Editing Anchor text

{{Short description|Visible, clickable text in a hyperlink}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
[[File:Anchor text.png|thumb|The phrase "academic search engines" is the anchor text in the [[hyperlink]] that the cursor is pointing to.]]

The '''anchor text''', '''link label''', or '''link text''' is the visible, clickable text in an [[HTML]] [[hyperlink]]. The term "anchor" was used in older versions of the HTML specification<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.w3.org/TR/2018/SPSD-html32-20180315/#anchor|title = HTML 3.2 Reference Specification}}</ref> for what is currently referred to as the "[[Anchor element|a element]]", or {{tag|a|o}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.w3.org/TR/html52/textlevel-semantics.html#the-a-element|title = HTML Standard}}</ref> The HTML specification does not have a specific term for anchor text, but refers to it as "text that the a element wraps around". In [[XML]] terms (since HTML is XML), the anchor text is the content of the element, provided that the content is text.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#dt-content|title = Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth Edition)}}</ref>

Usually, web search engines analyze anchor text from hyperlinks on web pages. The words contained in the anchor text can determine the [[ranking (information retrieval)|ranking]] that the page will receive from search engines. Other services apply the basic principles of anchor text analysis as well. For instance, [[List of academic databases and search engines|academic search engines]] may use [[citation]] context to classify [[Academic publishing|academic articles]],<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Bader Aljaber |author2=Nicola Stokes |author3=James Bailey |author4=Jian Pei |title=Document clustering of scientific texts using citation contexts |journal=Information Retrieval |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=101–131 |date=1 April 2010|publisher=Springer|doi=10.1007/s10791-009-9108-x |s2cid=18990883 }}</ref> and anchor text from documents linked in [[mind maps]] may be used too.<ref>{{cite web |last=Beel |first=Joeran |date=1 October 2010 |title=Retrieving Data from Mind Maps to Enhance Search Applications |url=http://www.ieee-tcdl.org/Bulletin/current/Beel/beel.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929023425/http://www.ieee-tcdl.org/Bulletin/current/Beel/beel.html |archive-date=29 September 2011 |accessdate=5 May 2011 |publisher=Bulletin of IEEE Technical Committee on Digital Libraries}}</ref>

==Overview==
Anchor text usually gives the user relevant descriptive or contextual information about the content of the link's destination. The anchor text may or may not be related to the actual text of the [[Uniform Resource Locator|URL]] of the link. For example, a hyperlink to the [[English Wikipedia|English-language Wikipedia]]'s [[homepage]] might take this form:
	
:<code><nowiki><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page">Wikipedia</a></nowiki></code>

"Wikipedia" is the anchor text in this example. The URL it points to is <code><nowiki>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page</nowiki></code>. The entire hyperlink appears on a web page as {{srlink|Main Page|Wikipedia}}.

==Search engine algorithms==
Anchor text is weighted (ranked) highly in [[search engine]] [[algorithm]]s, because the linked text is usually relevant to the [[landing page]]. The objective of search engines is to provide highly relevant search results; this is where anchor text helps, as the tendency was, more often than not, to hyperlink words relevant to the landing page. Anchor text can also serve the purpose of directing the user to internal pages on the site, which can also help to rank the website higher in the search rankings.<ref name="Search Engine Watch 1">{{cite web|publisher=[[Search Engine Watch]]|url=http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2169750/How-the-Web-Uses-Anchor-Text-in-Internal-Linking-Study|title=How the Web Uses Anchor Text in Internal Linking [Study]|date=24 April 2012|access-date=6 July 2012}}</ref>

[[Webmaster]]s may use anchor text to procure high results in [[search engine results page]]s. [[Google]]'s [[Google Webmaster Tools|Webmaster Tools]] facilitate this optimization by letting [[website]] owners view the most common words in anchor text linking to their site.<ref>{{cite web
|last=Fox
|first=Vanessa
|url=http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2007/03/get-more-complete-picture-about-how.html
|title=Get a more complete picture about how other sites link to you
|date=15 March 2007
|publisher=Official Google Webmaster Central Blog
|access-date=27 March 2007
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070331195216/http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2007/03/get-more-complete-picture-about-how.html| archive-date= 31 March 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>
In the past,{{When|date=June 2024}} [[Google bomb]]ing was possible through anchor text manipulation; however, in January 2007, Google announced it had updated its algorithm to minimize the impact of Google bombs, which refers to a prank where people attempt to cause someone else's site to rank for an obscure or meaningless query.<ref>{{cite web
|last=Cutts
|first=Matt
|url=http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2007/01/quick-word-about-googlebombs.html
|title=A quick word about Googlebombs
|date=25 January 2007
|publisher=Official Google Webmaster Central Blog
|access-date=27 March 2007
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070324043013/http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2007/01/quick-word-about-googlebombs.html| archive-date= 24 March 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>

In April 2012, Google announced in its March "[[Google Penguin|Penguin]]" update that it would be changing the way it handled anchor text, implying that anchor text would no longer be as important an element for their ranking metrics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://insidesearch.blogspot.co.uk/2012/04/search-quality-highlights-50-changes.html|title=Google's March Update}}</ref> Moving forward, Google would be paying more attention to a diversified link profile which has a mix of anchor text and other types of links.<ref name="Search Engine Watch 2">{{cite web|publisher=[[Search Engine Watch]]|url=http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2172839/Google-Penguin-Update-Impact-of-Anchor-Text-Diversity-Link-Relevancy|title=Google Penguin Update: Impact of Anchor Text Diversity & Link Relevancy|date=6 May 2012|access-date=6 July 2012}}</ref>

However a 2016 study of anchor text influence across 16,000 keywords found that presence of exact and partial match anchor links continues to have a strong correlation with Google rankings.

August 2016 study conducted by Moz, found that Exact and partial match domains can be affected by over optimization penalty since Google considers domain Brand and naked URL links as Exact match.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://moz.com/ugc/case-study-the-interconnectedness-of-local-seo-and-exact-match-domains|title=Case Study: The Interconnectedness of Local SEO and Exact Match Domains|newspaper=Moz|access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref>

===Terminology===
There are different classifications of anchor text that are used within the search engine optimization community such as the following:

;Exact match: An anchor that is used with a keyword that mirrors the page that is being linked to. Example: "[[search engine optimization]]" is an exact match anchor because it's linking to a page about "search engine optimization".
;Partial match: An anchor that is used with a keyword and a variation that mirrors the page that is being linked to. Example: "[[search engine optimization|different search engine optimization techniques]]" is a partial match, anchor text as it links to a broader concept (i.e. to the article about search engine optimization).
;Branded: A brand that is used as the anchor. "[[Wikipedia]]" is a branded anchor text.
;Naked link: A URL that is used as an anchor. "[[www.wikipedia.com]]" is a naked link anchor.
;Generic: A generic word or phrase that is used as the anchor. "[[Mystery meat navigation#"Click here"|Click here]]" is a generic anchor recommended against on grounds of [[usability]] and [[accessibility]].<ref name="MacDonald ">{{cite book |last1=MacDonald |first1=Diana |title=Practical UI Patterns for Design Systems: Fast-Track Interaction Design for a Seamless User Experience |date=25 June 2019 |publisher=Apress |isbn=978-1-4842-4938-3 |page=194 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0efDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Mystery+meat%22+web+design&pg=PA194 |access-date=23 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=tech>{{cite web|url=https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10-HTML-TECHS/#link-text |title=HTML Techniques for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 |publisher=W3.org |access-date=2014-07-11}}</ref> Other variations may include "go here", "visit this website", etc..
;Images: Whenever an image is linked, Google will use the [[Alt attribute|"alt" attribute]] as the anchor text.
;Empty: Whenever an image is linked, and the "alt" attribute is empty.
;Latent semantic indexing: [[Latent semantic indexing]] (LSI) is a method used by [[Google]] to determine similar keywords.

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

[[Category:Information retrieval techniques]]
[[Category:Internet search engines]]
[[Category:Internet terminology]]
[[Category:Search engine optimization]]
[[Category:Hypertext]]