Editing Anigozanthos

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Australian English|date=May 2013}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Anigozanthos.flavidus1.jpg
|image_caption = Tall kangaroo paw (''Anigozanthos flavidus'')
|taxon = Anigozanthos
|authority = [[Jacques Labillardière|Labill.]]
|type_species = ''[[Anigozanthos rufus]]'' Labill.
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = Family has about 11 species, and several subspecies are known.
}}

'''''Anigozanthos''''' is a [[genus]] of plant found naturally in the [[Southwest Australia|Southwestern Australia]] biogeographic region, belonging to the bloodwort family [[Haemodoraceae]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:19442-1 |title= ''Anigozanthos'' Labill. |date= 2022 |website= Plants of the World Online |publisher= Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date= 7 September 2022 }}</ref><ref name="Florabase">{{cite web |url=https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/21227 |title=''Anigozanthos'' Labill. |date=1998 |website=Florabase—the Western Australian Flora |publisher=Western Australian Herbarium |access-date=6 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The 11 species and their subspecies are commonly known as [[kangaroo paw]] or catspaw, depending on their size, and the shape and colour of their flowers. A further species, previously identified as ''Anigozanthos fuliginosus'' (black kangaroo paw), was separated to a [[monotypic]] genus as ''[[Macropidia fuliginosa]]''. All 11 species of Anigozanthos are endemic to the south west of Western Australia,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.anbg.gov.au/anigozanthos/ | title=Kangaroo Paws - Anigozanthos - Australian Plant Information }}</ref> [[Noongar]] Boodjar.

The species are recognised by their unusual flowers, numerous hybrids and cultivars have been developed for cultivation and floristry in recent years; kangaroo paws are much in demand as house plants and as cut flowers. The [[Anigozanthos manglesii|red-and-green kangaroo paw]] is the floral emblem of Western Australia.

==Taxonomy==
The genus was first named by [[Jacques Labillardière]], a French botanist, in his work, ''[[Relation du Voyage à la Recherche de la Pérouse]]'', issued in 1800;<ref>{{APNI|name=''Anigozanthos'' Labill.|id= 38208}}</ref> he collected and described the [[type species]], ''[[Anigozanthos rufus]]'', during the [[d'Entrecasteaux]] expedition's visit to [[Southwest Australia]] in 1792.<ref name="ASBS">{{cite news|url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/asbs/newsletter/newsletter-pdf/03-june-115.pdf |title=Labillardière, French naturalist extraordinaire |last=Barker |first=Robyn |date=June 2003 |work=Australian Systematic Botany Society Newsletter |publisher=ASBS |pages=19 |access-date=13 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209125945/http://www.anbg.gov.au/asbs/newsletter/newsletter-pdf/03-june-115.pdf |archive-date=9 December 2008 }}</ref> However, he does not provide a meaning for this name in his description. [[Charles Gardner (botanist)|C.A. Gardener]] derived it from the Greek words {{lang|el|ἄνισος}} ''ánisos'' "unequal"<ref name="anisos">{{cite web|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=a)/nisos |title=ἄνισος |last1=Liddell |first1=Henry George |last2=Scott |first2=Robert |work=A Greek-English Lexicon |publisher=Perseus Digital Library |date= 1940 }}</ref> and {{lang|el|ἄνθος}} ''ánthos'' "flower"<ref name="anthos">{{cite web|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=a)%2Fnqos1 |title=ἄνθος |last1=Liddell |first1=Henry George |last2=Scott |first2=Robert |work=A Greek-English Lexicon |publisher=Perseus Digital Library |date= 1940 }}</ref> according to La Billardiere's description of its collective [[petal]]s as 'irregular' and 'in the form of a tube divided at its extremities into six unequal parts', he assumed the "g" was inserted for [[euphony]].<ref name="Florabase"/>

The common name 'kangaroo paw' was initially given to ''[[Anigozanthos manglesii]]'' and came to be used for other species of ''Anigozanthos'' as they became known. The origin of the name 'catspaw' is uncertain, but presumed to distinguish the compact size of the plant and flowers from others of the genus. Kangaroo paws refers to a grouping of species resembling ''A. manglesii'', with elongated red and green (or green) flowers and greater overall size.<ref name="Hopper1993">{{cite book |last1=Hopper |first1=Stephen |last2=Wells |first2=B. & B. (photography) |last3=Pieroni |first3=M. (illustration) |title=Kangaroo paws and catspaws; a natural history and field guide |date=1993 |publisher=CALM |location=Perth}}</ref>

==Description==
[[File:Anigozanthos.flavidus2.jpg|thumb|left|170px|Tall kangaroo paw (''Anigozanthos flavidus'').]]
These [[Perennial plant|perennials]] are [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to dry sandy, [[silica|siliceous]] areas of southwest Australia, but they occur as well in a variety of other environments and soil types. They are grown commercially in Australia, the United States, Japan and Israel.

The plant grows from short, underground, horizontal [[rhizome]]s. The length and the character of these may vary between the species: some are fleshy, others are fragile. The [[sap]] in the [[root]] system allows the plants to survive extreme dry spells. In summer, a number of species die back to the rhizome, growing back in autumn.

The plants have a basal [[Rosette (botany)|rosette]] of long green to greyish-green [[Leaf|leaves]]. The leaves of some species are hairy. From the heart of this roset merge long leafless stalks, which can reach 2 m, ending in a raceme of [[flower]]s. The size and height of these stalks, which can be clothed in coloured hairs, varies between the species.

The [[tuber]]ous flower [[bud]]s are also covered with coloured hairs, giving it a velvety aspect. These long furry hairs also determine the colour of the flower, which may range from almost black to yellow, orange and red. Some species are even dichromatic (as ''Anigozanthos manglesii''). The tubular form of the flower bud resembles a kangaroo paw, hence its name. The flower tip spreads fanlike into six petals. Full-grown plants can have up to ten flowers at the end of each stalk.

==Species==
The genus comprises 11 species, some species with subspecies recognised by [[FloraBase]] as rare or endangered taxa.<ref>{{FloraBase|name=''Anigozanthos''|id=21227}}</ref>

*''[[Anigozanthos bicolor]]'' <small>Endl.</small> (little kangaroo paw)
**''Anigozanthos bicolor'' ssp. ''bicolor'' (two-coloured kangaroo paw)
**''Anigozanthos bicolor'' ssp. ''decrescens''
**''Anigozanthos bicolor'' ssp. ''exstans''
**''Anigozanthos bicolor'' ssp. ''minor''
*''[[Anigozanthos flavidus]]'' <small>DC.</small> (tall kangaroo paw)
*''[[Anigozanthos gabrielae]]'' <small>Domin</small> (dwarf kangaroo paw)
*''[[Anigozanthos humilis]]'' 
**''Anigozanthos humilis'' ssp. ''humilis'' (common catspaw)
**''Anigozanthos humilis'' ssp. ''chrysanthus'' (Mogumber catspaw)
**''Anigozanthos humilis'' ssp. ''grandis'' (tall catspaw)
*''[[Anigozanthos kalbarriensis]]'' (Kalbarri catspaw)
*''[[Anigozanthos manglesii]]'' <small>D.Don</small> (red-and-green kangaroo paw)
**''Anigozanthos manglesii'' ssp. ''manglesii''
**''Anigozanthos manglesii'' ssp. ''quadrans''
*''[[Anigozanthos onycis]]'' (branched catspaw)
*''[[Anigozanthos preissii]]'' (Albany catspaw)
*''[[Anigozanthos pulcherrimus]]'' <small>Hook.</small> (golden kangaroo paw)
*''[[Anigozanthos rufus]]'' <small>Labill.</small> (red kangaroo paw)
*''[[Anigozanthos viridis]]'' <small>Endl.</small> 
**''Anigozanthos viridis'' subsp. ''viridis'' (green kangaroo paw)
**''Anigozanthos viridis'' subsp. ''terraspectans'' <small>Hopper</small> (dwarf green kangaroo paw)
**''Anigozanthos viridis'' subsp. ''metallica'' (metallic green kangaroo paw)

==Commercial hybrids==
The popularity of ''Anigozanthos'', as a garden plant or commercially produced cut-flower, has led to the development of [[cultivar]]s. The [[Australian Cultivar Registration Authority]] lists twenty seven registered names and descriptions of cultivars derived from the genus.<ref name="ACRA">{{cite web|url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/acra/acra-list-2004.html|title=List of Registered Cultivars derived from Australian native flora|date=2004|publisher=Australian Cultivar Registration Authority|access-date=2009-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519174146/http://www.anbg.gov.au/acra/acra-list-2004.html|archive-date=19 May 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> A larger number of patents for these, accepted or granted 'varieties', are recorded in the [[Plant breeders' rights]] database.<ref name="PBR">{{cite web|url=http://pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/pbr_db/search_action.cfm?sort=txtCommonName|title=''Anigozanthos''|work=Plant Breeder's Rights|publisher=IP Australia|access-date=2009-05-18|archive-date=27 November 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121127140313/http://pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/pbr_db/search_action.cfm?sort=txtCommonName|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{Columns-list|colwidth=18em|
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Amber Velvet'
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Autumn Mystery' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Autumn Sunrise' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Baby Roo' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Big Red'
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Bush Ember'  
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Bush Emerald' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Bush Glow' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Bush Inferno'
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Bush Ochre'
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Bush Pearl'
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Bush Ranger'
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Bush Spark' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Bush Volcano'
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Charm' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Copper Charm' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Dwarf Delight'
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Early Spring'
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Gold Velvet' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Green Dragon'
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Harmony'
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Hickman’s Delight' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Kings Park Federation Flame'
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Lilac Queen' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Little Jewel' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Mini Red' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Miniprolific' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Patricia' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Pink Joey'
*''Anigozanthos'' Bush Ballad aka 'Ramboball' 
*''Anigozanthos'' Bush Blitz aka 'Ramboblitz'
*''Anigozanthos'' Bush Bonanza aka 'Rambubona'
*''Anigozanthos'' Bush Elegance aka 'Rambueleg'
*''Anigozanthos'' Bush Dance aka‘Rambudan'
*''Anigozanthos'' Bush Diamond aka 'Rambodiam'
*''Anigozanthos'' Bush Fury aka 'Rambofury'
*''Anigozanthos'' Bush Rampage aka 'Ramboramp' or 'Rampaging Roy Slaven'
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Regal Claw' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Regal Velvet' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Red Cross'
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Rogue Radiance' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Ruby Jools' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Space Age' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Spence‘s Spectacular' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Sue Dixon' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Unity' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Velvet Harmony' 
*''Anigozanthos'' 'Werite Woorata'
}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Bush-Pearl-in-RBG-Cranbourne.jpg|''Anigozanthos'' Bush Pearl in the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Cranbourne]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ramm.com.au/ramm-catalogue/catalogue/item/3-anigozanthos/26-anigozanthos-bush-pearl-kangaroo-paw |title=Anigozanthos Bush Pearl |access-date=4 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817061728/http://www.ramm.com.au/ramm-catalogue/catalogue/item/3-anigozanthos/26-anigozanthos-bush-pearl-kangaroo-paw |archive-date=17 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
File:Anigozanthos.flavidus3.jpg|Tall kangaroo paw – yellow flowers.
Image:Anigozanthos flavidus close-up.jpg|Kangaroo paw close-up.
File:Anigozanthos rambubona 1.jpg|''Anigozanthos'' 'Rambubona'.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ramm.com.au/ramm-catalogue/catalogue/item/3-anigozanthos/21-anigozanthos-bush-bonanza-kangaroo-paw |title=Anigozanthos Bush Bonanza |access-date=4 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817092050/http://www.ramm.com.au/ramm-catalogue/catalogue/item/3-anigozanthos/21-anigozanthos-bush-bonanza-kangaroo-paw |archive-date=17 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons-inline}}
*{{Wikispecies-inline}}
*[http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/search/quick?q=anigozanthos Western Australian Herbarium: ''Anigozanthos''] Department of Environment and Conservation

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1795386}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Anigozanthos| ]]
[[Category:Commelinales of Australia]]
[[Category:Angiosperms of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Commelinales genera]]