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Angilbert
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{{Short description|8th- and 9th-century Frankish poet, diplomat and saint}} {{For|the author of "Verses on the Battle that was Fought at Fontenoy"|Angelbert}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}} {{Infobox saint |honorific_prefix = [[Saint]] |name=Angilbert |birth_date={{c.|lk=no|760}} |birth_place= |death_date=18 February 814 |death_place=[[Saint-Riquier|Centule]], [[Austrasia]], [[Francia]] |feast_day=18 February |venerated_in=[[Catholic Church]]<br>[[Eastern Orthodox Church]] |image= |imagesize= |caption= |titles=Abbot of the Monastery of St Richarius<br/>Count of Ponthieu |beatified_date=[[Pre-Congregation]] |beatified_place= |beatified_by= |canonized_date=1100 |canonized_place= |canonized_by=[[Pope Urban II]] |attributes= |patronage= |major_shrine= |suppressed_date= |issues= |prayer= |prayer_attrib= }} '''Angilbert, Count of Ponthieu''' ({{c.|lk=no|760}} – 18 February 814){{sfnp|CE|1913}}<!-- sometimes known as '''Saint Angilbert''' or '''Angilberk''' or '''Engelbert''',--> was a noble [[Franks|Frankish]] poet who was educated under [[Alcuin]] and served [[Charlemagne]] as a secretary, diplomat, and son-in-law. He is venerated as a [[pre-Congregation]] [[saint]] and is still honored on the day of his death, 18 February. ==Life== [[File:BN lat. 13159, fol. 43r.jpeg|thumb|A page from the [[Psalter of Charlemagne]], copied between 795 and 800, and probably given by Charlemagne to Angilbert when the king visited Saint-Riquier for Easter 800<ref name=MH2001a>Michel Huglo, "The Cantatorium, from Charlemagne to the Fourteenth Century", in Peter Jeffery (ed.), ''The Study of Medieval Chant: Paths and Bridges, East and West'' (Boydell Press, 2001), pp. 89–104, at 89–92.</ref>]] Angilbert seems to have been brought up at the court of Charlemagne at the palace school in [[:de:Aquae Granni|Aquae Granni]] ([[Aachen]]). He was educated there as the pupil and then-friend of the great English scholar [[Alcuin]]. When Charlemagne sent his young son [[Pepin of Italy|Pepin]] to Italy as King of the [[Lombards]], Angilbert went along as ''primicerius palatii'', a high administrator of the satellite court.{{sfnp|CE|1913}} As the friend and adviser of Pepin, he assisted for a while in the government of Italy. Angilbert delivered the document on [[Byzantine Iconoclasm|Iconoclasm]] from the Frankish Synod of Frankfurt to [[Pope Adrian I]], and was later sent on three important embassies to the pope, in 792, 794, and 796.{{sfnp|EB|1911}} At one time, he served an officer of the maritime provinces.{{sfnp|CITD|1998}} He accompanied Charlemagne to Rome in 800{{sfnp|EB|1878}} and was one of the [[Testament of Charlemagne|witnesses to his will in 811]].{{sfnp|EB|1911}} There are various traditions concerning Angilbert's relationship with [[Bertha, daughter of Charlemagne]]. One holds that they were married,{{sfnp|EB|1878}} another that they were not.{{sfnp|CITD|1998}} They had, however, at least one daughter and two sons, one of whom, [[Nithard]], became a notable figure in the mid-9th century,{{sfnp|EB|1911}} while their daughter Bertha went on to marry Helgaud II, [[Count of Ponthieu]]. Control of marriage and the meanings of legitimacy were hotly contested in the [[Middle Ages]]. Bertha and Angilbert are an example of how resistance to the idea of a [[sacramental marriage]] could coincide with holding church offices. On the other hand, some historians have speculated that Charlemagne opposed formal marriages for his daughters out of concern for political rivalries from their potential husbands; none of Charlemagne's daughters were married, despite political offers of arranged marriages. In 790, Angilbert retired to the abbey of Centulum, the "Monastery of St Richarius" ({{lang|la|Sancti Richarii monasterium}}) at present-day [[Saint-Riquier]] in [[Picardy]].{{sfnp|EB|1878}} Elected [[abbot]] in 794,{{sfnp|EB|1878}} he rebuilt the monastery and endowed it with a library of 200 volumes.{{sfnp|CE|1913}} It was not uncommon for the [[Merovingian]], [[Carolingian]], or later kings to make laymen abbots of monasteries; the layman would often use the income of the monastery as his own and leave the monks a bare minimum for the necessary expenses of the foundation. Angilbert, in contrast, spent a great deal rebuilding Saint-Riquier; when he completed it, Charlemagne spent Easter of the year 800 there. In keeping with Carolingian policies, Angilbert established a school at Saint-Riquier to educate the local boys.{{sfnp|EBE|2003}} ==Poetry== Angilbert's Latin poems reveal the culture and tastes of a man of the world, enjoying the closest intimacy with the imperial family.{{sfnp|EB|1911}} Charlemagne and the other men at court were known by affectionate and jesting nicknames. Charlemagne was referred to as "David", a reference to the Biblical king [[David]].{{sfnp|Wilmot-Buxton|1922|p=93}} Angilbert was nicknamed "[[Homer]]" because he wrote poetry,{{sfnp|CITD|1998}} and was the probable author of an [[epic poetry|epic]], of which the fragment which has been preserved describes the life at the palace and the meeting between Charlemagne and Leo III. It is a mosaic from [[Virgil]], [[Ovid]], [[Lucan]] and [[Venantius Fortunatus]], composed in the manner of Einhard's use of Suetonius.{{sfnp|EB|1911}} Of the shorter poems, besides the greeting to Pippin on his return from the campaign against the [[Pannonian Avars|Avars]] (796), an epistle to David (i.e., Charlemagne) incidentally reveals a delightful picture of the poet living with his children in a house surrounded by pleasant gardens near the emperor's palace. The reference to Bertha, however, is distant and respectful, her name occurring merely on the list of princesses to whom he sends his salutation.{{sfnp|EB|1911}} The poem ''[[De conversione Saxonum]]'' has been attributed to Angilbert.{{sfn|Rabe|1995|p=54}} Angilbert's poems were published by [[Ernst Dümmler]] in the ''[[Monumenta Germaniae Historica]]''. For criticisms of this edition, see [[Ludwig Traube (palaeographer)|Ludwig Traube]] in Max Roediger's ''Schriften für germanische Philologie'' (1888).{{sfnp|EB|1911}} ==Notes== {{Reflist}} ==References== * {{citation|contribution=St. Angilbert |contribution-url=http://www.christdesert.org/cgi-bin/martyrology.dynamic.5.cgi?name=angilbert |title=Martyrology |url=http://www.christdesert.org/public_texts/martyrology/ |publisher=Monastery of Christ in the Desert |date=1998 |location=Abiquiú, New Mexico |ref={{harvid|CITD|1998}} |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611021417/http://christdesert.org/public_texts/martyrology/ |archivedate=11 June 2015 }}. * {{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=St Angilbert |volume=2 |ref={{harvid|EB|1878}} |page=29 }} * {{citation |last=Frassetto |first=Michael |contribution=St. Angilbert (c. 740–814) |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yW-GfElbafQC&pg=PA32 |title=Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yW-GfElbafQC |location=Santa Barbara, California |publisher=ABC-CLIO |date=2003 |isbn=978-1576072639 |ref={{harvid|EBE|2003}} |page=32 }} *{{cite book |first=Susan A. |last=Rabe |title=Faith, Art, and Politics at Saint-Riquier: The Symbolic Vision of Angilbert |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-8122-3208-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/faithartpolitics0000rabe}} * {{cite CE1913 |mode=cs2 |last=Thurston |first=Herbert |wstitle=St. Angilbert |ref={{harvid|CE|1913}} }}. * {{citation |last=Wilmot-Buxton |first=E.M. |title=Alcuin |date=1922 |publisher=P.J. Kennedy & Sons |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/stream/alcuin__00wilm }} ===Attribution=== * {{EB1911 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Angilbert |volume=2 |ref={{harvid|EB|1911}} |page=9 }} ==Further reading== * [[A. Molinier]], ''Les Sources de l'histoire de France''. {{Authority control}} [[Category:8th-century births]] [[Category:Year of birth unknown]] [[Category:814 deaths]] [[Category:Medieval Latin-language poets]] [[Category:Saints from the Carolingian Empire]] [[Category:8th-century writers in Latin]] [[Category:8th-century Frankish writers]]
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