sol. ex Russell) R.M.Bateman</small> (Mediterranean to S Turkmenistan)
*''[[Anacamptis coriophora]]'' <small>(L.) R.M.Bateman</small> (Europe, Mediterranean to W Asia)
*''[[Anacamptis cyrenaica]]'' <small>(E.A.Durand & Barratte) H.Kretzschmar</small>
*''[[Anacamptis israelitica]]'' <small>(H.Baumann & Dafni) R.M.Bateman</small> (N. Israel, Palestine)
*''[[Anacamptis laxiflora]]'' <small>(Lam.) R.M.Bateman</small> – loose-flowered orchid, lax-flowered orchid, Jersey orchid (WC Europe, Mediterranean to C Asia)
*''[[Anacamptis morio]]'' <small>(L.) R.M.Bateman</small> – green-winged orchid, green-veined orchid
**''Anacamptis morio'' subsp. ''caucasica'' <small>(K.Koch) H.Kretzschmar</small>
**''Anacamptis morio'' subsp. ''champagneuxii'' <small>(Barnéoud) H.Kretzschmar</small> (W Mediterranean)
**[[Anacamptis morio subsp. longicornu|''Anacamptis morio'' subsp. ''longicornu'']] <small>(Poir.) H.Kretzschmar</small> (W & C Mediterranean)
**''Anacamptis morio'' subsp. ''morio''
**''Anacamptis morio'' subsp. ''picta'' <small>(Loisel.) Jacquet & Scappat.</small>
**[[Anacamptis morio subsp. syriaca|''Anacamptis morio'' subsp. ''syriaca'']] <small>(E.G.Camus) H.Kretzschmar</small>
*''[[Anacamptis palustris]]'' <small>(Jacq.) R.M.Bateman</small>(Europe, Mediterranean to C Asia)
**''Anacamptis palustris'' subsp. ''elegans'' <small>(Heuff.) R.M.Bateman</small> (Europe to C Asia)
**''Anacamptis palustris'' subsp. ''palustris'' (WC Europe, Mediterranean to Iran)
**''Anacamptis palustris'' subsp. ''robusta'' <small>(T.Stephenson) R.M.Bateman</small> (W Morocco)
*''[[Anacamptis papilionacea]]'' <small>(L.) R.M.Bateman</small> – butterfly orchid (Mediterranean to Iran)
*''[[Anacamptis pyramidalis]]'' <small>(L.) Rich.</small> – pyramidal orchid
*''[[Anacamptis sancta]]'' <small>(L.) R.M.Bateman</small> (E Mediterranean to Caucasus)

===Selected nothospecies===
* ''Anacamptis'' × ''timbali'' nothosubsp. ''albuferensis'' (''A. coriophora'' × ''A. palustris'' subsp. ''robusta'') (Mallorca)
* ''Anacamptis'' × ''gennarii'' nothosubsp. ''bornemanniae'' (''A. morio'' subsp. ''longicornu'' × ''A. papilionacea'') (N Africa, Sardinia)
* ''Anacamptis'' × ''duquesnei'' (''A. palustris'' × ''A. pyramidalis'') (France)
* ''Anacamptis'' × ''feinbruniae'' (''A. israelitica'' × ''A. papilionacea'')
* ''Anacamptis'' × ''gennarii'' (''A. morio'' × ''A. papilionacea'') (W Mediterranean)
* ''Anacamptis'' × ''laniccae'' (''A. morio'' × ''A. pyramidalis'') (Switzerland, France, Italy)
* ''Anacamptis'' × ''lesbiensis'' (''A. pyramidalis'' × ''A. sancta'') (E Aegean Islands)
* ''Anacamptis'' × ''simorrensis'' (''A. coriophora'' × ''A. pyramidalis'') (France, Italy, Greece)
* ''Anacamptis'' × ''van-lookenii'' (''A. papilionacea'' × ''A. pyramidalis'') (France)

===Intergeneric hybrids===
* ''[[× Anacamptiplatanthera]]'' (''Anacamptis'' × ''[[Platanthera]]'') &ndash; accepted name
* ''× Anacamptorchis'' (''Anacamptis'' × ''[[Orchis]]'') &ndash; [[unplaced name]]
* ''[[× Dactylocamptis]]'' (''Anacamptis'' × ''[[Dactylorhiza]]'') &ndash; accepted name
* ''[[× Gymnanacamptis]]'' (''Anacamptis'' × ''[[Gymnadenia]]'') &ndash; accepted name
* ''× Ophramptis'' (''Anacamptis'' × ''[[Ophrys]]'') &ndash; unplaced name
* ''[[× Serapicamptis]]'' (''Anacamptis'' × ''[[Serapias]]'') &ndash; accepted name

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Notes==
* {{aut|Bateman, Richard M. & Hollingsworth, Peter M.}} (2004): Morphological and molecular investigation of the parentage and maternity of ''A. × albuferensis'' (''A. robusta'' × ''A. fragrans''), a new hybrid from Mallorca, Spain. ''[[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]]'' '''53'''(1): 43–54. [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2004/00000053/00000001/art00005?crawler=true HTML abstract]
* {{aut|Bateman, Richard M.; Hollingsworth, Peter M.; Preston, Jillian; Yi-bo, Luo; Prodgeon, Alec M. & Chase, Mark W.}} (2003): Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of Orchidinae and selected Habenariinae (Orchidaceae). ''[[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|Bot. J. Linn. Soc.]]'' '''142'''(1): 1–40. <small>{{doi|10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00157.x}}</small> [https://web.archive.org/web/20110707013012/http://lseb.ibcas.ac.cn/oldzjxx/luoyb/PDF/40.pdf PDF fulltext]

==External links==
* {{Commons-inline|italic=1}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093622/http://assets.kew.org/files/ks_12.pdf Kew Scientist, issue 12, October 1997]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q28107}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Anacamptis| ]]
[[Category:Orchideae genera]]
[[Category:Flora of Central Asia]]