Editing Antonov An-28

{{short description|Utility transport aircraft by Antonov}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox aircraft
 |name= An-28
 |image= File:PZL-Mielec An-28, Chaika Avia Company AN1414321.jpg
 |caption= Antonov An-28 in 2008
 |type= Short-range [[airliner]], [[utility aircraft]]
 |builder= WSK [[PZL Mielec]]
 |design_group =[[Antonov]]
 |first_flight= September 1969
 |introduction= 1986
 |retired=
 |status= In service
 |primary_user= [[Aeroflot]] (former)
 |more_users=
 |produced= 1975–1993
 |number_built= 191
 |developed_from= [[Antonov An-14]]
 |variants=[[PZL M28]]
 |developed_into= [[Antonov An-38]]
}}

The '''Antonov An-28''' ([[NATO reporting name]] '''Cash''') is a twin-engined light turboprop transport aircraft, developed from the [[Antonov An-14]]M. It was the winner of a competition against the [[Beriev Be-30]], for use by [[Aeroflot]] as a short-range airliner.<ref name="airliners.net">{{cite web|author=Lundgren, Johan (1996–2006)|url=http://www.airliners.net/info/stats.main?id=38|title=The Antonov/PZL Mielec An-28|work=[[Airliners.net]]|publisher=AirNav Systems LLC|access-date=1 July 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060618095400/http://www.airliners.net/info/stats.main?id=38| archive-date= 18 June 2006 | url-status= live}}</ref> It first flew in 1969. A total of 191 were built and 16 remain in [[airline]] service as at August 2015.<ref>Morrison, Murdo; Fafard, Antoine (31 July 2015). "World Airliner Census 2015". Flightglobal Insight. Flight International (Flightglobal, published 11 August 2015)</ref> After a short pre-production series built by Antonov, it was licence-built in Poland by [[PZL-Mielec]]. In 1993, PZL-Mielec developed its own improved variant, the [[PZL M28 Skytruck]].

==Development==
The An-28 is similar to the An-14 in many aspects, including its wing structure and twin [[rudder]]s, but features an expanded [[fuselage]] and [[turboprop]] engines, in place of the An-14's [[Reciprocating engine|piston engines]]. The An-28 first flew as a modified An-14 in 1969. The next preproduction model did not fly until 1975. In passenger carrying configuration, accommodation was provided for up to 15 people, in addition to the two-man crew.<ref name=obs>Green, W. 1976. ''The Observer's Book of Aircraft''. (25th ed.) Frederick Warne & Co. pp. 254. {{ISBN|0-7232-1553-7}}</ref> Production was transferred to PZL-Mielec in 1978. The first Polish-built aircraft did not fly until 1984. The An-28 finally received its Soviet type certificate in 1986.

==Variants==
;An-14A
:The original Antonov designation for an enlarged, twin-turboprop version of the An-14.
;An-14M
:Prototype.
;An-28
:Twin-engined short-range utility transport aircraft, three built.
;An-28RM Bryza 1RM
:Search and rescue, air ambulance aircraft.
;An-28TD Bryza 1TD
:Transport version.
;An-28PT
:Variant made in Poland with Pratt & Whitney PT6 engines first flown 22 July 1993.

==Operators==

===Civil operators===

[[File:1979. Ан-28.jpg|thumb|An-28 on USSR postal stamp]]
Major operators of the 16 Antonov An-28 aircraft remaining in airline service include:
; {{ARM}}
* Skiva Air (2)
; {{RUS}}
* [[Vostok Airlines]] (3)
* [[SiLA (airlines)|SiLA]] (3)
; {{TJK}}
* [[Tajik Air]] (2)

====Former civilian operators====
; {{EST}}
* [[Air Livonia]]
* [[Enimex]]
; {{flag|Kazakhstan}}
* Avluga-Trans (11)
; {{KGZ}}
* [[Kyrgyzstan Airlines]] (5)
; {{MDA}}
* [[Tepavia Trans]] (4)
; {{SUR}}
* [[Blue Wing Airlines]] (formerly operated five with three lost in crashes on 3 April 2008, 15 October 2009, and 15 May 2010)

===Military operators===
; {{GEO}}
* [[Georgian Air Force]] – two as of December 2016.<ref name="fi16 p35">{{harvnb|Hoyle|2016|p=35}}</ref>
; {{flag|Tanzania}}
* [[Tanzania Air Force Command]] – one as of December 2016.<ref name="fi16 p48">{{harvnb|Hoyle|2016|p=48}}</ref>

===Former military operators===
; {{DJI}}
* [[Djibouti Air Force]] two retired.
; {{PER}}
* [[Peruvian Army]] two in storage{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

===Former operators===
; {{USSR}}
* [[Aeroflot]]
* [[Soviet Air Force]]

==Notable accidents and incidents==
;19 October 1992
:[[Aeroflot]] Flight 302 stalled and crashed shortly after takeoff from Ust-Nem, Russia following a loss of control due to engine failure, killing 15 of 16 on board.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 CCCP-28785 Ust-Nem |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19921019-0 |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref> 
;'''29 December 1999'''
:[[Ecuato Guineana]] (3C-JJI) An-28 crashed into the [[Black Sea]] off [[İnebolu]], killing all six people on board.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 3C-JJI Inebolu |url=https://www.aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19991229-0 |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=www.aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
;23 November 2001
:ELK Airways Flight 1007, an An-28 ''ES-NOV'' operated by [[Enimex]], struck trees and crashed about 1.5&nbsp;km from the airport while attempting to land in bad weather at [[Kärdla Airport]], Estonia. Of the 14 passengers and 3 crew on board, 2 passengers were killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20011123-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident Antonov 28 ES-NOV Kärdla|first=Harro|last=Ranter|website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
;29 August 2002
:[[Vostok Aviation Company]] Flight 359 struck a mountain slope near Ayan, Russia after the pilot descended too soon during the approach to Ayan, killing all 16 on board.<ref>{{ASN accident|id=20020829-0|title=RA-28932}}</ref>
;25 May 2005
:A chartered [[Maniema Union]] An-28, owned by Victoria Air, crashed into a mountain near [[Walungu]] in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], about 30 minutes after takeoff. All of the 22 passengers and five crew members were killed.
;3 August 2006
:A [[TRACEP-Congo Aviation]] An-28 (9Q-COM) struck a mountainside in low cloud while descending for Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing all 17 on board.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 9Q-COM Bukavu |url=https://www.aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20060803-0 |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=www.aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
;3 April 2008
:A [[Blue Wing Airlines]] An-28 [[Blue Wing Airlines 2008 plane crash|crashed upon landing]] near [[Benzdorp]] in [[Suriname]]. All 19 on board were killed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 PZ-TSO Lawa-Antino Airport |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20080403-0 |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
;15 October 2009
:A [[Blue Wing Airlines]] An-28 overran the runway on landing at [[Kwamelasemoetoe Airstrip]], [[Suriname]] and hit an obstacle. The aircraft was substantially damaged and four people were injured, one seriously.<ref name=ASN151009>{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20091015-0 |title=Accident description |publisher=Aviation safety network |access-date=18 October 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091030180033/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20091015-0| archive-date= 30 October 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref>
;15 May 2010
: A [[Blue Wing Airlines]] An-28 crashed over the [[Marowijne District|upper Marowijne district]] approximately {{convert|3|mi|km|0|order=flip}} north-east of Poketi, [[Suriname]]. The two pilots and six passengers died.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 PZ-TSV Poeketi |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20100515-0 |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
;30 January 2012
:A TRACEP-Congo Aviation An-28 crashed while on a domestic cargo flight from [[Kavumu Airport|Bukavu-Kamenbe Airport]] to [[Namoya Airstrip]], Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing three of the five crew.<ref name=ASN300112>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20120130-0 |title=9Q-CUN? Accident description |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=5 February 2012}}</ref>
;12 September 2012
:[[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Flight 251 (2012)|Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Flight 251]] crashed while on a domestic flight from [[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky]] to [[Palana Airport]], killing ten of 14 people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 RA-28715 Palana Airport |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20120912-0 |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
;16 July 2021
:[[SiLA Airlines Flight 42]] force-landed and crashed upside-down in the [[Bakcharsky District]], Tomsk Oblast, Russia after both engines failed due to icing; all 18 on board survived.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 RA-28728 Kedrovo |url=https://www.aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20210716-0 |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=www.aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
;27 February 2022
An An-28 was damaged by Russian artillery during the [[Battle of Hostomel|attack on Hostomel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/v-dp-antonov-rozpovily-pro-znyshheni-litaky-v-gostomeli/|title=В ДП «Антонов» розповіли про знищені літаки в Гостомелі|work=Mil.in.ua|date=4 April 2022|language=uk}}</ref><ref name="Antonovlosses">{{cite web|url=https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/utylizovuvaty-an-225-mriya-ne-budut-tryvayut-slidchi-diyi-dmytro-antonov/|title=Утилізовувати Ан-225 "Мрія" не будуть, тривають слідчі дії – Дмитро Антонов|work=Mil.in.ua|date=5 June 2022|language=uk|quote=As for other planes that remained in Hostomel, the pilot said that the An-74 and An-26 were destroyed. But An-22 and An-124 "Ruslan" are damaged. Regarding their recovery, the pilot said:''"I believe that Ruslan will be restored, An-28 will be restored. The An-22 may also be restored, but it has been severely damaged.”''}}</ref>

==Specifications (An-28)==
[[File:Antonov An-14 and An-28 silhouettes.png|thumb|Comparison of the An-14 and the An-28]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1993–94<ref name="jawa93p231-3">{{Harvnb|Lambert|1993|pp=231–233}}</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=2
|capacity=<br>
**17 passengers ''or''
**{{convert|1750|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|length m=13.10
|length note=
|span m=22.06
|span note=
|height m=4.90
|height note=
|wing area sqm=39.72
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=12.3
|airfoil=TsAGI R-II-14 (14% thickness) 
|empty weight kg=3900
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=6500
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{convert|1960|L|impgal USgal|abbr=on}}
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Omsk Engine Design Bureau|Glushenkov TVD-10B]]
|eng1 type=[[turboprop]] engines
|eng1 shp=960
|eng1 note=

|prop blade number=3
|prop name=AW-24AN 
|prop dia m=2.80<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=350
|max speed note=at {{convert|3000|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|cruise speed kmh=335
|cruise speed note=at {{convert|3000|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=390
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=1365
|range note=(max fuel, {{convert|1000|kg|lb|abbr=on}} payload)
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=6000
|ceiling note=
|g limits=+3 <!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ftmin=1640
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass=
|more performance=*'''Take-off run to 10.7 m (35 ft):''' {{convert|410|m|ft|abbr=on}}
*'''Landing run from 15 m (50 ft):''' {{convert|315|m|ft|abbr=on}}

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[Antonov An-14]]
* [[Antonov An-38]]
* [[PZL M28 Skytruck]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[CASA C-212 Aviocar]]
* [[De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter]]
* [[Dornier 228]]
* [[GAF Nomad]]
* [[Harbin Y-12]]
* [[IAI Arava]]
* [[Let L-410 Turbolet]]
* [[Short SC.7 Skyvan]]
|lists=
* [[List of civil aircraft]]
|see also=
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Hoyle|first=Craig |title = World Air Forces Directory|magazine= Flight International |date=6–12 December 2016 |pages=22–53|volume=190|issue=5566 |issn=0015-3710}}
*{{cite book |editor-last=Lambert |editor-first=Mark |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1993–94 |year=1993 |location=Coulsdon, UK |publisher=Jane's Data Division |isbn=0-7106-1066-1 }}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081012020458/http://militarypedia.corran.pl/wiki/PZL_M28B_Bryza_w_Wojsku_Polskim List of all PZL M28 aircraft used by Polish Air Force]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090225144140/http://militarypedia.corran.pl/wiki/PZL_M28_-_lista_produkcyjna An-28/M28/M28B production list]

{{Antonov aircraft}}

[[Category:Antonov aircraft|An-028]]
[[Category:1960s Soviet airliners|Antonov An-028]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1969]]
[[Category:Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Twin-tail aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear]]