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Anomoeanism
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{{Short description|4th-century Christian sect}} {{Arianism}} In [[Christianity in the 4th century|4th-century Christianity]], the '''Anomoeans'''<ref>also spelled "'''Anomeans'''"</ref> {{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|n|ə|ˈ|m|iː|ə|n|z}}, also known as '''Heterousians''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|h|ɛ|t|ə|r|ə|ˈ|j|uː|ʒ|ə|n|z}}, '''Aetians''' {{IPAc-en|eɪ|ˈ|iː|ʃ|ə|n|z}}, or '''Eunomians''' {{IPAc-en|j|uː|ˈ|n|oʊ|m|i|ə|n|z}}, were a [[sect]] that held to a form of [[Arianism]]: that [[Jesus]] was neither of the same nature ([[homoousian]]) as [[God the Father]] nor a similar nature to God the Father ([[homoiousian]])—the latter being maintained by the [[Semi-Arianism|semi-Arians]].<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/26596/Anomoean Encyclopædia Britannica: "Anomoean"]</ref> ==Overview== The word ''anomoean'' comes from [[Greek language|Greek]] {{lang|grc|ἀ(ν)-}} (''an-'') 'not' and {{lang|grc|ὅμοιος}} (''homoios'') 'similar', thus 'different; dissimilar'. In the 4th century, during the reign of [[Constantius II]], this was the name by which the followers of [[Aëtius (theologian)|Aëtius]] and [[Eunomius]] were described. The term ''heterousian'' derives from [[Greek language|Greek]] {{lang|grc|ἑτεροούσιος}}, ''heterooúsios'' 'differing in substance' from {{lang|grc|ἕτερος}}, ''héteros'' 'another' and {{lang|grc|οὐσία}}, ''ousía'' 'substance, being'. The semi-Arians condemned the Anomoeans in the [[Council of Seleucia]], and the Anomoeans condemned the semi-Arians in their turn in the Councils of [[Council of Constantinople (360)|Constantinople]] and [[Synods of Antioch|Antioch]]; erasing the word {{lang|grc|ὅμοιος}} (''homoios'') from the formula of [[Council of Rimini|Rimini]] and that of Constantinople and protesting that the Word had not only a different substance but also a will different from that of the Father. From that, they were to be called {{lang|grc|ἀνόμοιοι}} (''anomoioi''). In the 5th century, the Anomoean presbyter [[Philostorgius]] wrote an Anomoean church history.<ref>Philostorgius, ''Church History''.</ref> ==Notable Anomoeans== [[File:Eunomius from Nuremberg Chronicle.jpg|thumb|[[Eunomius of Cyzicus]], from the [[Nuremberg Chronicle]]]] *[[Aëtius (theologian)|Aëtius]], who founded the Anomoean tradition, later bishop (361–?).<ref>Philostorgius, in Photius, ''Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius'', book 7, chapter 6.</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">Socrates Scholasticus, ''Church History'', book 2, chapter 35.</ref> *[[Theodulus (bishop)|Theodulus]], bishop of [[Chaeretapa]] (?–c. 363) and [[Palestine (region)#Middle Ages|Palestine]] (c. 363–c. 379).<ref>Philostorgius, in Photius, ''Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius'', book 8, chapter 2 and book 9, chapter 18.</ref><ref>Socrates Scholasticus, ''Church History'', book 2, chapter 40.</ref> *[[Eunomius of Cyzicus|Eunomius]], bishop of [[Cyzicus]] (360–361) and exiled bishop (361–c. 393).<ref name="ReferenceA" /><ref>Philostorgius, in Photius, ''Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius'', book 5, chapter 3 and book 6, chapters 1–3.</ref> *[[Paemenius]], bishop of [[Constantinople]], (c. 363, at the same time as [[Eudoxius of Antioch]]).<ref name="ReferenceB">Philostorgius, in Photius, ''Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius'', book 8, chapter 2.</ref> *[[Candidus (Bishop of Lydia)]], (c. 363–?).<ref name="ReferenceB" /> *[[Arrianus (bishop)|Arrianus]], bishop of [[Ionia]], (c. 363–?).<ref name="ReferenceB" /> *[[Florentius of Constantinople|Florentius]], bishop of [[Constantinople]], (c. 363–?, at the same time as [[Eudoxius of Antioch]]).<ref name="ReferenceB" /> *[[Thallus of Lesbos|Thallus]], bishop of [[Lesbos]], (c. 363–?, at the same time as [[Eudoxius of Antioch]]).<ref name="ReferenceB" /> *[[Euphronius (bishop)|Euphronius]], bishop of [[Galatia]], the [[Black Sea]] and [[Cappadocia]], (c. 363–?).<ref name="ReferenceB" /> *[[Julian (bishop of Cilicia)|Julian]], bishop of [[Cilicia]], (c. 363–?).<ref name="ReferenceB" /> *[[Serras]], [[Stephen (bishop of Egypt)|Stephen]], and Heliodorus, bishops of Egypt, (c. 363–?).<ref name="ReferenceB" /> *[[Philostorgius]], historian. ==Notable opponents of Anomoeanism== *[[Basil of Caesarea]], bishop of [[Caesarea (Mazaca)|Caesarea]], and author of ''Against Eunomius''. *[[Gregory of Nazianzus]], archbishop of [[Constantinople]], prolific writer and orator. [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf207.iii.xiii.html ''The First Theological Oration. A Preliminary Discourse Against the Eunomians.''] *[[Gregory of Nyssa]], bishop of the Cappadocian town of [[Nyssa (Cappadocia)|Nyssa]] and brother to Basil of Caesaria. ''[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf205.viii.i.iii.i.html Against Eunomius]'' (12 books) and ''[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf205.viii.ii.ii.html Answer to Eunomius' Second Book].'' ==See also== *[[Archbishop Nectarius of Constantinople]] *[[Homoean]]s, in contrast to the Anomoeans *[[Arianism]] *[[Arian controversy]] ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== *First edition [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] [issued 1768-1771] *{{1728}} {{Heresies condemned by the Catholic Church}} [[Category:Arianism]] [[Category:Trinitarianism]] [[Category:Christian terminology]] [[Category:Nature of Jesus Christ]]
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