Editing Angra dos Reis

{{short description|Municipality in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil}}
{{about|the municipality in Brazil|the Angra dos Reis meteorite of 1869|Angra dos Reis meteorite|the song by Legião Urbana|Angra dos Reis (song)}}
{{morerefs|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Angra dos Reis
| official_name                   = Municipality of Angra dos Reis
| settlement_type                 = [[Municipalities of Brazil|Municipality]]
| nickname                        = ''Angra''
| motto                           = 
| image_skyline                   = {{multiple image|total_width=300px|perrow=2/2/2/1|border=infobox
| image1                          = Angra dos Reis, Brazil 2018 116.jpg
| image2                          = Colégio Naval, Angra dos Reis 2019 14.jpg
| image3                          = Angra dos Reis, Brazil 2018 085.jpg
| image4                          = Angra dos Reis, Brazil 2018 069.jpg
| image5                          = Angra dos Reis, Brazil 2018 100.jpg
| image6                          = Angra dos Reis, Brazil 2018 139.jpg
| image7                          = Angra dos Reis WV Banner.jpg
}}
| imagesize                       =
| image_caption                   = 
| image_flag                      = Bandeira-angradosreis2.PNG
| image_seal                      = Brasão de Angra dos Reis.png
| image_map                       = RiodeJaneiro Municip AngradosReis.svg
| mapsize                         = 
| map_caption                     = Location in Rio de Janeiro
| subdivision_type                = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name                = {{flag|Brazil}}
| subdivision_type1               = [[Regions of Brazil|Region]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Southeast Region, Brazil|Southeast]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[States of Brazil|State]]
| subdivision_name2               = {{flag|Rio de Janeiro}}
| leader_title                    = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name                     = Fernando Jordão
| leader_party                    = [[Brazilian Democratic Movement|MDB]]
| established_title               = Founded
| established_date                = 6 January 1502
| area_total_km2                  = 816.3
| population_as_of                = 2020
| population_note                 = 
| population_total                = 207,044
| population_footnotes            = <ref>[https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/rj/angra-dos-reis/panorama IBGE 2020]</ref>
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_density_sq_mi        = 
| population_metro                = 
| population_density_metro_km2    = 
| population_density_metro_sq_mi  = 
| population_urban                = 
| timezone                        = [[Time in Brazil|BRT]]
| utc_offset                      = &minus;3
| timezone_DST                    = 
| utc_offset_DST                  = 
| coordinates                     = {{coord|23|00|24|S|44|19|05|W|display=inline}}
| elevation_m                     = 5.78
| elevation_ft                    = 
| postal_code_type                = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code                     =
| blank_name                      = '''[[Human Development Index|HDI]]''' (2010)
| blank_info                      = 0.724  – <span style="color:#090">high</span><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708233352/http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2014 |access-date=August 1, 2013 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP)
}}</ref> 
| website                         = {{URL|angra.rj.gov.br}}
| footnotes                       = 
}}
'''Angra dos Reis''' ({{IPA|pt|ˈɐ̃ɡɾɐ duʒ ˈʁejʃ}}; [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] for ''cove'' or ''bay of the Kings'') is a [[List of municipalities in Rio de Janeiro|municipality]] located in the southern part of the [[Brazilian state]] of [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]]. The city is located by the sea and includes in its territory many offshore islands, the largest being [[Ilha Grande]].

The area was first documented by Europeans on January 6, 1502, and has been under continual settlement since 1556. Its [[population]] was estimated, on 2021 by [[IBGE]], to be 210,171 [[inhabitants]].<ref name="IBGE2">{{cite web |title=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|url=http://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_de_Populacao/Estimativas_2018/estimativa_dou_2018_20181019.pdf |year=2018 |quote=2018 Estimates of Population |access-date=6 March 2019 |language=pt-BR |format=PDF}}</ref>

==History==
The port municipality fell into decline after 1872, having been bypassed by the advent of railways. It came back into prominence in the 1920s, when a railway extension connected it to the states of [[Minas Gerais]] and [[Goias]], as a terminus for the transportation of agriculture production from these same two states. The railway extension, in [[metre gauge]], still exists and is currently operated by the ''Ferrovia Centro-Atlântica'' company.

In the mid-twentieth century, the municipality was an essential part of the implementation of [[Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional]] – CSN, [[Volta Redonda]], and the endpoint for [[coking coal]] supplied from [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]]. Today, the same company also uses the port for some of its steel exports.

Its current importance is due, in part, to having a ferry terminal facility in the Bay of [[Ilha Grande]] and its harbour, used by [[Petrobras|TEBIG Petrobras]], which transports large quantities of [[crude oil]], and thus positions the port of Angra dos Reis as one of the busiest in the country.

Today, because of its beaches and nearby points of interest, the place has become a focal point for tourism. Within the municipality are over three hundred islands, many of them owned by celebrities, with the largest island being Ilha Grande (Big Island). The Brazilian plastic surgeon and philanthropist [[Ivo Pitanguy]] was a noted resident.

Most of the region consists of hilly terrain, which helped generate the landslides that occurred at the beginning of 2010, when numerous homes and hotels were severely damaged or destroyed, mainly on Ilha Grande.

== Economy ==
The most important economic activities are commerce, fishing, industry, services, and [[tourism]]. The port has an oil terminal as well as shipbuilding (Keppel Fels, former Verolme) facilities. Brazil's nuclear power stations, [[Angra Nuclear Power Plant|Angra I and Angra II]]  are located nearby. They employ 3,000 people, and generate another 10,000 indirect jobs in Rio de Janeiro State. Tourism is highly developed, with beaches, islands and clean waters for swimming or scuba diving. The nuclear power stations also warm the area's waters with their thermal discharges, a form of [[thermal pollution]].

There is a small amount of cattle raising, with approximately 4,200 head. The main agricultural products cultivated are:
*bananas: 1,460&nbsp;hectares / 3,600&nbsp;tons
*coconut: 10&nbsp;hectares / 130,000 units
*oranges: 4&nbsp;hectares / 25&nbsp;tons
*hearts of palm (palmito): 50&nbsp;hectares / 75&nbsp;tons
*sugarcane: 20&nbsp;hectares / 390&nbsp;tons
Data are from [https://web.archive.org/web/20080611095922/http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/default.php IBGE]

==Etymology==
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2008}}
[[Gaspar de Lemos]], a [[navigator]] and [[commander]] of the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[naval fleet]] landed at [[Ilha Grande]] on 6 January 1502, a “''[[Epiphany (holiday)|Kings’ day]]''” &ndash; that is, “''Dia de Reis''”. Accordingly, the place was named “''Angra dos Reis''”, which means “''Creek of the Kings''” or loosely – “''Anchorage of the Kings''”.

== Transportation ==
The city is served by [[Angra dos Reis Airport]].
==Geography==
===Location===
[[File:Angra dos Reis - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Angra dos Reis Bay view]]
Angra dos Reis has an area of 816.3&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. The neighboring [[municipalities]] are [[Paraty]], [[Rio Claro, Rio de Janeiro|Rio Claro]] and [[Mangaratiba]] in [[Rio de Janeiro state]], and [[Bananal, São Paulo|Bananal]] and [[São José do Barreiro]], which are adjacent in [[São Paulo]] state.

The municipality contains the {{convert|12072|ha}} [[Ilha Grande State Park]], created in 1971 on the [[Ilha Grande]] off the southern coast.<ref>{{citation|ref={{harvid|Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande ... Ilhagrande.org}}|language=pt |title=Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande - Angra dos Reis - RJ|work=Ilhagrande.org |url=http://www.ilhagrande.org/pagina/parque-estadual-da-ilha-grande|access-date=2016-09-23}}</ref>
It contains the {{convert|3502|ha}} [[Praia do Sul Biological Reserve]], a strictly protected conservation unit created in 1981 on the Ilha Grande.<ref>{{citation |title=Reserva Biológica Estadual da Praia do Sul|publisher=INEA |url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/Portal/Agendas/BIODIVERSIDADEEAREASPROTEGIDAS/UnidadesdeConservacao/INEA_008602 |access-date=2016-04-16|language=pt}}</ref>
It contains the {{convert|1312|ha}} [[Aventureiro Sustainable Development Reserve]], formerly the Aventureiro Marine State Park, also on Ilha Grande.<ref>{{citation|ref={{harvid|PES Marinho do Aventureiro – ISA}}|language=pt
 |title=PES Marinho do Aventureiro|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental
 |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/590758|access-date=2016-09-23}}</ref>
The municipality also contains part of the [[Tamoios Ecological Station]].<ref>{{citation|language=pt |title=Unidade de Conservação: Estação Ecológica de Tamoios|publisher=MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente |url=http://sistemas.mma.gov.br/cnuc/index.php?ido=relatorioparametrizado.exibeRelatorio&relatorioPadrao=true&idUc=63|access-date=2016-04-20}}</ref>
The conservation units are contained within the {{convert|12400|ha}} [[Tamoios Environmental Protection Area]], created in 1982.<ref>{{citation|ref={{harvid|APA de Tamoios – INEA}} |language=pt |title=APA de Tamoios |publisher=INEA: Instituto Estadual do Ambiente |url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/Portal/Agendas/BIODIVERSIDADEEAREASPROTEGIDAS/UnidadesdeConservacao/INEA_008608|access-date=2016-09-26}}</ref>

===Climate===

According to [[Köppen climate classification]], Angra dos Reis has a [[tropical rainforest climate]] (Af).

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location = Angra dos Reis (1981–2010)
|Jan high C = 	29.8
|Feb high C = 	30.1
|Mar high C = 	29.0
|Apr high C = 	28.2
|May high C = 	25.7
|Jun high C = 	24.7
|Jul high C = 	24.0
|Aug high C = 	24.3
|Sep high C = 	24.5
|Oct high C = 	25.4
|Nov high C = 	26.9
|Dec high C = 	28.3
| year high C = 	26.7
|Jan low C = 	23.3
|Feb low C = 	23.0
|Mar low C = 	22.5
|Apr low C = 	21.4
|May low C = 	19.0
|Jun low C = 	17.7
|Jul low C = 	16.6
|Aug low C = 	17.3
|Sep low C = 	18.3
|Oct low C = 	19.4
|Nov low C = 	20.7
|Dec low C = 	22.0
| year low C = 	20.1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 	235.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 	188.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 	206.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 	166.9
|May precipitation mm = 	114.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 	71.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 	90.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 	54.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 	120.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 	141.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 	148.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 	258
|year precipitation mm = 	1796
 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 	14
| Feb precipitation days = 	11
| Mar precipitation days = 	12
| Apr precipitation days = 	10
| May precipitation days = 	9
| Jun precipitation days = 	7
| Jul precipitation days = 	8
| Aug precipitation days = 	7
| Sep precipitation days = 	12
| Oct precipitation days = 	13
| Nov precipitation days = 	12
| Dec precipitation days =	15
| year precipitation days =
|source 1 = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia<ref name=INMET>{{cite web
| url = http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=clima/normaisclimatologicas
| title = Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = Portuguese
| accessdate = 21 May 2024}}</ref>
}}

== References ==
<references/>

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Angra dos Reis}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051103005627/http://angra-dos-reis-rj.com/english/index.htm Angra dos Reis]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080407104232/http://www.angrabusca.com/index.asp Angra dos Reis (Portuguese)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060110044114/http://www.angra2reis.com.br/index.htm Angra dos Reis (Portuguese)]
* [https://archive.today/20130101000333/http://www.angradigital.com.br/index.htm Angra dos Reis (Portuguese)]

{{Municipalities of Rio de Janeiro}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Populated coastal places in Rio de Janeiro (state)]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1556]]
[[Category:1556 establishments in the Portuguese Empire]]
[[Category:Municipalities in Rio de Janeiro (state)]]
[[Category:Angra dos Reis| ]]