Editing Appellation

{{Short description|Legally defined and protected geographical indication}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Other uses}}

An '''appellation''' is a legally defined and protected [[geographical indication]] primarily used to identify where the [[grape]]s for a [[wine]] were grown, although other types of food often have appellations as well.  Restrictions other than geographical boundaries, such as what grapes may be grown, maximum grape yields, alcohol level, and other quality factors may also apply before an appellation name may legally appear on a wine bottle label. The rules that govern appellations are dependent on the country in which the wine was produced.

==History==
The tradition of wine appellation is very old. The oldest references are to be found in the Bible, where ''wine of [[Samaria]]'', ''wine of [[Mount Carmel|Carmel]]'', ''wine of [[Jezreel (city)|Jezreel]]'',<ref>Geoffrey W. Bromiley, ''International Standard Bible Encyclopedia'', Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1995, {{ISBN|0-8028-3784-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8028-3784-4}}</ref> or ''wine of [[Helbon]]''<ref>Ezekiel 27:18 ''Damascus was your merchant for the multitude of your handiworks, by reason of the multitude of all kinds of riches, with the wine of Helbon, and white wool''</ref> are mentioned. This tradition of appellation continued throughout the Antiquity and the Middle Ages, though without any officially sanctioned rules. Historically, the world's first exclusive (protected) vineyard zone was introduced in [[Chianti]], [[Italy]] in 1716 and the first wine classification system in [[Tokaj-Hegyalja]], [[Hungary]], in 1730.

==Europe==

===France===
In 1935, the [[Institut National des Appellations d'Origine]] (INAO), a branch of the [[Ministry of Agriculture (France)|French Ministry of Agriculture]], was created to manage wine-processing in France.  In the [[Rhône wine|Rhone wine region]] [[Baron Pierre Le Roy Boiseaumarié]], a lawyer and winegrower from [[Châteauneuf-du-Pape]], obtained legal recognition of the [[Côtes du Rhône]] appellation of origin in 1937. The AOC seal, or [[Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée]], was created and mandated by French laws in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s.

Before 1935, despite the fact that the INAO was yet to be created, [[champagne (wine)|champagne]] enjoyed an appellation control by virtue of [[Protected designation of origin|legal protection]] as part of the [[Treaty of Madrid (1891)|Treaty of Madrid]].  The treaty stated that only sparkling wine produced in [[Champagne (wine region)|Champagne]] and adhering to the standards defined for that name as an [[Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée]] could be called champagne. This right was reaffirmed in the [[Treaty of Versailles]] after [[World War I]].

===Germany===
Germany is unusual among wine-producing countries in that its most prestigious classifications, the various grades of [[Prädikatswein]], are based on the [[ripeness of the grapes]], though their geographical origins are also legally defined.  Thus Germany's geographical classification, [[Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete]] (QbA), is akin to France's defunct  [[Vin Délimité de Qualité Superieure]], which has been subsumed into the current [[Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée]] system.

===Georgia===
Georgia has 24 registered [[List of Georgian wine appellations|wine appellations]].

===Hungary===
Historically, the world's first vineyard classification system was introduced in [[Tokaj-Hegyalja]], [[Hungary]], in 1730.
Vineyards were classified into three categories depending on the soil, sun exposure, and potential to develop ''[[Botrytis cinerea]]''. The subdivisions were: first-class, second-class and third-class wines.  A decree by the Habsburg crown in 1757 established a closed production district in [[Tokaj]].  The classification system was completed by the national censuses of 1765 and 1772.

===Italy===
[[Italy]]'s first origin classification system was introduced in [[Tuscany]] in 1716 for delimiting [[Chianti]] production. After the [[unification of Italy]] several attempts were made to introduce some kind of protection for wine appellations, to no avail. Only in 1963 the "{{lang|it|[[Denominazione di origine controllata]]}}" law was approved, starting with 1967 vintage.

===Portugal===
The world's third-oldest appellation control, after [[Chianti]] and [[Tokaj-Hegyalja|Tokaj]], was introduced in [[Portugal]] in 1756, pertaining to [[port wine]], which was produced in the region of the Douro valley.

===Spain===
Some Spanish wines were already famous or even regulated ([[Rioja (wine)|Rioja]]: 1925; [[Sherry]]: 1933) when the market started being regulated. It was not until 1980 that legislation on {{Lang|es|[[denominación de origen]]}} was stablished, following the French scheme with more tiers of classification and prompted by the impending accession to the European Union.

==North America==

===Canada===
{{See also|Vintners Quality Alliance#Appellations|Cellared in Canada}}
[[Canadian wine]] appellations are regulated by the [[Vintners Quality Alliance]] system. The system covers the provinces of [[British Columbia]] and [[Ontario]].{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}

British Columbia is divided into four "Designated Viticultural Areas" ("DVAs"): [[Okanagan Valley (wine region)|Okanagan Valley]], [[Vancouver Island]], [[Fraser Valley]], and the [[Similkameen River|Similkameen Valley]]. Ontario includes three DVAs: [[Niagara Peninsula]], [[Lake Erie]] North Shore, and [[Prince Edward County, Ontario|Prince Edward County]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.vqaontario.ca/Appellations | title=VQA Ontario · the Appellations · Overview}}</ref>

On June 11, 2012, [[Nova Scotia]] launched its first appellation,  Tidal Bay.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tidal Bay Nova Scotia's Signature Appellation |url=https://gaspereauwine.ca/tidal-bay.html |website=Gaspereau Vineyards |publisher=Gaspereau Vineyards |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tidal Bay: Nova Scotia's Signature Wine |url=https://winesofnovascotia.ca/tidal-bay-nova-scotias-signature-wine/ |website=Wines of Nova Scotia |publisher=Wine Growers Nova Scotia (WGNS) |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref>

===United States===
{{See also|List of American Viticultural Areas}}
The [[American Viticultural Area]] ("AVA") is for the United States. The only requirement to use an AVA name on the wine label is that 85% of the wine must have come from grapes grown within the geographical AVA boundaries. The first AVA was in [[Augusta, Missouri]], in June 1980. The approval of the [[Augusta AVA]] was based largely on its long historical relationship with wine in the United States.<ref name="Pingelton">{{cite web | author=Pingelton, Tim | url=http://wine.appellationamerica.com/wine-review/89/America%E2%80%99s-first-appellation.html | title=The Soul of Augusta | date=December 8, 2005 | website=Appellation American | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080724231032/http://www.wine.appellationamerica.com/wine-review/89/America%E2%80%99s-first-appellation.html  | archive-date=2008-07-24  | url-status=live}}</ref>  The Augusta wine-growing area is a {{convert|15|sqmi|km2|adj=on}} plot of land along the Missouri River, which moderates temperature and provides an appropriate climate for growing grapes.<ref name="Augusta_Establish">{{cite web |url= https://archives.federalregister.gov/issue_slice/1980/6/20/41630-41634.pdf#page=4 |  website= Federal Register | title= Augusta Viticultural Area | publisher=[[ Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms |Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF)]] |format=27 CFR 9 [T.D. ATF-72; Notice No. 325] Final rule| pages= 41632–41634 |date=1980-06-20}}{{PD-notice}}</ref>

States or counties can also be used in lieu of an AVA to designate the origin of a wine, provided that 75% of the grapes used in the wine are grown in the state or county listed on the label.

==List of appellations==

* {{flagicon|European Union}} '''European Union:''' [[Protected Designation of Origin]]
** {{flagicon|Austria}} '''Austria:''' [[Austrian wine#Districtus Austriae Controllatus (DAC)|Districtus Austriae Controllatus]]
** {{flagicon|Cyprus}} '''Cyprus:'''  Ελεγχόμενη Ονομασία Προέλευσης 
** {{flagicon|France}} '''France:''' [[Appellation d'origine contrôlée]]
** {{flagicon|Germany}} '''Germany:''' [[German wine classification]]
** {{flagicon|Greece}} '''Greece:''' ονομασία προελεύσεως ελεγχομένη
** {{flagicon|Italy}} '''Italy:''' [[Denominazione di Origine Controllata]]
** {{flagicon|Luxembourg}} '''Luxembourg:''' Appellation contrôlée
** {{flagicon|Portugal}} '''Portugal:''' [[Denominação de Origem Controlada]]
** {{flagicon|Romania}} '''Romania:''' [[Denumire de origine controlată|Denumire de Origine Controlată]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ondov.ro/index.php|title=ONDOV|date=7 August 2004|access-date=4 May 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040807072847/http://www.ondov.ro/index.php|archive-date=7 August 2004}}</ref>
** {{flagicon|Spain}} '''Spain:''' [[Denominación de origen|Denominación de origen protegida]]
* {{flagicon|Switzerland}} '''Switzerland:''' [[Appellation d'origine contrôlée (Switzerland)|Appellation d'origine contrôlée]]
* {{flagicon|Australia}} '''Australia:''' Australian Geographical Indications<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.awbc.com.au/GIMapList.aspx?p=31 |title=Australian Wine & Brandy Corporation - Table of Australian Geographical Indications with links to maps |access-date=2006-03-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060422105357/http://www.awbc.com.au/GIMapList.aspx?p=31 |archive-date=2006-04-22 }} Australian Geographical Indications</ref>
* {{flagicon|Argentina}} '''Argentina:''' [[Denominación de origen]] - see also:[[Argentine wine]]
* {{flagicon|Canada}} '''Canada:''' [[Vintners Quality Alliance]]
* {{flagicon|Brazil}} '''Brazil:''' [[Denominação de Origem]]
* {{flagicon|Chile}} '''Chile:''' ''see [[Chilean wine]]''
* {{flagicon|South Africa}} '''South Africa:''' [[South African wine#Wine of Origin|Wine of Origin]]
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''United Kingdom:''' [[Protected Denomination of Origin]]
* {{flagicon|United States of America}} '''United States:''' [[American Viticultural Area]]

==See also==
* [[Protected Designation of Origin]]
* [[Terroir]]
*{{Anl|Eponym}}
*{{Annotated link|Title character}}

== Notes and references ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Wiktionary}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071004053855/http://wine.appellationamerica.com/ Appellation America Wine Portal]. Information about recognized [http://wine.appellationamerica.com/wine-region-index.aspx wine appellations] in the United States and Canada.

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[[Category:Appellations| ]]
[[Category:Wine terminology]]