Editing Anatoly Solovyev

{{Short description|Soviet-Russian cosmonaut and test pilot (born 1948)}}{{Family name hatnote|Yakovlevich|Solovyev|lang=East Slavic}}{{Infobox astronaut
| name = Anatoly Solovyev
| image = Anatoly Solovyev Portrait.jpg
| caption = Solovyev in 1994
| type = [[Roscosmos cosmonaut]]
| status = Retired
| nationality = Russian
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1948|01|16}}
| death_date = 
| birth_place = [[Riga]], [[Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic|Latvian SSR]], Soviet Union
| death_place = 
| occupation = [[Test pilot]]
| rank = [[Colonel]], [[Russian Air Force]]
| selection = [[List of astronauts by selection#1976|Air Force Group 6 (1976)]]
| space_time = 651&nbsp;days, 2&nbsp;hours
| evas = 16
| eva_time = 82&nbsp;hours, 21&nbsp;minutes
| missions = {{UBLI
   | [[Soyuz TM-5]]/[[Soyuz TM-4|TM-4]] {{nowrap|([[Mir EP-2]])}}
   | [[Soyuz TM-9]] {{nowrap|([[Mir EO-6]])}}
   | [[Soyuz TM-15]] {{nowrap|([[Mir EO-12]])}}
   | [[STS-71]]/[[Soyuz TM-21]] {{nowrap|([[Mir EO-19]])}}
   | [[Soyuz TM-26]] {{nowrap|([[Mir EO-24]])}}
   }}
| insignia = [[File:Soyuz TM-5 mission patch.svg|40px]] [[File:Soyuz TM-15 patch.png|30px]] [[File:Sts-71-patch.png|40px]] [[File:Soyuz TM-26 patch.png|30px]]
}}

'''Anatoly Yakovlevich Solovyev''' ({{langx|ru|Анатолий Яковлевич Соловьёв}}; {{Langx|lv|Anatolijs Solovjovs}}; alternate spelling "Solovyov"; born 16 January 1948) is a retired Latvian and [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[cosmonaut]] and pilot.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvnet.lv/5458287/riga-viesosies-kosmonauts-anatolijs-solovjovs|title = Rīgā viesosies kosmonauts Anatolijs Solovjovs|date = 7 March 2011}}</ref> Solovyev holds the [[List of cumulative spacewalk records|world record]] on the number of [[extra-vehicular activity|spacewalks]] performed (16) and accumulated time spent spacewalking (over 82 hours).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.astronautix.com/astros/solovyov.htm |title=Solovyev web page |accessdate=January 12, 2009 |last=Wade |first=Mark |year=2008 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Astronautica |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225220521/http://www.astronautix.com/astros/solovyov.htm |archivedate=25 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Education ==

Solovyev studied at Riga Secondary School No. 33. After completing secondary school in Riga at age 16, he was a general labourer at a building materials factory, and then a metalworker. He completed two years of evening school and in 1967, enrolled at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the [[University of Latvia|State University of Latvia]]. After completing the first year, Anatoly left training to prepare for aviation school while working as a locksmith at the Latvian Joint Aviation Unit. In 1968 Solovyov began his training at the Chernigov Higher Military Aviation School.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvnet.lv/5458287/riga-viesosies-kosmonauts-anatolijs-solovjovs|title = Rīgā viesosies kosmonauts Anatolijs Solovjovs|date = 7 March 2011}}</ref>

==Military service==
He enrolled as a cadet in the Chernigov Higher Military School of Pilots in 1968. He joined the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]] in 1971. He graduated from the Lenin Komsomol Chernigov Higher Military Aviation School in 1972,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/solovyev.html|title=NASA Biographical Data: Anatoly Yakovlevich Solovyev|publisher=jsc.nasa.gov|date=11 February 2015|accessdate=2017-11-01}}</ref> having flown the [[L-29]], [[MiG-15]]UTI and [[MiG-21]]. Subsequently, assigned to a reconnaissance air regiment in the Far East Aviation District<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gctc.ru/eng/biogr/default.htm|title=GCTC, Biographies of Cosmonauts: Solovyev, Anatoly Yakovlevich|publisher=Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre|accessdate=2017-10-31|url-status=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070920155646/http://www.gctc.ru/eng/biogr/default.htm|archivedate=2007-09-20}}</ref> flying the [[MiG-21]]R. In 1975 he was awarded the qualification "Military Pilot 1st Class".

==Cosmonaut==
He was selected for Cosmonaut training 23 August 1976 as a member of TsPK-6. Uniquely, this group was to train as pilots for the [[Buran programme]] (Soviet "space shuttle"), and as such had to also qualify as test pilots.<ref>{{cite book|title=World Manned Cosmonautics - History, Equipment, People (Russian language)|editor=Yuri M. Baturin |publisher=Moscow Publishing House|date=2005|page=600}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ebRNMq15k40|title=Cosmonauts' Encyclopedia, Anatoly Solovyev (Russian language)|publisher=Studio Roscosmos|accessdate=2018-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/t/tspk-6astronautgroup1976.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617055938/http://www.astronautix.com/t/tspk-6astronautgroup1976.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 17, 2017|title=TsPK-6 Astronaut Group, 1976|publisher=astronautix.com|date=|accessdate=2017-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Соловьёв,_Анатолий_Яковлевич|title=Соловьёв, Анатолий Яковлевич (Solovyev, Anatoly Yakovlevich)|publisher=Wikipedia Russia|date=|accessdate=2017-10-31}}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=June 2018}} To do so the group first attended the 267th Centre for Testing Aviation Equipment and Training Test Pilots at [[Akhtubinsk]] where they passed as test pilots (third class). This was followed up by a year's training to qualify as Cosmonauts. They then returned to Akhtubinsk for further training as test pilots (second class). In addition he qualified as a parachutist and diver. In January 1979 he was appointed as a Test Cosmonaut in OK CPC (aerospace vehicles) working on Buran.

Delays with Buran and increased need for space station crews resulted in his transferring to training for the [[Interkosmos]] programme in January 1982. The following year he was designated as a reserve crew commander for missions to Salyut 7, with [[Aleksandr Serebrov]] and Nikolai Moskalenko. In 1985 he was assigned as reserve crew commander of Soyuz T-15 with [[Viktor Savinykh]]. The following year he was assigned as back up commander of the Soyuz TM-3 mission to Mir with Savinykh and Munir Habib (Syria).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-tm3.htm|title=Soyuz TM-3|publisher=spacefacts.de|date=|accessdate=2017-12-10}}</ref>

He was commander for the 9-day [[Mir EP-2]] visiting ("lifeboat" swap) crew June 1988 launched aboard [[Soyuz TM-5]] and returned aboard [[Soyuz TM-4]]. His crew were [[Viktor Savinykh]] and [[Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov|Aleksandr Aleksandrov]] (of Bulgaria). He thus became the 65th Soviet Cosmonaut with the personal callsign "Spring".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/s/solovyov.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227215120/http://astronautix.com/s/solovyov.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 27, 2016|title=Solovyov, Anatoly Yakovlevich|publisher=astronautix.com|date=|accessdate=2017-12-10}}</ref>

He then served as the back up commander for [[Soyuz TM-8]]. Commander 179 day [[Soyuz TM-9]]/[[Mir EO-6]] long-duration mission February to August 1990, with [[Aleksandr Nikolayevich Balandin|Aleksandr Balandin]]. This included an EVA to repair thermal blankets on Soyuz TM-9, and a second EVA when repairs to the [[Kvant-2]] module hatch were unsuccessfully attempted.

He served as reserve crew commander with Andrei Zaytsev for Mir EO-10 but the crew was disbanded after flight programme changes. He was back up commander [[Mir EO-11]]/[[Soyuz TM-14]].

He was commander for the 188-day [[Mir EO-12]]/[[Soyuz TM-15]] with [[Sergei Avdeyev]], from July 1992 until February 1993. He conducted four more EVAs during the mission. Launching only with them was [[Michel Tognini]] of France.

He served as back up commander of [[Mir EO-18]], and then as commander of [[Mir EO-19]] with [[Nikolai Budarin]]. They launched as passengers aboard [[Space Shuttle Atlantis|Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'']] on the [[STS-71]] mission in June 1995. This was at the first Orbiter docking with Mir, and the EO-19 crew undocked [[Soyuz TM-21]] briefly to observe and photograph the departure of ''Atlantis''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-71.html|title=Shuttle Missions, Archives, STS-71|publisher=NASA|date=|accessdate=2017-12-10}}</ref> Solovyev also performed three EVAs. They returned to Earth aboard [[Soyuz TM-21]] in September after 75 days.

[[File:Christmas 1997 on the Mir Space Station2.jpg|thumb|[[Pavel Vinogradov]] (left) and Solovyev (right) celebrate Christmas in 1997 during [[Mir EO-24]] ]]

His final space mission was as commander of [[Mir EO-24]]/[[Soyuz TM-26]] for 197 days from August 1997 until February 1998 with [[Pavel Vinogradov]]. After an automatic [[Kurs (docking navigation system)|Kurs]] approach, Solovyev performed the final docking manually when he was unable to verify the accuracy of the automatic targeting. They joined NASA astronaut [[Michael Foale]] who transferred from [[EO-23]] until his departure aboard ''Atlantis''. He was replaced by [[David Wolf (astronaut)|David Wolf]] and then [[Andy Thomas|Andrew Thomas]] who remained to join [[EO-25]]. His first EVA on 22 August 1997 was an unusual "internal spacewalk"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spacefacts.de/mir/english/mir-24.htm|title=Resident Crews of the Mir: Expedition 24 (EO-24)|publisher=spacefacts.de|date=|accessdate=2017-11-01}}</ref>  to connect power and survey damage to the depressurised Spektr module. This had been holed in the collision with [[Progress M-34]] on 25 June.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4225.pdf|title=Shuttle-Mir NASA SP-2001-4225 (page 109)|author=C. Morgan|date=|accessdate=2017-11-01}}</ref> Solovyev performed six more EVAs to set a world record total of 16, with a world record combined duration of 82 hours 21 minutes. He commented:

"It just came about. I never referred to my numbers as a record, nor did I ever think about beating someone else's accomplishments before going out on a walk."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://russkiymir.ru/en/publications/223915/|title=Cosmonaut Anatoly Solovyev: Studying space is costly, but it has to be done|publisher=Russkiy Mir Foundation|author=S. Vinogradov|date=|accessdate=2017-11-01}}</ref>

He was tapped to be on the crew of the first expedition to occupy the International Space Station. However he declined to serve under an American commander for the long-duration mission, since his experience of long duration spaceflight far exceeded that of any American astronaut.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anatoly-Yakovlevich-Solovyov|title=Anatoly Yakovlevich Solovyov|author=A.A. Siddiqi|date=|accessdate=2017-11-01}}</ref>

Solovyev left the Cosmonaut Detachment in 1999 having reached compulsory retirement age and became the president of "For the Good of the Fatherland", a national organisation recognising the work of Russians devoted to cultural and social development.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anatoly-Yakovlevich-Solovyov|title=Anatoly Yakovlevich Solovyov|author=A.A. Siddiqi|date=|accessdate=2017-11-01}}</ref>

== Family ==
Solovyev's parents are Yakov Mikhailovich Solovyev (father), deceased in 1980 and Antonia Pavlovna Soloveva, who resides in Riga.  He is married to Natalya Vasilyevna Solovyeva (née Katyshevtseva), with whom he has two sons, Gennady (born 1975), Illya (1980).
Solovyev resides in [[Star City, Russia|Star City]].

== Awards and honors ==
* [[Hero of the Soviet Union]] (USSR);
* [[Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR]] (USSR);
* [[Order For Merit to the Fatherland]] 2nd and 3rd classes;
* [[Order of Lenin]] (USSR);
* [[Order of the October Revolution]] (USSR);
* [[Order of Friendship of Peoples]] (USSR);
* [[Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration"]].
Foreign awards:
* Hero of the People's Republic of Bulgaria;
* [[Order of Georgi Dimitrov]] (Bulgaria);
* Officer of the [[Legion of Honour]] (France);
* [[Order of Stara Planina]] (Republic of Bulgaria);
* two [[NASA Space Flight Medal]]s.

==In media==
* The 2013 film ''[[Gravity (2013 film)|Gravity]]'' features a fictional character, STS-157 Commander Colonel Matthew "Matt" Kowalski (played by [[George Clooney]]), who repeatedly mentions his desire to beat Solovyev's record using a [[Manned Maneuvering Unit]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070920155646/http://www.gctc.ru/eng/biogr/default.htm Cosmonaut biographies, Gagarin Training Center]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121023081140/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/solovyev.html NASA Biography]
*[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ebRNMq15k40 Encyclopaedia of Cosmonauts, Anatoly Yakovlevich Solovyev (Studio Roscosmos)]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Solovyev, Anatoly Yakovlevich}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Riga]]
[[Category:Soviet cosmonauts]]
[[Category:Russian cosmonauts]]
[[Category:Extravehicular activity]]
[[Category:Russian people of Latvian descent]]
[[Category:Heroes of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 2nd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 3rd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples]]
[[Category:Officers of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Soviet Air Force officers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration"]]
[[Category:Space Shuttle program astronauts]]
[[Category:Spacewalkers]]
[[Category:Mir crew members]]