Editing Angophora

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Use Australian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Angophora costata - 1923 @ Maranoa.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Angophora costata]]''
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Angophora
| authority = [[Antonio José Cavanilles|Cav.]]<ref name="APC" />
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}

'''''Angophora''''' is a genus of nine species of trees and shrubs in the myrtle family, [[Myrtaceae]]. [[endemism|Endemic]] to eastern Australia, they differ from other [[eucalypt]]s in having juvenile and adult leaves arranged in opposite pairs, [[sepal]]s reduced to projections on the edge of the [[Hypanthium|floral cup]], four or five overlapping, more or less round [[petal]]s, and a papery or thin, woody, often strongly ribbed [[Capsule (botany)|capsule]]. Species are found between the [[Atherton Tableland]] in Queensland and south through New South Wales to eastern Victoria, Australia.

==Description==
Plants in the genus ''Angophora'' are trees, occasionally shrubs, with rough bark except for ''[[Angophora costata|A. costata]]''. The juvenile leaves differ from adult leaves in being hairy with raised oil [[Gland (botany)|glands]]. Both juvenile and adult leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, the adult leaves usually [[wikt:glabrous|glabrous]] and paler on the lower surface. The flower buds are arranged in groups of three or seven. The flower has four or five small sepals, reduced to small projections on the rim of the floral cup. There are four or five more or less round, keeled, overlapping petals and [[Whorl (botany)|whorls]] of many creamy white [[stamen]]s. Unlike in ''[[Eucalyptus]]'' and ''[[Corymbia]]'', the petals and sepals are not fused to form a cap-like [[Operculum (botany)|operculum]]. The fruit is a papery or thin, slightly woody, hairy capsule with longitudinal ribs.<ref name="nsw">{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=Ken |title=''Corymbia'' |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&showsyn=&dist=&constat=&lvl=gn&name=Angophora |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="CANBR">{{cite web |title=More about ''Angophora'' |url=https://www.publish.csiro.au/samples/euclidsample/html/More_about_Angophora.htm |publisher=Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research |access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="ABRS">{{cite web |last1=Chippendale |first1=George M. |title=''Angophora'' |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Angophora |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Canberra |access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
The genus ''Angophora'' was first formally described in 1797 by [[Antonio José Cavanilles]] in his book ''Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Angophora''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/513969|publisher=APNI|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Cav.">{{cite book |last1=Cavanilles |first1=Antonio J. |title=Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum (Volume 4) |date=1797 |location=Madrid |page=21 |url=https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9682/?offset=#page=25&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q= |access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref>

''Angophora'' is closely related to ''[[Corymbia]]'' and ''[[Eucalyptus]]'', and all three genera are often referred to as "eucalypts". Collectively the eucalypts dominate many Australian [[ecosystem]]s.<ref name="anpsa">{{cite web |title=Eucalypts: Eucalyptus, Corymbia, Angophora |url=https://anpsa.org.au/genera/eucalypts-eucalyptus-corymbia-angophora/ |publisher=Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) |access-date=29 June 2024}}</ref> [[Taxonomy (biology)|Taxonomists]] have long recognised the relationships between the eucalypt taxa, but have not agreed upon a classification scheme. Some have proposed merging ''Angophora'' and ''Corymbia'' into genus ''Eucalyptus'' as [[Subgenus|subgenera]],<ref>Brooker, M. I. H. (2000). [http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/SB98008 A new classification of the genus ''Eucalyptus'' L'Her.(Myrtaceae). ''Australian Systematic Botany'' 13(1), 79–148.]</ref> a plan which was immediately rejected by others.<ref>Ladiges, P. Y. and F. Udovicic. (2000). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235491523 Comment on a new classification of the eucalypts.] ''Australian Systematic Botany'' 13(1), 149–52.</ref> Some authors maintain ''Angophora'' as a genus,<ref>Steane, D. A., et al. (2001). [https://eprints.utas.edu.au/3236/1/Steane-Sil-Gen-2001.pdf Development and characterisation of microsatellite loci in ''Eucalyptus globulus'' (Myrtaceae).] ''Silvae Genetica'' 50(2), 89–91.</ref> while others continue to debate the issue.<ref>Brummitt, R. K. (2003). [http://depts.washington.edu/phylo/LabMeetingReadings/Week1/BrummittParaphyly1.pdf Further dogged defense of paraphyletic taxa.] ''Taxon'' 52(4), 803-04.</ref><ref>Nelson, G., et al. (2003). [http://depts.washington.edu/phylo/LabMeetingReadings/Week1/NelsonReply.pdf Brummitt on paraphyly: a response.] ''Taxon'' 52(2), 295-98.</ref>

Among the eucalypts, ''Angophora'' species were nicknamed "apples" by European settlers, who thought they resembled [[malus|apple trees]].<ref name="anpsa" /> Many are still known commonly as apples today.<ref name=nsw/>

==Species==
The following is a list species of accepted by the [[Australian Plant Census]] as at March 2020:<ref name="APC">{{cite web |title=''Angophora'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/search?product=APC&tree.id=51209179&name=Angophora&inc._scientific=&inc._cultivar=&max=100&display=apc&search=true |publisher=Australian Plant Census |access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref>
* ''[[Angophora bakeri]]'' <small>[[Edwin Cuthbert Hall|E.C.Hall]]</small> - NSW
** [[Angophora bakeri subsp. bakeri|''Angophora bakeri'' <small>E.C.Hall</small> subsp. ''bakeri'']] - NSW
** [[Angophora bakeri subsp. crassifolia|''Angophora bakeri'' subsp. ''crassifolia'']] <small>[[Gregory John Leach|G.J.Leach]]</small> - NSW
* ''[[Angophora costata]]'' <small>([[Joseph Gaertner|Gaertn.]]) [[James Britten|Britten]] </small> – Qld, NSW
** [[Angophora costata subsp. costata|''Angophora costata'' <small>(Gaertn.) Britten </small> subsp. ''costata'']] – Qld, NSW
** [[Angophora costata subsp. euryphylla|''Angophora costata'' subsp. ''euryphylla'']] <small>[[Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson|L.A.S.Johnson]] ex G.J.Leach</small>  – NSW
* ''[[Angophora floribunda]]'' <small>([[James Edward Smith (botanist)|Sm.]]) [[Robert Sweet (botanist)|Sweet]]</small> - Qld, NSW, Vic.
* ''[[Angophora hispida]]'' <small>(Sm.) [[Donald Frederick Blaxell|Blaxell]]</small> - NSW
* ''[[Angophora inopina]]'' <small>[[Ken Hill (botanist)|K.D.Hill]]</small> - NSW
* ''[[Angophora leiocarpa]]'' <small>(L.A.S.Johnson ex G.J.Leach) [[Kevin Thiele|K.R.Thiele]] & [[Pauline Y. Ladiges|Ladiges]]</small> - NSW, Qld.
* ''[[Angophora melanoxylon]]'' <small>[[Richard Thomas Baker|R.T.Baker]]</small> - Qld., NSW
* ''[[Angophora robur]]'' <small>L.A.SJohnson & K.D.Hill</small> - NSW
* ''[[Angophora subvelutina]]'' <small>[[Ferdinand von Mueller|F.Muell.]]</small> - NSW
* ''[[Angophora woodsiana]]'' <small>[[Frederick Manson Bailey|F.M.Bailey]]</small> - Qld., NSW

==Distribution==
Angophoras are found in coastal Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria from the Atherton Tableland to eastern Victoria.<ref name="nsw" />

<gallery caption='' '' : heights="180px" mode=packed style="margin-top:3em;">
Angophora hispida DSC 7157 (11023015645).jpg |''[[Angophora hispida|A. hispida]]'' buds & flowers
Angophora hispida DSC 6592 (33368522242).jpg|''[[Angophora hispida|A. hispida]]'' fruit
Angophora hispida Angophora hispida new growth IMG 5611 (1867066136).jpg|''[[Angophora hispida|A. hispida]]'' [[lignotuber]] regrowth after fire
Angophora hispida DSC 4503 (27666550975).jpg|''[[Angophora hispida|A. hispida]]'' opposite and decussate leaves

</gallery>
{{clear|all}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Angophora}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1904772}}

[[Category:Angophora| ]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of Australia]]
[[Category:Myrtaceae genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Antonio José Cavanilles]]
[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]]