Editing Anisette

{{short description|Anise-flavored liqueur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Anisette Marie Brizard Nouvelle Bouteille.jpg|250px|right|thumb|[[Marie Brizard et Roger International|Marie Brizard]] brand anisette<ref name=Anisette/>]]
'''Anisette''', or '''Anis''', is an [[anise]]-flavored [[liqueur]] that is consumed in most [[Mediterranean region|Mediterranean]] countries. It is colorless and, because it contains sugar, is sweeter than dry anise flavoured spirits (e.g. [[absinthe]]). The most traditional style of anisette is that produced by means of distilling aniseed,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Complete Book of Spirits |last=Blue  |first=Anthony |year=2004 |publisher=HarperCollins |location=New York |isbn=0-06-054218-7 |page=283 }}</ref> and is differentiated from those produced by simple [[Maceration (food)|maceration]] by the inclusion of the word ''distilled'' on the label. 

The liqueur is often mixed with water or poured over ice cubes because of its strong flavour.<ref name=Monde/>

== Variations ==
[[Pastis]] is a similar-tasting liqueur that is prepared in similar fashion and sometimes confused with anisette. It employs a combination of both aniseed and [[licorice]] root extracts. [[Sambuca]] is essentially an anisette of Italian origin that requires a high minimum (350g/L) sugar content.

==Geographical spread==

===Mediterranean===
{{further|Mediterranean cuisine}}
[[File:Anise_alcohols_Mediterranean_map.svg|thumb|upright=1.7|[[Anise]] spirits of the Mediterranean region<ref name=Monde/>]]

In the [[Mediterranean Basin]], anise-based or liquorice-based spirits include:
{{Anchor|Anís del Mono}}

* Spain: Anís del Mono ("the monkey's anisette") has been produced since 1870.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Zurdo |first1=David |last2=Gutiérrez|first2=Ángel |title=El libro de los licores de España |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5PnLWI0HMZcC&pg=PA50|year=2004|publisher=Ediciones Robinbook |isbn=9788496054127|page=50}}</ref> The label, with a monkey holding a scroll and a bottle, was designed by [[Ramon Casas i Carbó]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Eaude |first=Michael |title=Catalonia: A Cultural History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rG3AWygXxYkC&pg=PA113 |year=2007 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780199886883 |page=113}}</ref> It is the anisette of choice in [[Malcolm Lowry]]'s ''[[Under the Volcano]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lowry |first=Malcolm |author-link=Malcolm Lowry |title=Under the Volcano: A Novel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wY0jbxhreGQC&pg=PT24 |year=2012 |publisher=Open Road Media |isbn=9781453286296|page=24}}</ref> Characters in [[Ernest Hemingway]]'s novel ''[[The Sun Also Rises]]''<ref>{{cite book |last=Hemingway |first=Ernest |author-link=Ernest Hemingway |title=The Sun Also Rises |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ghKyLjIU4-QC&pg=PA162 |year=2006 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0743297332 |page=162}}</ref> and his short story "[[Hills Like White Elephants]]" drink and discuss Anís del Toro – "Bull's Anisette." Another type, ''[[Aguardiente de Ojén]]'' ([[:es:Aguardiente de Ojén|es]]), gained fame abroad and is popular in [[New Orleans, Louisiana]], especially during the [[New Orleans Mardi Gras|Mardi Gras]] festivities.<ref>''{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141129124723/http://www.aguardienteojen.com/ Dominique Mertens Impex. S.L., Ojén, aguardiente superior]}}'', official website, in Spanish</ref><ref>[http://www.neworleansbar.org/uploads/files/OjenUpdate.3-2.pdf ''New Orleans Nostalgia'', "Banana Republics and ''Ojen'' Cocktails", Ned Hémard, 2007]</ref>
* France: Anisette, made by [[Marie Brizard]] since 1755<ref name=Anisette>{{cite web |url=http://www.cocktailtimes.com/mariebrizard/press/mariebrizard_history.pdf|title=History of Marie Brizard |work=Cocktail Times|access-date=2 January 2018}}</ref> and [[Pastis]], made by [[Paul Ricard]] since 1932<ref name=Monde/>
* Greece: [[Ouzo]]<ref name=Monde/>
* Malta: Anisetta (''Żambur''), made with anise and herbs.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Bernardy |first=A. A. |title=Forme e Colori della Tradizione Maltese |language=Italian |journal=Lares |date=1940 |volume=11 |issue=4/5 |pages=245–292 |jstor=26238461}}</ref>
* Italy: [[Sambuca]]<ref name=Monde/>
* Portugal: Licor Aniz Escarchado (crystallized)<ref>{{cite web |title=Aniz |url=https://www.xarao.pt/en/produto/aniz-2/ |publisher=Xarao.pt |access-date=16 August 2022}}</ref>
* Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Albania: [[Rakı]]<ref name=Monde/>
* Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Israel, Jordan, and Egypt: [[Arak (drink)|Arak]]<ref name=Monde/>
* Algeria: Anisette Cristal<ref name=Monde>{{cite news |last1=Dealberto |first1=Clara |last2=Desrayaud |first2=Lea |title=Le pastis, elixir provencal |work=Le Monde |date=25 July 2017 |page=28 |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/festival/article/2017/07/24/le-pastis-elixir-provencal_5164154_4415198.html?xtmc=le_pastis_elixir&xtcr=1}}{{subscription required}}</ref>

===Latin America===
Anise-flavoured alcohols from other parts of the world include [[Aguardiente]] from Colombia and Mexico.<ref name="FranzHavens2006">{{cite book|last1=Franz|first1=Carl|last2=Havens|first2=Lorena|title=The People's Guide to Mexico|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qx0eMwW-5pAC&pg=RA1-PA96|access-date=15 February 2013|year=2006|publisher=Avalon Travel|isbn=9781566917117|page=96}}</ref>

===Philippines===
Anise liqueur was also introduced to the [[Philippines]] by the Spanish, which developed into the local ''anisado'', an anise-flavored liqueur usually made from distilled [[sugarcane]] wine. A notable variant of Filipino ''anisado'' with sugar is known as ''anisado Mallorca'', or simply ''Mallorca''. They are commonly used as ingredients in [[Filipino cuisine]].<ref name="Gibbs1912">{{cite journal |last1=Gibbs |first1=H.D. |last2=Holmes |first2=W.C.|title=The Alcohol Industry of the Philippine Islands Part II: Distilled Liquors; their Consumption and Manufacture|journal=The Philippine Journal of Science: Section A |date=1912 |volume=7 |pages=19–46 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.27242}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Aranas |first1=Jennifer |title=Tropical Island Cooking: Traditional Recipes, Contemporary Flavors |date=2015 |publisher=Tuttle Publishing |isbn=9781462916894 |pages=10–11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbCHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA11}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Alcoholic drinks}}
{{Mediterranean cuisine}}

[[Category:Italian liqueurs]]
[[Category:Mediterranean cuisine]]
[[Category:Absinthe]]
[[Category:Anise liqueurs and spirits]]
[[Category:Spanish liqueurs]]
[[Category:Philippine alcoholic drinks]]