Editing Andreas Baader

{{Short description|German far-left militant leader (1943–1977)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox person
|birth_name    = Berndt Andreas Baader
|birth_date    = {{birth date|1943|5|6|df=y}}
|birth_place   = [[Munich]], Germany
|death_date    = {{death date and age|1977|10|18|1943|5|6|df=y}}
|death_place   = [[Stuttgart]], [[West Germany]]
|death_cause   = [[Suicide]] (gunshot wound to back of head)
|alma_mater    =
|image         = Andreas Baader.jpg
|caption       = Baader at the time of his imprisonment in Stuttgart-Stammheim
|other_names   =
|movement      =
|organization  = [[Red Army Faction]]
|monuments     =
|awards        =
|footnotes     =
}}
'''Berndt Andreas Baader''' (6 May 1943 – 18 October 1977) was a [[West Germany|West German]] [[Communism|communist]] and leader of the [[far-left]] terrorist organization [[Red Army Faction]] (RAF), also commonly known as the Baader-Meinhof Group.

== Life ==
Andreas Baader was born in [[Munich]] on 6 May 1943. He was the only child of historian and archivist Berndt Phillipp Baader and Anneliese Hermine "Nina" (Kröcher). Andreas was raised by his mother, aunt, and grandmother.{{sfn|Eager|2016|p=64}} Phillipp Baader served in the [[Wehrmacht]], was captured on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Russian Front]] in 1945, and never returned.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wright-Neville |first=David |title=Dictionary of Terrorism |year=2010 |publisher=Polity |location=Cambridge, UK |isbn=978-0-7456-4302-1 |pages=44 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZgmXxoLHv8MC&dq=%22Andreas+Baader+was+born+in+Munich%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA44 |language=en}}</ref>

Baader was a high school [[Dropping out|dropout]] and a bohemian before his involvement in the Red Army Faction.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Winkler |first=Heinrich August |title=Germany : the Long Road West. |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |others=Alexander Sager |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-19-150061-9 |location=Oxford |pages=277 |language=en}}</ref> He was one of the few members of the RAF who did not attend university.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schmeidel |first=John C. |title=Stasi: Shield and Sword of the Party |year=2008 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-134-21375-7 |pages=145 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dqd-AgAAQBAJ&dq=Andreas+Baader+did+not+attend+university+-wikipedia&pg=PA145 |language=en}}</ref>

At the age of 20, Baader moved from Munich to [[West Berlin]], allegedly to do an artistic education.{{sfn|Aust|2009|p=18}} He worked as a construction worker and unsuccessfully as a tabloid journalist.

Baader took part in the {{ill|Schwabing riots|de|Schwabinger Krawalle}} in 1962. According to his mother, he is said to have drawn the conclusion from the actions of the police that "something was wrong" in the state. According to journalist [[Butz Peters]], the events of the Munich city summer during 1962 were "a shocking experience for the nineteen-year-old".

== RAF involvement ==
In 1968, Baader and his girlfriend [[Gudrun Ensslin]] were convicted of the [[arson]] bombing of a [[department store]] in [[Frankfurt]],{{sfn|Küng|2014|p=59}} to protest what they described as the public's "indifference to the genocide in Vietnam".{{sfn|Eager|2016|p=65}}

After being sentenced, Baader and Ensslin fled in November 1969.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Scharloth |first1=Joachim |title=1968 in Europe : a history of protest and activism, 1956–1977 |last2=Klimke |first2=Martin |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |others=Martin Klimke, Joachim Scharloth |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-230-61190-0 |edition=1st |location=New York |pages=105 |language=en}}</ref> They were smuggled out of West Germany by sympathizers and made the tour of the left-wing communities of [[France]], [[Switzerland]], and [[Italy]] before re-entering West Germany covertly in early 1970.{{sfn|Chalk|2013|p=481}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ciment |first=James |title=World Terrorism : An Encyclopedia of Political Violence from Ancient Times to the Post-9/11 Era |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |others=James Ciment |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-317-45152-5 |edition=2nd |location=Armonk, New York |pages=236}}</ref>{{sfn|Atkins|2004|p=37–38}}

Baader was later caught at a traffic stop in Berlin for speeding on 4 April 1970.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Demaris |first=Ovid |title=Brothers in blood : the international terrorist network |publisher=Scribner |year=1977 |isbn=978-0-684-15192-2 |location=New York |pages=227 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Miller |first=Steven E. |title=Toxic Terror : Assessing Terrorist Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons |publisher=MIT Press |others=Jonathan B. Tucker |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-262-70071-9 |location=Cambridge, Mass |pages=96}}</ref> He produced a fake [[driver's license]] in the name of the author [[Peter O. Chotjewitz|Peter Chotjewitz]] but was placed under arrest when he failed to answer personal questions about the names and ages of Chotjewitz's children.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wisowaty |first=David L |title=The Baader-Meinhof group, 1968–1972: an account of its activities and an analysis of its ideology |year=1975 |pages=12 |language=English |oclc=38668584}}</ref>

Ensslin masterminded an escape plan. Journalist [[Ulrike Meinhof]] and Baader's lawyers concocted a false "book deal" in which Meinhof would interview Baader. A few weeks later, in May 1970, he was allowed to meet her at the library of the ''Berlin Zentralinstitut'' outside the prison, without handcuffs but escorted by two armed guards. Meinhof was allowed to join him. Confederates [[Irene Goergens]] and [[Ingrid Schubert]] entered the library carrying suitcases, then opened a door to admit a masked gunman armed with a pistol and then drew pistols out of suitcases. They then fired shots that wounded a 64-year-old librarian, hitting him in his liver. Baader, the masked gunman, and the three women then fled through a window.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Power |first=Jonathan |title=Amnesty International, the human rights story |publisher=Pergamon Press |year=1981 |isbn=978-1-4832-8601-3 |location=Oxford |pages=71–72}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Boyn |first=Oliver |title=The Divided Berlin, 1945–1990 : The Historical Guidebook |publisher=Amber Books Limited |others=Marie Frohling |year=2011 |isbn=978-3-86153-613-0 |edition=1st |location=Berlin |pages=92}}</ref>

The group became known as the ''Baader-Meinhof Group''. Baader and others then spent some time in a [[Fatah]] military training camp in [[Jordan]] before being expelled due to "differences in attitudes".{{sfn|Moxon-Browne|1993|p=437}} Back in West Germany, Baader robbed banks and bombed buildings from 1970 to 1972.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jamieson |first=Teddy |title=Whose Side Are You On? |publisher=Yellow Jersey |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4090-2889-5 |location=London |pages=47}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Briggs |first=Briggs |title=Modern Europe |publisher=Pearson Education |isbn=9788131727577 |pages=365}}</ref> Although he never obtained a [[driver's licence]], Baader was obsessed with [[driving]]. He regularly stole expensive [[sports car]]s for use by the gang and was arrested driving an [[Iso Rivolta IR 300]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://einestages.spiegel.de/static/topicalbumbackground/490/klaus_stern_terrorist_ohne_fuehrerschein.html|date = October 2007|author=Klaus Stern|author-link=Klaus Stern|title=Terrorist ohne Führerschein| publisher=einestages on [[Spiegel Online]]}}</ref>

On 1 June 1972, Baader and fellow RAF members [[Jan-Carl Raspe]] and [[Holger Meins]] were apprehended after a lengthy [[shootout]] in Frankfurt.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Danchev |first1=Alex |title=On Art and War and Terror |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7486-4138-3 |pages=16 |language=en}}</ref>

== Stammheim ==
[[File:Stammheim (1982).JPG|thumb|Stammheim Prison, photographed in 1982]]
From 1975 to 1977, a long and expensive trial took place in a fortified building on the grounds of [[Stuttgart]]'s [[Stammheim Prison]]. As a precaution against items being smuggled in, all prisoners were strip-searched and inspected and given new clothes before and after meeting lawyers.{{sfn|Smith|Moncourt|2008|p=28}}

During a collective [[hunger strike]] in 1974, which led to the death of Meins, [[philosopher]] [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] visited Baader in Stammheim where he was being held. He allegedly described Baader after the meeting as being a "[[twat]]" ("Quel con!").<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.sens-public.org/spip.php?article334
| title = Sartre adversaire de la non-violence ?
| date = 24 September 2006
| publisher=Alternatives non violentes, n° 139, juin 2006
| last=Wormser|first=Gerard
| quote=''Par exemple, après avoir rencontré l'extrémiste Baader dans sa prison en Allemagne, il en est ressorti en disant : "Quel con!!!"''
| access-date=16 November 2008}}</ref> Although he did not like Baader's behavior, he criticized the harsh conditions of imprisonment Baader endured.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.contre-informations.fr/doc-inter/allemagne/allemagne1.html| title= La mort lente d'Andreas Baader| date= 7 December 1974| newspaper= [[Libération]]| last= Sartre| first= Jean-Paul| access-date= 16 November 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081116143847/http://www.contre-informations.fr/doc-inter/allemagne/allemagne1.html| archive-date= 16 November 2008| url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/sartre/1974/baader.htm
| title = The Slow Death of Andreas Baader (English Translation)
| year = 2004
| publisher=marxists.org, translation of the 1974 [[Libération]] article
| last=Sartre|first=Jean-Paul
| quote=''This absence of communication with others through sound creates profound problems (...). These latter destroy thought by rendering it increasingly difficult. Little by little, it provokes blackouts, then delirium, and, obviously, madness. So even if there is no "torturer", there are people who squeeze certain levers on another level. This torture provokes deficits in the prisoner; it leads him to stupefaction or to death.''
| access-date=16 November 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081204090049/http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/sartre/1974/baader.htm| archive-date= 4 December 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref>

Meinhof was found dead in her cell at Stuttgart-Stammheim on 9 May 1976, hanging from the grating covering her cell window.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herren |first=Graley |title=The Self-Reflexive Art of Don DeLillo |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-5013-4505-0 |location=New York, NY |pages=243 |language=en}}</ref> Members of the Red Army Faction and others claimed that she was killed by the German authorities. The second generation of the RAF committed several kidnappings and attacks in a campaign in support of their comrades.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Trahair |first1=R. C. S. |title=Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations |last2=Miller |first2=Robert |publisher=Enigma Books |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-936274-26-0 |location=New York |pages=363}}</ref>

The three remaining defendants were convicted in April 1977 of several murders, [[attempted murder]]s, and of forming a [[terrorism in Germany|terrorist]] organization, and were sentenced to [[life imprisonment]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gentry |first1=Caron E. |title=Women, Gender, and Terrorism |last2=Sjoberg |first2=Laura |publisher=University of Georgia Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-8203-3583-4 |location=Athens |pages=61, 62, 63}}</ref>{{sfn|Atkins|2004|p=268}}

Militants tried to force the release of Baader and ten other imprisoned RAF members by [[kidnapping and murder of Hanns-Martin Schleyer|kidnapping]] businessman [[Hanns Martin Schleyer]] in [[Cologne]] on 5 September 1977, as part of the sequence of events known as the "[[German Autumn]]", which began on 30 July 1977 with the [[murder in German law|murder]] of banker [[Jürgen Ponto]].

On 6 September 1977, an official statement was released in which the state declared that the prisoners would not be released under any circumstances, and on the same day a ''Kontaktsperre'' ("communication ban") was enacted against all RAF prisoners.{{sfn|Neu|2010|p=73}} This order deprived prisoners of all contact with each other as well as with the outside; all visits, including those of lawyers and family members, were forbidden. The prisoners were deprived of their access to post, newspapers, magazines, television, and radio.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fraktion |first=Rote Armee |title=Materialien zum Hungerstreik 1984/85 der politischen Gefangenen aus der RAF und dem Widerstand |publisher=Die Grünen |year=1985 |volume=1 |location=West Germany |pages=105 |language=de}}</ref> The official justification for this was a claim by the state that the prisoners had supervised Schleyer's kidnapping from their cells with the assistance of their lawyers. It was claimed that a hand-drawn map had been found which had been used in the kidnapping in Newerla's car on 5 September. On 10 September, the prisoners' lawyers lost their appeal against the ''Kontaktsperre'' order and on 2 October it became effective. On 18 October 1977, the RAF killed Schleyer in France.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Varon |first=Jeremy |title=Bringing the War Home : The Weather Underground, the Red Army Faction, and Revolutionary Violence in the Sixties and Seventies |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-520-24119-0 |location=Berkeley |pages=234 |language=en}}</ref>

On 13 October 1977 four members of the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] hijacked [[Lufthansa Flight 181]] on a flight from [[Palma de Mallorca]] to Frankfurt, their leader demanding the release of the eleven RAF prisoners detained at Stammheim. The aircraft was eventually flown to [[Mogadishu]], [[Somalia]], where it arrived in the early hours of 17 October. The passengers of the Boeing 737 were freed in an assault carried out by German [[GSG 9]] special forces in the early hours of 18 October 1977 which saw the death of three of the militants.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Weber |first1=Jürgen |title=Germany, 1945–1990 : A Parallel History |last2=Parsons |first2=Nicholas |publisher=Central European University Press |year=2004 |isbn=9789639241701 |location=Budapest |pages=129 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chant |first=Christopher |title=Special Forces : The world's most significant and famous elite forces |publisher=Parragon |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-4454-7213-3 |location=Bath |pages=58–59 |language=en}}</ref>

== Death ==
[[File:Grabstätte Baader, Raspe, Ensslin.jpg|thumb|right|Burial site of Baader, Raspe and Ensslin in Stuttgart]]
According to official accounts of his death, Raspe learned about GSG 9's success on a smuggled [[transistor radio]] and spent the next few hours talking to Baader, Ensslin, and Möller, who agreed to a [[suicide pact]]. In the morning, Baader and Raspe were found dead in their cells, having died from gunshot wounds, while Ensslin was found hanging from a noose made from the speaker wire. RAF member [[Irmgard Möller]] was found with four stab wounds to her chest, but survived.{{sfn|Bielby|2012|p=11}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Colin |author-link=Colin Wilson |title=[[A Criminal History of Mankind]] |publisher=Diversion Books |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-62681-867-5 |chapter=Violence}}</ref>

All official inquiries on the matter concluded that Baader and his two accomplices committed collective suicide, and Baader-Meinhof biographer [[Stefan Aust]] argued in the original edition of his book, ''The Baader-Meinhof Group'' (1985), that they did kill themselves. But there was a controversy about the weapons they used to commit suicide.<ref>{{cite news |title=Who were Germany's Red Army Faction militants? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35354812 |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=BBC News |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=19 January 2016}}</ref>

Aspects of the deaths have been debated: Baader was supposed to have shot himself in the base of the neck so that the bullet exited through his forehead; repeated tests indicated that it was virtually impossible for a person to hold and fire a gun in such a way.{{sfn|Aust|2009|p=424}} In addition, three bullet holes were found in his cell: one lodged in the wall, one in the mattress, and the fatal bullet itself lodged in the floor, suggesting that Baader had fired twice before killing himself.{{sfn|Aust|2009|p=411}} Finally, Baader had powder burns on his right hand, but he was left-handed. Raspe showed no signs of powder burns.{{sfn|Smith|Moncourt|2008|p=28}}

The theory itself that guns had been smuggled into Stammheim depended on the testimony of Hans Joachim Dellwo (brother of prisoner [[Karl-Heinz Dellwo]]) and Volker Speitel (husband of [[Angelika Speitel]]). Both had been arrested on 2 October 1977, and charged with belonging to a criminal association; under pressure from the police, they subsequently became [[Crown witness (Germany)|crown witnesses]] and admitted to acting as couriers and testified that they were aware of lawyers smuggling items to the prisoners during the trial. In consideration of this testimony, authorities reduced their sentences and provided them with new identities. In 1979, two defence attorneys were tried and convicted for smuggling weapons. However, as noted above, the lawyers had been unable to meet with their clients after 6 September 1977 due to the ''Kontaktsperre'' order.{{sfn|Smith|Moncourt|2008|p=28}}

=== Study of brain ===
Following their apparent suicides, the [[German government]] had the [[human brain|brains]] of Baader, Meinhof, Ensslin and Raspe removed for study at the Neurological Research Institute at the [[University of Tübingen]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hooper |first1=John |title=The dead guerrillas, the missing brains and the experiment |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/nov/18/germany.science |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=18 November 2002 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Broomby |first1=Rob |title=Red Army Faction brains 'disappeared' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2484745.stm |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=BBC |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=16 November 2002}}</ref> Meinhof's brain contained scar tissue, the result of surgery to remove a benign tumor in 1962, that could have affected her behavior.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2455647.stm | work=BBC News | title=Meinhof brain study yields clues | date=12 November 2002 | access-date=23 April 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100420210300/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2455647.stm| archive-date= 20 April 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> The results of the study of the others' brains are not known.

Aside from the removal of his brain, a [[death mask]] was made of Baader. The brains of all but Meinhof have apparently been lost and cannot be accounted for by German authorities.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2484745.stm | work=BBC News | title=Red Army Faction brains 'disappeared' | date=16 November 2002 | access-date=23 April 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100420200416/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2484745.stm| archive-date= 20 April 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>

== Cultural depictions ==
* ''[[The Murder of Andreas Baader]]'' is a 1978 painting by [[Odd Nerdrum]] where Baader is depicted as a murder victim.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vetland|first=Barbara|year=2010|url=https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/24803/MasteroppgaveDUO.pdf|title=Den tidløse omsorgen – mor og barn motivet i Odd Nerdrums bilder|language=Norwegian|publisher=Institutt for filosofi, ide- og kunsthistorie og klassiske språk, [[University of Oslo]]|pages=26–28|quote=Det som særlig fascinerte var det uttrykk for det frie mennesket som jeg så i dem. Ellers hadde jeg sympati for Baader for så vidt som han var en av de mange som var villig for å dø for sin sak. For meg var han den kompromissløse, tragiske idealisten.}}</ref>
* [[Stammheim (film)|''Stammheim – Die Baader-Meinhof-Gruppe vor Gericht'']] ("Stammheim – The Baader-Meinhof Gang on Trial") (1986) a film directed by [[Reinhard Hauff]]; with [[Ulrich Tukur]] in the role of Andreas Baader; after the book by [[Stefan Aust]]. It won the Golden Bear at the 1986 Berlin Film Festival.
* ''{{ill|Death Game (1997 film)|de|3=Todesspiel|lt=Death Game}}'' (1997) is a TV [[docudrama]] by [[Heinrich Breloer]]; with [[Sebastian Koch]] as Andreas Baader. It is about the kidnapping and later the assassination of [[Confederation of German Employers' Associations|''Bundesvereinigung der Deutschen Arbeitgeberverbändeunion'' (BDA)]] president Hanns-Martin Schleyer.
* In 2002, director [[Christopher Roth]] released the film ''[[Baader (film)|Baader]]'', with [[Frank Giering]] in the title role. It covers the period between 1967 and 1972.
* Baader was portrayed by [[Moritz Bleibtreu]] in the film ''[[The Baader Meinhof Complex]]''. The film was nominated for the 2009 foreign language film Oscar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Meinhof drama submitted for Oscar |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7620460.stm |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=BBC |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=17 September 2008}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Baader–Meinhof effect]], a cognitive bias named after Baader

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Sourcing ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Aust |first=Stefan |author1-link=Stefan Aust |title=Baader-Meinhof: The Inside Story of the R.A.F. |year=2009 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-537275-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jqqh0mEvcD4C |language=en}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Moxon-Browne |editor-first=Edward |title=European Terrorism |year=1993 |publisher=Dartmouth |location=Aldershot |isbn=978-1-85521-500-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qIPaAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Eager |first=Paige Whaley |title=From Freedom Fighters to Terrorists: Women and Political Violence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQ2UytrgOkIC |publisher=Ashgate |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-7546-8975-1 |location=Aldershot, England |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last=Bielby |first=Clare |title=Violent Women in Print: Representations in the West German Print Media of the 1960s and 1970s |year=2012 |publisher=Camden House |location=Rochester, New York |isbn=978-1-57113-530-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w0Wvszh4y7AC |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last=Küng |first=Hans |title=Disputed Truth: Memoirs |year=2014 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-4729-1098-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZjWAwAAQBAJ |volume=2 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last=Atkins |first=Stephen E. |title=Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups |year=2004 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |location=Westport, Connecticut |isbn=978-0-313-32485-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=J. |last2=Moncourt |first2=André |title=Daring to Struggle, Failing to Win: The Red Army Faction's 1977 Campaign of Desperation |year=2008 |publisher=[[PM Press]] |location=Oakland, California |isbn=978-1-60486-028-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zmLvzgEACAAJ |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last=Dornberg |first=John |title=The New Germans: Thirty Years After |year=1976 |publisher=Macmillan |location=New York |isbn=978-0-02-532170-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hRtoAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last=Chalk |first=Peter |title=Encyclopedia of Terrorism |year=2013 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, California |isbn=978-0-313-30895-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-wwPNjSnxcYC |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last=Post |first=Jerrold M. |author1-link=Jerrold Post |title=The Mind of the Terrorist: The Psychology of Terrorism from the IRA to al-Qaeda |year=2007 |publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group |location=New York |isbn=978-0-230-60859-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ToqOWxwpo-MC |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last=Martin |first=Gus |title=The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism |year=2011 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE Publications]] |location=Thousand Oaks, California |isbn=978-1-4522-6638-1 |edition=Second |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ClN2AwAAQBAJ&dq=Andreas+Baader+father+Russian+Front+-Wikipedia&pg=PA83 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last=Neu |first=Guido |title=Hinter Schloß und Riegel: Erinnerungen eines Anstaltsleiters |year=2010 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand GmBH |location=Norderstedt |isbn=978-3-925818-23-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Cg0cQawqA4C&q=Hinter+Schlo%C3%9F+und+Riegel+:+Erinnerungen+eines+Anstaltsleiters |language=de}}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book | last = Becker | first = Jillian | title = Hitler's children: The story of the Baader-Meinhof terrorist gang | publisher = Lippincott | year = 1977 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerschildrens0000beck | isbn = 0-397-01153-9 | url-access = registration }}

== External links ==
* [http://www.baader-meinhof.com/ baader-meinhof.com website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091022142532/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/terrorists/meinhof/1.html Breaking Comrade Baader Out]
* [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/25/germany/ Guardian article on Baader Meinhof film]

{{Members of the Red Army Faction}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baader, Andreas}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:1977 suicides]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:German communists]]
[[Category:Anti-revisionists]]
[[Category:Criminals from Bavaria]]
[[Category:German arsonists]]
[[Category:German male criminals]]
[[Category:German people who died in prison custody]]
[[Category:German robbers]]
[[Category:Members of the Red Army Faction]]
[[Category:People from Munich]]
[[Category:People imprisoned on terrorism charges]]
[[Category:People who died by suicide in prison custody]]
[[Category:Suicides in West Germany]]
[[Category:Prisoners who died in German detention]]
[[Category:Far-left politicians in Germany]]