Editing Andropogoneae

{{Short description|Tribe of grasses}}
{{automatic taxobox
| image = Andropogon scoparius.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Andropogon scoparius]]''
| display_parents = 3
| taxon = Andropogoneae
| authority = [[Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier|Dumort.]] (1824)
| synonyms =
*Sacchareae {{small|Dumort. (1824)}}
*Coiceae {{small|Nakai (1943)}}
*Euchlaeneae {{small|Nakai (1943)}}
*Imperateae {{small|Godr. & Gren. (1855)}}
*Maydeae {{small|Dumort. (1824, nom. illeg.)}}
*Ophiureae {{small|Dumort. (1824)}}
*Rottboellieae {{small|Kunth (1829)}}
*Sacchareae {{small|Rchb. ex Horan. (1847, as Saccharinae)}}
*Tripsaceae {{small|C.E. Hubb. ex Nakai (1943)}}
*Zeeae {{small|Rchb. (1828, unranked)}}
*Zeeae {{small|Nakai (1943)}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="SorengPeterson2017"/>
| subdivision_ranks = Subtribes
| subdivision = [[#Subtribes and genera|See text]].
}}

The '''Andropogoneae''', sometimes called the '''sorghum tribe''', are a large tribe of grasses (family [[Poaceae]]) with roughly 1,200 species in 90 genera, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. They include such important crops as [[maize]] (corn), [[sugarcane]], and [[sorghum]].<ref>Also called "[[kaoliang]]":  "[[Shaanxi|Shensi]]", in ''The Columbia-Viking Encyclopedia'' (1953), New York:  Viking.  Another spelling is "[[Sorghum bicolor|gaoliang]]."</ref>  All species in this tribe use [[C4 carbon fixation|C<sub>4</sub> carbon fixation]], which makes them competitive under warm, high-light conditions.<ref name="SorengPeterson2015">{{cite journal |last1=Soreng |first1=Robert J. |last2=Peterson |first2=Paul M. |last3=Romschenko |first3=Konstantin |last4=Davidse |first4=Gerrit |last5=Zuloaga |first5=Fernando O. |last6=Judziewicz |first6=Emmet J. |last7=Filgueiras |first7=Tarciso S. |last8=Davis |first8=Jerrold I. |last9=Morrone |first9=Osvaldo |title=A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=53 |issue=2 |year=2015 |pages=117–137 |issn=1674-4918 |doi=10.1111/jse.12150|bibcode=2015JSyEv..53..117S |hdl=11336/25248 |hdl-access=free }} {{open access}}</ref>

Andropogoneae is classified in supertribe Andropogonodae, together with its [[sister group]] [[Arundinelleae]]. Subdivisions include 12 subtribes, but the position of several genera within them is still unresolved (''[[incertae sedis]]''). [[Hybridisation (biology)|Hybridisation]] was probably important in the evolution of the Andropogoneae, and the tribe's systematics are still not completely resolved.<ref name="SorengPeterson2015"/> From the morphological point of view, the merging of the former subtribe 'Dimeriinae' (having solitary spikelets borne in 'robust' raceme rachis ) into the subtribe Ischaeminae (having paired spikelets borne in 'fragile' raceme rachis) is doubtful. Affinities within the tribe are complex and still under investigation.<ref name=":0" /> [https://www.ipni.org/a/20046653-1 Mr. Shahid Nawaz], a grass specialist at the [[Blatter Herbarium]], is working on the [[phylogenomics]] of the tribe from India.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}

According to preliminary [[Phytogeography|phytogeographic]] research on the tribe by [https://species.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/M.S._Kiran_Raj MS Kiran Raj], [[Peninsular India]], home to 54 genera (incl. 9 endemic genera, ''viz''., ''[[Bhidea]], [[Lophopogon]], [[Glyphochloa]], [[Pogonachne]], [[Trilobachne]], [[Pseudodichanthium]], [[Triplopogon]], [[Nanooravia]],'' and ''[[Manisuris]]'') and roughly 500 species, is thought to be the primary or secondary centre of diversity for Andropogonoid grasses. About 40% of the representative taxa are exclusively endemic to peninsular India, with the highest species diversity and endemicity found in genera like ''[[Arthraxon]],'' ''[[Chrysopogon]]'', ''[[Cymbopogon]]'', ''[[Dichanthium]]'', ''[[Dimeria]]'', ''[[Heteropogon (plant)|Heteropogon]],'' ''[[Ischaemum]], [[Ophiuros|Ophiorus]], [[Sehima]],'' and ''[[Themeda]].''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257952816 |title=Grass Diversity of Kerala Endemism and its Phytogeographical Significance. In MK Jananrdhanan & D. Narasimhan (Eds.) Plant diversity, Human welfare and conservation. |vauthors=Raj, Kiran, MS, ((M. Sivadasan and N. Ravi)) |date=2003 |publisher=Goa University. |location=Goa |publication-date=2003 |pages=8–30}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kiranraj |first=MS |date=2008 |title=Taxonomic revision of the subtribe Dimeriinae Hack of Andropogoneae Panicoideae Poaceae in Peninsular India |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/7030 |website=Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET}}</ref>

==Description==
Spikelets within the [[inflorescence]] (flower cluster) are generally arranged on spicate racemes in pairs. A fertile, unstalked spikelet is subtended by a sterile, stalked spikelet.  In species where [[Awn (botany)|awns]] are present they are found on the fertile, unstalked spikelet as an extension of the [[Spikelet#lemma|lemma]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Skendzic |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Columbus |first2=J. Travis |first3=Cerros-Tlatilpa |last3=Rosa |date=2007 |title=Phylogenetics of Andropogoneae (Poaceae: Panicoideae) Based on Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer and Chloroplast trnL–F Sequences|url=https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol23/iss1/40/ |journal=Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=530–544 |doi=10.5642/aliso.20072301.40  |access-date=14 April 2020|doi-access=free }}{{open access}}</ref>

==Subtribes and genera==
===2017 classification===
Classification following Soreng et al. (2017):<ref name="SorengPeterson2017"/>
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
;''incertae sedis''
*''[[Apluda]]''
*''[[Chrysopogon]]'' (syn. ''[[Vetiveria]]'')
*''[[Eulaliopsis]]''
*''[[Microstegium]]'' (syn. ''[[Ischnochloa]]'')
*''[[Sehima]]''
*''[[Thelepogon]]''

;Arthraxoninae
*''[[Arthraxon]]''

;Tripsacinae
*''[[Elionurus]]''
*''[[Oxyrhachis]]''
*''[[Rhytachne]]''
*''[[Tripsacum]]''
*''[[Urelytrum]]''
*''[[Vossia (plant)|Vossia]]''
*''[[Zea (plant)|Zea]]'' (syn. ''[[Euchlaena (plant)|Euchlaena]]'')

;Chionachninae
*''[[Chionachne]]''
*''[[Cyathorhachis]]''
*''[[Polytoca]]''
*''[[Sclerachne]]''
*''[[Trilobachne]]''

;Coicinae
*''[[Coix]]''

;Rottboelliinae
*''[[Chasmopodium]]''
*''[[Coelorachis]]''
*''[[Eremochloa]]''
*''[[Glyphochloa]]''
*''[[Hackelochloa]]''
*''[[Hemarthria]]''
*''[[Heteropholis]]''
*''[[Jardinea]]''
*''[[Lasiurus (plant)|Lasiurus]]''
*''[[Loxodera]]''
*''[[Manisuris]]''
*''[[Mnesithea]]''
*''[[Ophiuros]]''
*''[[Phacelurus]]''
*''[[Ratzeburgia]]''
*''[[Rottboellia]]''
*''[[Thaumastochloa]]''
*''[[Thyrsia (plant)|Thyrsia]]''

;Ischaeminae
*''[[Andropterum]]''
*''[[Dimeria]]''
*''[[Ischaemum]]''
*''[[Kerriochloa]]''
*''[[Nanooravia]]''
*''[[Pogonachne]]''
*''[[Triplopogon]]''

;Germainiinae
*''[[Apocopis]]''
*''[[Germainia]]''
*''[[Lophopogon]]''
*''[[Pogonatherum]]''

;Saccharinae
*''[[Agenium]]''
*''[[Asthenochloa]]''
*''[[Cleistachne]]''
*''[[Erianthus (plant)|Erianthus]]''
*''[[Eriochrysis]]'' (syn. ''[[Leptosaccharum]]'')
*''[[Euclasta (plant)|Euclasta]]'' (syn. ''[[Indochloa]]'')
*''[[Eulalia (plant)|Eulalia]]''
*''[[Hemisorghum]]'' (syn. of ''Sorghum''?)
*''[[Homozeugos]]''
*''[[Imperata]]''
*''[[Lasiorhachis]]''
*''[[Leptatherum]]'' (syn. ''[[Polliniopsis]]'')
*''[[Miscanthidium]]''
*''[[Miscanthus]]'' (syn. ''[[Diadranthus]]'', ''[[Rubomons]]'', ''[[Triarrhena]]'', ''[[Tenacistachya]]'')
*''[[Narenga (plant)|Narenga]]''
*''[[Polytrias]]''
*''[[Pseudodichanthium]]''
*''[[Pseudopogonatherum]]''
*''[[Pseudosorghum]]'' (syn. of ''Eulalia''?)
*''[[Saccharum]]''
*''[[Sarga]]''
*''[[Sclerostachya]]''
*''[[Sorghastrum]]''
*''[[Sorghum]]'' (syn. ''[[Vacoparis]]'')
*''[[Trachypogon]]''
*''[[Tripidium]]''
*''[[Veldkampia]]''

;Andropogoninae
*''[[Anadelphia]]''
*''[[Andropogon]]'' (syn. ''[[Hypogynium]]'')
*''[[Bhidea]]''
*''[[Bothriochloa]]''
*''[[Capillipedium]]''
*''[[Clausospicula]]''
*''[[Cymbopogon]]''
*''[[Dichanthium]]''
*''[[Diectomis]]''
*''[[Diheteropogon]]''
*''[[Elymandra]]''
*''[[Eremopogon]]''
*''[[Exotheca]]''
*''[[Heteropogon (plant)|Heteropogon]]''
*''[[Hyparrhenia]]''
*''[[Hyperthelia]]''
*''[[Iseilema]]''
*''[[Lakshimia]]''
*''[[Monocymbium]]''
*''[[Parahyparrhenia]]''
*''[[Pseudanthistiria]]''
*''[[Schizachyrium]]''
*''[[Spathia]]''
*''[[Spodiopogon]]'' (syn. ''[[Eccoilopus]]'')
*''[[Themeda]]''
}}
===2020 classification===
Classification following Welker et al. (2020) (one asterisk * marks genera not sampled in their analyses that were tentatively placed based on previously published phylogenetic analyses; two asterisks ** marks genera placed solely on morphology):<ref name=WelkMcKaEstePasq20>{{Cite journal |last1=Welker |first1=Cassiano A. D. |last2=McKain |first2=Michael R. |last3=Estep |first3=Matt C. |last4=Pasquet |first4=Rémy S. |last5=Chipabika |first5=Gilson |last6=Pallangyo |first6=Beatrice |last7=Kellogg |first7=Elizabeth A. |date=2020 |title=Phylogenomics enables biogeographic analysis and a new subtribal classification of Andropogoneae (Poaceae—Panicoideae) |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=58 |issue=6 |pages=1003–1030 |doi=10.1111/jse.12691 |bibcode=2020JSyEv..58.1003W |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
{{div-col|colwidth=25em}}
Tribe Andropogoneae {{small|Dumort.}} – 14 subtribes, 92 genera, and about 1224 species
*Subtribe Arthraxoninae {{small|Benth.}} – 1 genus and about 27 species
**''[[Arthraxon]]'' {{small|P.Beauv.}} – 27 species
*Subtribe Tripsacinae {{small|Dumort.}} – 2 genera and about 23 species
**''[[Tripsacum]]'' {{small|L.}} – 16 species
**''[[Zea (plant)|Zea]]'' {{small|L.}} – 7 species
*Subtribe Chionachninae {{small|Clayton}} – 3 genera and about 12 species
**''[[Chionachne]]'' {{small|R.Br.}} – 9 species
**''[[Polytoca]]'' {{small|R.Br.}} – 2 species
**''[[Trilobachne]]'' {{small|M.Schenck ex Henrard}} – 1 species **
*Subtribe Rhytachninae {{small|Welker & E.A.Kellogg}} – 5 genera and about 26 species
**''[[Loxodera]]'' {{small|Launert}} – 5 species
**''[[Oxyrhachis]]'' {{small|Pilg.}} – 1 species
**''[[Rhytachne]]'' {{small|Desv. ex Ham.}} – 12 species
**''[[Urelytrum]]'' {{small|Hack.}} – 7 species
**''[[Vossia (plant)|Vossia]]'' {{small|Wall. & Griff.}} – 1 species
*Subtribe Chrysopogoninae {{small|Welker & E.A.Kellogg}} – 1 genus and about 49 species
**''[[Chrysopogon]]'' {{small|Trin.}} – 49 species
*Subtribe Rottboelliinae {{small|J.Presl}} = Coicinae {{small|Rchb. ex Clayton & Renvoize}} – 3 genera and about 13 species
**''[[Chasmopodium]]'' {{small|Stapf}} – 3 species *
**''[[Coix]]'' {{small|L.}} – 4 species
**''[[Rottboellia]]'' {{small|Naezén}} – 6 species
*Subtribe Ratzeburgiinae {{small|Hook.f.}} – 11 genera and about 87 species
**''[[Eremochloa]]'' {{small|Buse}} – 12 species
**''[[Glyphochloa]]'' {{small|Clayton}} – 9 species
**''[[Hackelochloa]]'' {{small|Kuntze}} – 2 species
**''[[Hemarthria]]'' {{small|R.Br.}} – 14 species
**''[[Heteropholis]]'' {{small|C.E.Hubb.}} – 6 species *
**''[[Manisuris]]'' {{small|L.}} – 1 species *
**''[[Mnesithea]]'' {{small|Kunth}} – 26 species
**''[[Ophiuros]]'' {{small|C.F.Gaertn.}} – 4 species *
**''[[Ratzeburgia]]'' {{small|Kunth}} – 1 species **
**''[[Thaumastochloa]]'' {{small|C.E.Hubb.}} – 8 species *
**''[[Thyrsia (plant)|Thyrsia]]'' {{small|Stapf}} – 4 species
*Subtribe Ischaeminae {{small|J.Presl}} = Dimeriinae {{small|Hack. ex C.E.Hubb.}} – 4 genera and about 152 species
**''[[Andropterum]]'' {{small|Stapf}} – 1 species
**''[[Dimeria]]'' {{small|R.Br.}} – 61 species
**''[[Eulaliopsis]]'' {{small|Honda}} – 2 species
**''[[Ischaemum]]'' {{small|L.}} – 88 species
*Subtribe Germainiinae {{small|Clayton}} – 5 genera and about 44 species
**''[[Apocopis]]'' {{small|Nees}} – 16 species *
**''[[Germainia]]'' {{small|Balansa & Poitr.}} – 10 species
**''[[Imperata]]'' {{small|Cirillo}} – 13 species
**''[[Lophopogon]]'' {{small|Hack.}} – 2 species **
**''[[Pogonatherum]]'' {{small|P.Beauv.}} – 3 species
*Subtribe Sorghinae {{small|Bluff, Nees & Schauer ex Clayton & Renvoize}} – 4 genera and about 37 species
**''[[Cleistachne]]'' {{small|Benth.}} – 1 species
**''[[Lasiorhachis]]'' {{small|(Hack.) Stapf}} – 3 species
**''[[Sarga]]'' {{small|Ewart}} – 9 species
**''[[Sorghum]]'' {{small|Moench}} – 24 species
*Subtribe Saccharinae {{small|Griseb.}} – 3 genera and about 64 species
**''[[Miscanthus]]'' {{small|Andersson}} – 30 species
**''[[Pseudosorghum]]'' {{small|A.Camus}} – 2 species
**''[[Saccharum]]'' {{small|L.}} – 32 species
*Subtribe Apludinae {{small|Hook.f.}} – 7 genera and about 68 species
**''[[Apluda]]'' {{small|L.}} – 1 species
**''[[Asthenochloa]]'' {{small|Buse}} – 1 species **
**''[[Eulalia (plant)|Eulalia]]'' {{small|Kunth}} – 34 species
**''[[Homozeugos]]'' {{small|Stapf}} – 6 species
**''[[Polytrias]]'' {{small|Hack.}} – 1 species
**''[[Sorghastrum]]'' {{small|Nash}} – 21 species
**''[[Trachypogon]]'' {{small|Nees}} – 4 species
*Subtribe Anthistiriinae {{small|J.Presl}} – 9 genera and about 204 species
**''[[Bothriochloa]]'' {{small|Kuntze}} – 37 species
**''[[Capillipedium]]'' {{small|Stapf}} – 18 species
**''[[Cymbopogon]]'' {{small|Spreng.}} – 59 species
**''[[Dichanthium]]'' {{small|Willemet}} – 22 species
**''[[Eremopogon]]'' {{small|Stapf}} – 4 species *
**''[[Euclasta (plant)|Euclasta]]'' {{small|Franch.}} – 2 species
**''[[Heteropogon (plant)|Heteropogon]]'' {{small|Pers.}} – 6 species
**''[[Iseilema]]'' {{small|Andersson}} – 24 species
**''[[Themeda]]'' {{small|Forrsk.}} – 32 species
*Subtribe Andropogoninae {{small|J.Presl}} – 11 genera and about 292 species
**''[[Anadelphia]]'' {{small|Hack.}} – 14 species
**''[[Andropogon]]'' {{small|L.}} – 125 species
**''[[Bhidea]]'' {{small|Stapf ex Bor}} – 3 species **
**''[[Diectomis]]'' {{small|Kunth}} – 1 species
**''[[Diheteropogon]]'' {{small|(Hack.) Stapf}} – 4 species
**''[[Elymandra]]'' {{small|Stapf}} – 6 species
**''[[Exotheca]]'' {{small|Andersson}} – 1 species
**''[[Hyparrhenia]]'' {{small|Andersson ex E.Fourn.}} – 58 species
**''[[Hyperthelia]]'' {{small|Clayton}} – 7 species
**''[[Monocymbium]]'' {{small|Stapf}} – 3 species
**''[[Schizachyrium]]'' {{small|Nees}} – 70 species
*Incertae sedis – 23 genera and about 126 species
**''[[Agenium]]'' {{small|Nees}} – 4 species *
**''[[Elionurus]]'' {{small|Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.}} – 17 species
**''[[Eriochrysis]]'' {{small|P.Beauv.}} – 11 species
**''[[Jardinea]]'' {{small|Steud.}} – 3 species
**''[[Kerriochloa]]'' {{small|C.E.Hubb.}} – 1 species
**''[[Lasiurus]]'' {{small|Boiss.}} – 1 species
**''[[Leptatherum]]'' {{small|Nees}} – 3 species *
**''[[Microstegium]]'' {{small|Nees}} – 27 species
**''[[Parahyparrhenia]]'' {{small|A.Camus}} – 6 species
**''[[Phacelurus]]'' {{small|Griseb.}} – 6 species *
**''[[Pseudopogonatherum]]'' {{small|A.Camus}} – 5 species *
**''[[Sehima]]'' {{small|Forssk.}} – 5 species
**''[[Spodiopogon]]'' {{small|Trin.}} – 18 species *
**''[[Thelepogon]]'' {{small|Roth}} – 2 species
**''[[Tripidium]]'' {{small|H.Scholz}} – 6 species
**''[[Clausospicula]]'' {{small|Lazarides}} – 1 species **
**''[[Lakshmia]]'' {{small|Veldkamp}} – 1 species **
**''[[Pogonachne]]'' {{small|Bor}} – 1 species **
**''[[Pseudanthistiria]]'' {{small|(Hack.) Hook.f.}} – 4 species **
**''[[Pseudodichanthium]]'' {{small|Bor}} – 1 species **
**''[[Spathia]]'' {{small|Ewart}} – 1 species **
**''[[Triplopogon]]'' {{small|Bor}} – 1 species **
**''[[Veldkampia]]'' {{small|Y. Ibaragi & Shiro Kobay.}} – 1 species **
{{Div-col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="SorengPeterson2017">{{cite journal|last1=Soreng|first1=Robert J.|last2=Peterson|first2=Paul M.|last3=Romaschenko|first3=Konstantin|last4=Davidse|first4=Gerrit|last5=Teisher|first5=Jordan K.|last6=Clark|first6=Lynn G.|last7=Barberá|first7=Patricia|last8=Gillespie|first8=Lynn J.|last9=Zuloaga|first9=Fernando O.|title=A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution|volume=55|issue=4|year=2017|pages=259–290|issn=1674-4918|doi=10.1111/jse.12262|doi-access=free|bibcode=2017JSyEv..55..259S |hdl=10261/240149|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3780208}}

[[Category:Andropogoneae| ]]
[[Category:Panicoideae]]
[[Category:Poaceae tribes]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier]]

{{Panicoideae-stub}}