Editing Anacyclus pyrethrum

{{short description|Species of plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Anacyclus_pyrethrum_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-011.jpg
|image_caption = Mount Atlas daisy
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status = VU
|status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite journal|author=Rankou, H.|author2=Ouhammou, A.|author3=Taleb, M.|author4=Manzanilla, V.|author5=Martin, G.|name-list-style=amp|title=Anacyclus pyrethrum|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|date=2015|issue=2015|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T202924A53798702.en|doi-access=free}}</ref>
|genus = Anacyclus
|species = pyrethrum
|authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link|Link]]
|synonyms = ''Anthemis pyrethrum'' L.<br/>
''Anacyclus depressus'' Ball<br/>
''Anacyclus freynii'' Willk.<br/>
''Anacyclus officinarum'' Hayne<br/>
Sources: E+M,<ref name="EUROMED">{{cite web
 | url = http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=117602&PTRefFk=7000000
 | title = Details for: ''Anacyclus pyrethrum''
 | accessdate = 2008-06-16
 |author1=Botanic Garden | author-link = Botanical Garden in Berlin
   |author2=Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem
  |name-list-style=amp| work = Euro+Med PlantBase
 | publisher = [[Free University of Berlin|Freie Universität Berlin]]
 }}</ref> AFPD<ref name="afpd">{{cite web
 |url=http://www.ville-ge.ch/cjb/bd/africa/details.php?langue=an&id=135636
 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130101090239/http://www.ville-ge.ch/cjb/bd/africa/details.php?langue=an&id=135636
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-date=January 1, 2013
 |title=''Anthemis pyrethrum'' record n° 135636 
 |accessdate=2008-06-16 
 |work=African Plants Database 
 |publisher=[[Natural History Museum of Geneva|South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève]] and Tela Botanica 
}}</ref>
|}}

'''''Anacyclus pyrethrum''''', the '''pellitory''', '''Spanish chamomile''', '''Mount Atlas daisy''', '''bertram''', or '''Akarkara''', is a [[species]] of [[flowering plant]] in the daisy [[family (botany)|family]] Asteraceae.<ref name=AZEGP>{{cite book
| editor-last = Brickell
| editor-first = Christopher
| title = The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants
| year = 2008
| publisher = Dorling Kindersley
| location = United Kingdom
| isbn = 9781405332965}}</ref> It is [[native species|native]] to Mediterranean Europe and parts of North Africa, but also naturalised in other parts of Europe, India and Pakistan.<ref name = GRIN>{{GRIN}}</ref> This [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]] resembles [[chamomile]] species in habitat and appearance. 

The plants known as [[Parietaria officinalis|pellitory-of-the-wall]] and [[Parietaria judaica|spreading pellitory]] belong to a different family, the nettles ([[Urticaceae]]).

==Names==
Although one might assume from the [[specific epithet]] ''pyrethrum'' that this plant contains [[pyrethrin]]s, it does not.<ref>{{Cite web|title=pyrethrum {{!}} Definition, Description, Insecticide, & Species|url=https://www.britannica.com/plant/pyrethrum|access-date=2021-01-12|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> Both ''pyrethrum'' and "pellitory" derive ultimately from the ancient Greek for "fire" (πῦρ).<ref name=SOED>{{cite book | title = Shorter [[Oxford English Dictionary]] | year = 2007 | edition = 6th | pages = 3804 | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] | location = United Kingdom | isbn = 9780199206872}}</ref>

== Vernacular names ==
'''''Anacyclus pyrethrum''''' is known by various regional names in India and is commonly used in traditional systems like Ayurveda and Unani medicine.

{| class="wikitable"
! Language !! Vernacular Name !! Script
|-
| Hindi || Akarkara || अकरकरा
|-
| Sanskrit || Akarkarabh || अकरकरभ
|-
| Urdu || Aqarqarha || اقرقرحا
|-
| Tamil || Akkirakaram || அக்கிரகரம்
|-
| Telugu || Akarkara || అకర్కర 
|-
| Kannada || Akarkara || ಅಕಾರ್ಕರ
|-
| Malayalam || Akarkaram || അകര്കാരം
|}

<ref>{{cite book |last=Nadkarni |first=K. M. |title=Indian Materia Medica |volume=1 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=2002 |pages=60–61 |isbn=978-8171548194}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite book |last=Warrier |first=P. K. |title=Indian Medicinal Plants: A Compendium of 500 Species |volume=1 |publisher=Orient Longman |year=1993 |pages=49–50 |isbn=978-8125003019}}</ref>

==Cultivation==
'''''Anacyclus pyrethrum''''' var. ''depressus'' (sometimes considered a separate species, ''Anacyclus depressus''), called mat daisy or Mount Atlas daisy, is grown as a spring-blooming, low-water ornamental. It produces mats of grey-green, ferny foliage and single daisy-like white flowers. It is suitable for growing in an [[alpine garden|alpine]] or rock garden. It has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref name = RHSPF>{{cite web 
| url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/89205/i-Anacyclus-pyrethrum-i-var-i-depressus-i/Details
| title= RHS Plantfinder - ''Anacyclus pyrethrum'' var. ''depressus''
| publisher=Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate=12 January 2018}}</ref>
<gallery>
File:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus habitus1.jpg|Var. ''depressus''
File:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus open.jpg|same plant, flower detail
File:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus closed.jpg|Var. ''depressus'', flowers closed
</gallery>

==Medicinal uses==
Extracts of ''Anacyclus pyrethrum'' have anabolic activity in mice and also increase testosterone in the [[animal model]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scipharm.at/download.asp?id%3D346 |title=Scientia Pharmaceutica |accessdate=2011-07-31 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003111346/http://www.scipharm.at/download.asp?id=346 |archivedate=2011-10-03 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sharma|first1=Vikas|last2=Boonen|first2=Jente|last3=Spiegeleer|first3=Bart De|last4=Dixit|first4=V. K.|title=Androgenic and Spermatogenic Activity of Alkylamide-Rich Ethanol Solution Extract of DC|journal=Phytotherapy Research|date=January 2013|volume=27|issue=1|pages=99–106|doi=10.1002/ptr.4697|pmid=22473789|s2cid=23573730 }}</ref>

[[Ayurveda]] (ancient Mesopotamian now Indian medical system) and [[Siddha medicine|Siddha]] (the real ancient medical system of India ([[Dravidian peoples|Dravidian]]), have uses for this plant root and it has been used for centuries as a medicine.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}} It is called Akkal-Kara in [[Hindi language|Hindi]], Akkal Kadha in [[Marathi language|Marathi]], Akkala-karra  [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], Akkarkkara (അകർക്കാര)([[Telugu language|Telugu]]: అక్కలకఱ్ఱ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://andhrabharati.com/dictionary/index.php?w=%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B1|title=Akkala-karra; అక్కలకర, అక్కలకఱ్ఱ, అక్కలగర : శంకరనారాయణ తెలుగు-ఇంగ్లీష్ నిఘంటువు 1953}}</ref> and Akkarakaaram ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: அக்கரகாரம்). A kind of oil is prepared by a method known as pit extraction ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: குழி எண்ணெய்).{{Medcn|date=February 2016}}

In ''[[The Perfumed Garden]]'' (from 15th century [[Tunisia]]), al-Nefzawi recommends pelleter taken externally as an ointment on the penis and scrotum or internally to enhance sexual pleasure and enhance erection (ch. 13, 15, 17).

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
*{{UniProt Taxonomy
| name = Anacyclus pyrethrum
| id = 159698
| accessdate = 2008-06-16
}}
*{{cite web
 | url = http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/p/pellit19.html
 | title = Pellitory
 | accessdate = 2008-06-16
 | author = M. Grieve
 | authorlink = Maud Grieve
 | year = 1931
 | work = A Modern Herbal
 | publisher = © Copyright Protected 1995-2008 Botanical.com
| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080709010532/http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/p/pellit19.html| archivedate= 9 July 2008 | url-status= live}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1855185}}

[[Category:Anthemideae]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants of Africa]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants of Asia]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants of Europe]]

[[pl:Bertram lekarski]]