Editing Araneomorphae

{{short description|Infraorder of arachnids}}

{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Triassic|present}}
| name = Araneomorph spiders
| image = Nephila inaurata1.JPG
| image_caption = ''[[Nephila inaurata]]'' ([[Nephilidae]])
| taxon = Araneomorphae
| authority = 
| diversity_link = Spider families
| diversity = 95 families
| subdivision_ranks = Subdivisions
| subdivision_ref = 
| subdivision = *[[Filistatidae]]
*[[Hypochilidae]]
*[[Synspermiata]] (17 families)
*[[Leptonetidae]]
*[[Austrochiloidea]] (2 families)
*[[Palpimanoidea]] (5 families)
*[[Entelegynae]] (68 families)
}}

The '''Araneomorphae''' (also called the '''Labidognatha''' or "'''true spiders'''"<ref name="Coddington2005PhylogenyOfSpiders">{{cite book |author=Coddington, J.A. |title=Spiders of North America: an identification manual |publisher=[[American Arachnological Society]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-9771439-0-0 |editor=Ubick, D. |pages=18–24 |chapter=Phylogeny and Classification of Spiders |access-date=12 October 2008 |editor2=Paquin, P. |editor3=Cushing, P.E. |editor4=Roth, V. |chapter-url=http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/4365/1/CoddingtonSNAPhylogeny05.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209110443/http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/4365/1/CoddingtonSNAPhylogeny05.pdf |archive-date=9 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>) are an [[infraorder]] of [[spider]]s. They are distinguishable by [[chelicerae]] (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to the [[Mygalomorphae]] (tarantulas and their close kin), where they point straight down. Araneomorphs comprise the vast majority (about 93%<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bern |first=Natural History Museum |title=NMBE - World Spider Catalog |url=http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/INTRO1.html |access-date=2023-06-07 |website=research.amnh.org |language=en}}</ref>) of living spiders.

== Distinguishing characteristics ==
Most spider species are Araneomorphae, which have [[chelicerae|fangs]] that face towards each other, increasing the orientations that they can employ during prey-capture. They have fewer [[book lung]]s (when present) – usually one pair – and the females typically live one year.  

The Mygalomorphae have [[chelicerae|fangs]] that face towards the ground, and which are parallel to the long axis of the spider's body, thus they have only one orientation they can employ during prey capture. They have two pairs of book lungs, and the females often live many years.<ref>{{cite web |title=ABOUT SPIDERS |website=www.publish.csiro.au |url=http://www.publish.csiro.au/samples/spiders/html/SPIDERS.HTM |access-date=2022-01-07}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="180px">
Image:Cheiracanthium punctorium frei 1 17 Forst Jungfernhdeide Jg 46 070920.jpg| This ''[[Cheiracanthium punctorium]]'' shows the orientation of Araneomorphae fangs.  
Image:Atrax robustus.jpg|This ''[[Atrax robustus]]'' shows the orientation of Mygalomorphae fangs.  
</gallery>

== Spiders included ==
Almost all of the familiar spiders are included in the Araneomorphae group, one major exception being the [[tarantula]]s. There are a few other Mygalomorphae species that live around homes or gardens, but they typically are relatively small and not easily noticed.

The Araneomorphae, to the contrary, include the [[Orb-weaver spider|weavers of spiral webs]]; the [[Tangle web spider|cobweb spiders]] that live in the corners of rooms, and between windows and screens; the [[crab spider]]s that lurk on the surfaces of flowers in gardens; the [[jumping spider]]s that are visible hunting on surfaces; the [[wolf spider]]s that carpet hunting sites in sunny spots; and the large [[huntsman spider]]s.

== Systematics ==
In older schemes, the Araneomorphae were divided into two lineages, the ''Hypochilae'' (containing only the family [[Hypochilidae]]), and the ''Neocribellatae''. The Neocribellatae were in turn divided into the Austrochiloidea, and the two [[series (biology)|series]] Haplogynae and Entelogynae, each containing several [[Taxonomic rank|superfamilies]]. [[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic]] studies have shown that the haplogynes in particular are not a [[Monophyly|monophyletic]] group. A 2020 study suggested the relationships among the major groups were as shown in the following cladogram.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Magalhaes |first1=Ivan L. F. |last2=Azevedo |first2=Guilherme H. F. |last3=Michalik |first3=Peter |last4=Ramírez |first4=Martín J. |date=February 2020 |title=The fossil record of spiders revisited: implications for calibrating trees and evidence for a major faunal turnover since the Mesozoic |language=en |journal=Biological Reviews |issn=1464-7931 |doi=10.1111/brv.12559 |pmid=31713947 |s2cid=207937170 |volume=95 |issue=1 |pages=184–217 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337190453 }}</ref>

{{clade |style=font-size:100%;line-height:80%
|grouplabel1={{clade labels |label1=Haplogynae |top1=30% |color1=blue}}
|label1=Araneomorphae
|1={{clade
   |1={{clade
      |1={{clade
         |2=[[Filistatidae]] |bar2=blue
         |1=[[Hypochilidae]]
         }}
      |2=[[Synspermiata]]    |bar2=blue
      }}      
   |2={{clade
      |1={{clade
         |1=[[Leptonetidae]] |bar1=blue
         |2=[[Austrochiloidea]] 
         }}
      |2={{clade
         |1=[[Palpimanoidea]]
         |2=[[Entelegynae]]
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}

The blue bar to the right shows the former [[Haplogynae]] in the sense of Coddington (2005).<ref name=Codd05/>

== Table of families ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
|-
|Genera||bgcolor="lightblue" | 1 || bgcolor="lightgreen" | ≥2 || bgcolor="#FFA" | ≥10 || bgcolor="pink" | ≥100
|-
|Species||bgcolor="lightblue" | 1–9 || bgcolor="lightgreen" | ≥10 || bgcolor="#FFA" | ≥100 || bgcolor="pink" | ≥1000
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Araneomorphae families{{refn|group=notes|name=Note1|Unless otherwise shown, currently accepted families and counts based on the [[World Spider Catalog]] version 25.5 {{as of|lc=yes|2025|February|7}}.<ref>{{Citation |mode=cs1 |title=Currently valid spider genera and species |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=https://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/statistics/ |access-date=2025-02-07}} Currently valid spider genera and species</ref> In the World Spider Catalog, "species" counts include subspecies. Assignment to sub- and infraorders based on {{Harvtxt|Coddington|2005|p=20}} (when given there).}}
|-
!Family||Genera||Species||Common name||Example
|-
|[[Agelenidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|97||bgcolor="pink"|1420||araneomorph funnel-web spiders ||[[Hobo spider]] (''Eratigena agrestis'')
|-
|[[Amaurobiidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|26||bgcolor="#FFA"|202||tangled nest spiders ||''[[Callobius claustrarius]]''
|-
|[[Anapidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|59||bgcolor="#FFA"|233|| ||''[[Holarchaea novaeseelandiae]]''
|-
|[[Ancylometidae]]||bgcolor="lightblue"|1||bgcolor="lightgreen"|11|| || 
|-
|[[Anyphaenidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|58||bgcolor="#FFA"|649||anyphaenid sac spiders ||''[[Hibana velox]]'' (yellow ghost spider)
|-
|[[Araneidae]]||bgcolor="pink"|198||bgcolor="pink"|3144||orb-weaver spiders ||''[[Zygiella x-notata]]''
|-
|[[Archaeidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|6||bgcolor="lightgreen"|93||pelican spiders ||''[[Madagascarchaea gracilicollis]]''
|-
|[[Archoleptonetidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|2||bgcolor="lightblue"|8|| ||''[[Archoleptoneta gertschi]]''
|-
|[[Arkyidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|2||bgcolor="lightgreen"|38|| || 
|-
|[[Austrochilidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|2||bgcolor="lightblue"|9|| ||[[Hickmania|Tasmanian cave spider]] (''Hickmania troglodytes'')
|-
|[[Caponiidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|21||bgcolor="#FFA"|153|| ||''[[Diploglena capensis]]''
|-
|[[Cheiracanthiidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|15||bgcolor="#FFA"|376|| ||''[[Cheiracanthium mildei]]''
|-
|[[Cicurinidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|4||bgcolor="#FFA"|172|| || 
|-
|[[Cithaeronidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|2||bgcolor="lightblue"|9|| || 
|-
|[[Clubionidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|18||bgcolor="#FFA"|667||sac spiders ||''[[Clubiona trivialis]]''
|-
|[[Corinnidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|76||bgcolor="#FFA"|876||dark sac spiders ||''[[Castianeira]]'' sp.
|-
|[[Ctenidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|48||bgcolor="#FFA"|605||wandering spiders||''[[Phoneutria fera]]''
|-
|[[Cyatholipidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|23||bgcolor="lightgreen"|58|| || 
|-
|[[Cybaeidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|23||bgcolor="#FFA"|301|| ||''[[Cryphoeca silvicola]]''
|-
|[[Cycloctenidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|8||bgcolor="lightgreen"|80|| || 
|-
|[[Deinopidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|3||bgcolor="lightgreen"|68||net-casting spiders ||''[[Asianopis subrufa]]'' (rufous net-casting spider)  
|-
|[[Desidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|63||bgcolor="#FFA"|323||intertidal spiders ||''[[Phryganoporus candidus]]''
|-
|[[Dictynidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|51||bgcolor="#FFA"|460|| ||''[[Nigma walckenaeri]]''
|-
|[[Diguetidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|2||bgcolor="lightgreen"|16||coneweb spiders || 
|-
|[[Dolomedidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|7||bgcolor="#FFA"|128|| || 
|-
|[[Drymusidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|2||bgcolor="lightgreen"|19||false violin spiders || 
|-
|[[Dysderidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|24||bgcolor="#FFA"|653||woodlouse hunter spiders ||[[Woodlouse spider]] (''Dysdera crocata'')
|-
|[[Eresidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|9||bgcolor="#FFA"|106||velvet spiders ||''[[Eresus sandaliatus]]''
|-
|[[Filistatidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|18||bgcolor="#FFA"|192||crevice weavers ||[[Southern house spider]] (''Kukulcania hibernalis'')
|-
|[[Fonteferreidae]]||bgcolor="lightblue"|1||bgcolor="lightblue"|1|| || 
|-
|[[Gallieniellidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|5||bgcolor="lightgreen"|41|| || 
|-
|[[Gnaphosidae]]||bgcolor="pink"|153||bgcolor="pink"|2479||flat-bellied ground spiders ||''[[Drassodes cupreus]]''
|-
|[[Gradungulidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|8||bgcolor="lightgreen"|18||large-clawed spiders ||''[[Progradungula carraiensis]]'' (Carrai cave spider)
|-
|[[Hahniidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|29||bgcolor="#FFA"|240||dwarf sheet spiders || 
|-
|[[Hersiliidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|16||bgcolor="#FFA"|187||tree trunk spiders ||''[[Hersilia savignyi]]''
|-
|[[Homalonychidae]]||bgcolor="lightblue"|1||bgcolor="lightblue"|2|| || 
|-
|[[Huttoniidae]]||bgcolor="lightblue"|1||bgcolor="lightblue"|1|| ||''[[Huttonia palpimanoides]]''
|-
|[[Hypochilidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|2||bgcolor="lightgreen"|33||lampshade spiders ||''[[Hypochilus thorelli]]''
|-
|[[Lamponidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|23||bgcolor="#FFA"|192|| ||[[White-tailed spider]] (''Lampona'' spp.)
|-
|[[Leptonetidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|22||bgcolor="#FFA"|397|| ||[[Tooth Cave spider]] (''Tayshaneta myopica'')
|-
|[[Linyphiidae]]||bgcolor="pink"|640||bgcolor="pink"|4940||dwarf / money spiders ||''[[Linyphia triangularis]]''
|-
|[[Liocranidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|35||bgcolor="#FFA"|354||liocranid sac spiders || 
|-
|[[Lycosidae]]||bgcolor="pink"|135||bgcolor="pink"|2490||wolf spiders ||''[[Lycosa tarantula]]''
|-
|[[Macrobunidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|26||bgcolor="lightgreen"|92|| || 
|-
|[[Malkaridae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|13||bgcolor="lightgreen"|57||shield spiders || 
|-
|[[Mecysmaucheniidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|7||bgcolor="lightgreen"|25|| || 
|-
|[[Megadictynidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|2||bgcolor="lightblue"|2|| || 
|-
|[[Mimetidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|8||bgcolor="#FFA"|164||pirate spiders ||''[[Oarces reticulatus]]''
|-
|[[Miturgidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|33||bgcolor="#FFA"|191||long-legged sac spiders || 
|-
|[[Myrmecicultoridae]]||bgcolor="lightblue"|1||bgcolor="lightblue"|1|| || 
|-
|[[Mysmenidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|17||bgcolor="#FFA"|188||spurred orb-weavers || 
|-
|[[Nesticidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|16||bgcolor="#FFA"|292||cave cobweb spiders ||''[[Nesticella marapu]]''
|-
|[[Nicodamidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|7||bgcolor="lightgreen"|27|| || 
|-
|[[Ochyroceratidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|9||bgcolor="#FFA"|184||midget ground weavers ||''[[Theotima minutissima]]''
|-
|[[Oecobiidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|7||bgcolor="#FFA"|129||disc web spiders ||''[[Oecobius navus]]''
|-
|[[Oonopidae]]||bgcolor="pink"|115||bgcolor="pink"|1962||dwarf hunting spiders ||''[[Oonops domesticus]]''
|-
|[[Orsolobidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|30||bgcolor="#FFA"|189|| || 
|-
|[[Oxyopidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|9||bgcolor="#FFA"|448||lynx spiders ||''[[Peucetia viridans]]'' (green lynx spider)
|-
|[[Pacullidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|4||bgcolor="lightgreen"|38|| || 
|-
|[[Palpimanidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|20||bgcolor="#FFA"|182||palp-footed spiders || 
|-
|[[Penestomidae]]||bgcolor="lightblue"|1||bgcolor="lightblue"|9|| || 
|-
|[[Periegopidae]]||bgcolor="lightblue"|1||bgcolor="lightblue"|3|| || 
|-
|[[Philodromidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|30||bgcolor="#FFA"|527||philodromid crab spiders ||''[[Philodromus dispar]]''
|-
|[[Pholcidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|97||bgcolor="pink"|2029||daddy long-legs spiders ||''[[Pholcus phalangioides]]''
|-
|[[Phrurolithidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|25||bgcolor="#FFA"|410|| || 
|-
|[[Physoglenidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|13||bgcolor="lightgreen"|72|| || 
|-
|[[Phyxelididae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|14||bgcolor="lightgreen"|68|| || 
|-
|[[Pimoidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|2||bgcolor="lightgreen"|87|| ||''[[Pimoa cthulhu]]''
|-
|[[Pisauridae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|45||bgcolor="#FFA"|236||nursery web spiders ||''[[Pisaura mirabilis]]''
|-
|[[Plectreuridae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|2||bgcolor="lightgreen"|32|| || 
|-
|[[Prodidomidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|24||bgcolor="#FFA"|195|| || 
|-
|[[Psechridae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|2||bgcolor="lightgreen"|62|| || 
|-
|[[Psilodercidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|11||bgcolor="#FFA"|224|| || 
|-
|[[Salticidae]]||bgcolor="pink"|689||bgcolor="pink"|6808||jumping spiders ||[[Zebra spider]] (''Salticus scenicus'')
|-
|[[Scytodidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|4||bgcolor="#FFA"|253||spitting spiders ||''[[Scytodes thoracica]]''
|-
|[[Segestriidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|5||bgcolor="#FFA"|181||tubeweb spiders ||''[[Segestria florentina]]''
|-
|[[Selenopidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|9||bgcolor="#FFA"|282||wall spiders ||''[[Selenops radiatus]]''
|-
|[[Senoculidae]]||bgcolor="lightblue"|1||bgcolor="lightgreen"|31|| || 
|-
|[[Sicariidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|3||bgcolor="#FFA"|176||recluse spiders ||[[Brown recluse spider|Brown recluse]] (''Loxosceles reclusa'')
|-
|[[Sparassidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|97||bgcolor="pink"|1519||huntsman spiders ||''[[Delena cancerides]]'' (Avondale spider)
|-
|[[Stenochilidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|2||bgcolor="lightgreen"|13|| || 
|-
|[[Stiphidiidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|20||bgcolor="#FFA"|125|| ||''[[Tartarus mullamullangensis]]''
|-
|[[Symphytognathidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|10||bgcolor="#FFA"|104||dwarf orb-weavers ||''[[Patu digua]]''
|-
|[[Synaphridae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|3||bgcolor="lightgreen"|13|| || 
|-
|[[Synotaxidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|5||bgcolor="lightgreen"|38|| || 
|-
|[[Telemidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|16||bgcolor="#FFA"|107||long-legged cave spiders || 
|-
|[[Tetrablemmidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|27||bgcolor="#FFA"|153||armored spiders || 
|-
|[[Tetragnathidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|45||bgcolor="#FFA"|989||long jawed orb-weavers ||''[[Leucauge venusta]]'' (orchard spider)
|-
|[[Theridiidae]]||bgcolor="pink"|131||bgcolor="pink"|2583||cobweb spiders ||[[Redback spider]] (''Latrodectus hasselti'')
|-
|[[Theridiosomatidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|22||bgcolor="#FFA"|150||ray spiders ||''[[Theridiosoma gemmosum]]''
|-
|[[Thomisidae]]||bgcolor="pink"|170||bgcolor="pink"|2169||crab spiders ||''[[Misumena vatia]]'' (goldenrod crab spider)
|-
|[[Titanoecidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|5||bgcolor="lightgreen"|67|| ||''[[Goeldia obscura]]''
|-
|[[Toxopidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|14||bgcolor="lightgreen"|82|| || 
|-
|[[Trachelidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|29||bgcolor="#FFA"|300|| || 
|-
|[[Trachycosmidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|20||bgcolor="#FFA"|148|| || 
|-
|[[Trechaleidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|17||bgcolor="#FFA"|136|| || 
|-
|[[Trochanteriidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|6||bgcolor="lightgreen"|52|| || 
|-
|[[Trogloraptoridae]]||bgcolor="lightblue"|1||bgcolor="lightblue"|1|| ||''[[Trogloraptor marchingtoni]]''
|-
|[[Udubidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|6||bgcolor="lightgreen"|57|| || 
|-
|[[Uloboridae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|19||bgcolor="#FFA"|283||hackled orb-weavers||''[[Uloborus walckenaerius]]''
|-
|[[Viridasiidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|3||bgcolor="lightgreen"|14|| || 
|-
|[[Xenoctenidae]]||bgcolor="lightgreen"|4||bgcolor="lightgreen"|33|| || 
|-
|[[Zodariidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|90||bgcolor="pink"|1306|| ||''[[Zodarion germanicum]]''
|-
|[[Zoropsidae]]||bgcolor="#FFA"|28||bgcolor="#FFA"|186|| ||''[[Zoropsis spinimana]]''
|}


=== Extinct families ===

* [[Pholcochyroceridae]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=notes}}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=Codd05>{{Citation |mode=cs1 |last=Coddington |first=Jonathan A. |editor1-last=Ubick |editor1-first=D. |editor2-last=Paquin |editor2-first=P. |editor3-last=Cushing |editor3-first=P.E. |editor4-last=Roth |editor4-first=V. |contribution=Phylogeny and classification of spiders |name-list-style=amp |year=2005 |title=Spiders of North America: an identification manual |publisher=American Arachnological Society |pages=18–24 |contribution-url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/4365/CoddingtonSNAPhylogeny05.pdf |access-date=2015-09-24}}</ref>
}}

== External links ==
* {{commons category-inline}}	
* {{wikispeciesinline}}

{{Spider nav}}
{{taxonbar|from1=Q12084}}

[[Category:Araneomorphae| ]]