Editing Arlon

{{Short description|Capital of Luxembourg province, Belgium}}
{{For|the asteroid|1717 Arlon}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=February 2010}}
{{Expand Chinese|topic=geo|date=June 2023}}
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{{Infobox Belgium municipality
|name             = Arlon
|native_name      = {{native_name|lb|Arel}}
|namenl           = Aarlen
|type             = city
|picture          = Arlon E2aJPG.jpg
|picture-legend   = Arlon centre with bell tower of [[St Martin's Church, Arlon|St. Martin's Church]]
|map              = Arlon Luxembourg Belgium Map.svg
|map-legend       = Location of Arlon in Luxembourg province
|arms             = CommunesBelgique-Arlon.svg
|flag             = Flag of Arlon.svg
|region           = {{BE-REG-WAL}}
|community        = {{BE-FR}}
|province         = {{BE-PROV-LX}}
|arrondissement   = [[Arrondissement of Arlon|Arlon]]
|nis              = 81001
|pyramid-date     =
|0-19=
|20-64=
|65=
|foreigners       =
|foreigners-date  =
|mayor            = Vincent Magnus ([[Humanist Democratic Centre|cdH]], ARLON 2030)
|majority         = [[Reformist Movement|MR]]-ARLON 2030
|postal-codes     = 6700, 6704, 6706
|telephone-area   = 063
|web              = [http://www.arlon.be www.arlon.be] {{in lang|fr}}
|elevation m      = 344
|elevation min m  = 238
|elevation max m  = 495
|coordinates      = {{coord|49|41|N|05|49|E|region:BE|display=inline,title}}
}}

'''Arlon''' ({{IPA|fr|aʁlɔ̃|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-Madehub-Arlon.wav}}; {{langx|wa|Årlon}}; {{langx|nl|Aarlen}} {{IPA|nl|ˈaːrlə(n)||Nl-Aarlen.ogg}}; {{langx|lb|Arel}} {{IPA|lb|ˈaːʀəl||Lb-Arel.ogg}}) is a [[City status in Belgium|city]] and [[Municipalities in Belgium|municipality]] of [[Wallonia]], and the capital of the [[Luxembourg (Belgium)|province of Luxembourg]] in the [[Ardennes]], [[Belgium]]. With a population of just over 28,000, it is the smallest provincial capital in Belgium. 
Arlon is also the capital of its cultural region: the [[Arelerland]] (Land of Arlon in [[Luxembourgish]]).

The municipality consists of the following [[deelgemeente|sub-municipalities]]: Arlon proper, [[Autelbas]], [[Bonnert]], [[Guirsch]], [[Heinsch, Belgium|Heinsch]], and [[Toernich]]. Other population centers include: Autelhaut, Clairefontaine, [[Fouches, Belgium|Fouches]], Frassem, Freylange, [[Hachy, Belgium|Hachy]], Heckbous, Rosenberg, Sampont, Schoppach, Sesselich, Seymerich, Stehnen, Sterpenich, Stockem, [[Udange, Belgium|Udange]], Viville, Waltzing,  Weyler, and Wolberg.

==History==

===Origins===
[[File:JupiterSäuleD replica Arlon787.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Gallo-Roman culture|Gallo-Roman]] column of [[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]] in the Grand rue]]

Before the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] conquests of [[Gaul]], the territory of Arlon and a vast area to the southeast were settled by the [[Treveri]], a [[Celts|Celtic]] tribe.  The local population adapted relatively easily to Roman culture.  The number and quality of sculpted stones and monuments that have been unearthed in the area demonstrate that the [[Vicus (Rome)|''vicus'']] of ''Orolaunum'' quickly became a commercial and administrative centre of Roman civilization.  The Germanic invasions of the 3rd century destroyed most of these early advances, despite the defensive walls that had been built on the Knipchen hill to protect the ''vicus''.

===Middle Ages===
During most of the [[Middle Ages]], the population still used the earlier buildings such as the ''[[thermae]]''.  In 1060, [[Waleran I of Limburg]], Count of [[County of Arlon|Arlon]], built a castle on the Knipchen hill in the centre of the town.

A dynasty of counts of Arlon began with Waleran I, Duke of Limburg. On the death of Duke Waleran III in 1226, Arlon passed to his son from the second marriage, Henry V the Fair, Count of Luxembourg, and became part of the county of Luxembourg. Thus, in the Tournament of Chauvency, his son Henry the Lion bore the title of Marquis of Arlon.

In the 13th century, the only women's [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] abbey known to date was built in [[Clairefontaine Abbey|Clairefontaine]].

===15th–18th centuries===
[[File:Arlon E1aJPG.jpg|thumb|St Donat's church, Arlon]]
{{See also|Battle of Arlon (1793)|Battle of Arlon (1794)}}

The [[History of Luxembourg|Duchy of Luxembourg]] itself, of which Arlon was dependent, became part of the [[Burgundian Netherlands]] under [[Philip the Good]] in 1441.  After [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]'s abdication of his empire to his son [[Philip II of Spain]] in 1556, a troubled period started for the whole region with continuous wars involving France, Spain and the [[Southern Netherlands]]. In 1558, nearly half of the city, including its castle, was destroyed by the [[France|French]] troops of [[Francis, Duke of Guise]].

In the 17th century, [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchin]] friars built a convent on the ruins of the castle and the French strengthened the defensive walls according to [[Vauban]]'s designs. An accidental fire destroyed a large part of the city again in 1785.

On 9 June 1793 the [[French Revolution]]ary troops opposed the [[Austrian Empire|Austrians]] just outside Arlon. The French emerged victorious and took over the city from Austrian rule. They expelled the Capuchin friars and used their convent as a hospital.

===19th and 20th centuries===
In June 1815, after the defeat of [[Napoleon]] in the [[Battle of Waterloo]], Arlon went back to government of the Grand Duchy. By the [[Treaty of London, 1839|Treaty of London]] in 1839, the Grand Duchy became fully sovereign and in turn geographically larger western part of the duchy, i.e. the [[Luxembourg (province of Belgium)|province de Luxembourg]] including Arlon city was given to newly created Kingdom of Belgium.

Arlon was one of the first victims of the [[German Empire|German]] invasion in 1914 as 121 inhabitants were executed on 26 August, on the orders of Colonel [[Richard Karl von Tessmar]].

Its territory was again among the first to be invaded at the onset of [[World War II]]. Allies moved into Belgium on 10 May 1940 and Arlon was defended by French troops, but they were not able to stop the German invasion.

===Arlon today===
Being situated very close to the border with the [[Grand Duchy of Luxembourg]], Arlon has continued to expand with new residential areas and commercial development zones, and many people cross the border everyday to work in the Grand Duchy. All international express trains make a stop in Arlon, as it is the last station on the main Brussels—Luxembourg City railway line.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Larousse |first=Éditions |title=Arlon - LAROUSSE |url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/ville/Arlon/98743 |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=www.larousse.fr |language=fr}}</ref>

==Sights==
[[File:Cimetière Arlon juif 01.jpg|thumb|right|The Jewish cemetery]]
*Arlon is best known for holding one of the richest archeological museums in Belgium.  It houses numerous examples of [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] sculpture and [[Merovingian]] [[funerary art]].
*A fragment of the [[Gallo-Roman culture|Gallo-Roman]] defensive wall that was built in the 3rd century still stands in Arlon.
*The [[Gaspar Museum]] is dedicated to the art of [[Jean-Marie Gaspar]] and {{ill|Charles Gaspar|fr}}, and also holds a collection of regional art including the {{ill|Fisenne altarpiece|fr|Retable de Fisenne}}, an [[altarpiece]] from the 16th century originally located in the village [[Fisenne]].
*Saint Donat's church now stands on the Knipchen hill, where [[Waleran I of Limburg]] once built his castle and the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchin]] friars built their convent.
* Arlon cemetery has the largest Jewish section of all Walloon cemeteries.

==Local customs==
* The [[carnival]] of Arlon takes place at mid-[[Lent]].  It includes the traditional handing of the city keys to the carnival prince and a colourful parade composed of various folk dance groups.
* The [[May wine|''Maitrank'']] ([[German language|German]] for "drink of May") is the city's most popular refreshment.  It is made of white wine in which a local flower, the ''[[Asperula]] odorata'', has macerated.  Some recipes also add cognac or substitute [[Galium odoratum|woodruff]] for the ''Asperula''.  The ''Maitrank'' festivities take place in the city every fourth Sunday of May.

==Climate==
{{Weather box |width = auto |metric first = yes |single line=yes
|location= Arlon(1991-2020)
| precipitation colour  = green
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan high C  =4.0
| Feb high C  =5.3
| Mar high C  =9.7
| Apr high C  =14.1
| May high C  =18.0
| Jun high C  =21.2
| Jul high C  =23.3
| Aug high C  =22.9
| Sep high C  =18.7
| Oct high C  =13.4
| Nov high C  =7.8
| Dec high C  =4.6
| year high C =
| Jan mean C  =1.4
| Feb mean C  =1.9
| Mar mean C  =5.2
| Apr mean C  =8.6
| May mean C  =12.6
| Jun mean C  =15.8
| Jul mean C  =17.8
| Aug mean C  =17.3
| Sep mean C  =13.5
| Oct mean C  =9.5
| Nov mean C  =5.1
| Dec mean C  =2.2
| year mean C =
| Jan low C  =-1.3
| Feb low C  =-1.5
| Mar low C  =0.7
| Apr low C  =3.1
| May low C  =7.1
| Jun low C  =10.4
| Jul low C  =12.2
| Aug low C  =11.8
| Sep low C  =8.4
| Oct low C  =5.6
| Nov low C  =2.4
| Dec low C  =-0.3
| year low C =
| Jan precipitation mm  =121.4
| Feb precipitation mm  =93.5
| Mar precipitation mm  =80.3
| Apr precipitation mm  =63.1
| May precipitation mm  =75.7
| Jun precipitation mm  =79.4
| Jul precipitation mm  =79.4
| Aug precipitation mm  =82.8
| Sep precipitation mm  =78.2
| Oct precipitation mm  =100.5
| Nov precipitation mm  =103.9
| Dec precipitation mm  =146.9
| year precipitation mm =
| Jan precipitation days  =14.3
| Feb precipitation days  =12.6
| Mar precipitation days  =11.9
| Apr precipitation days  =9.7
| May precipitation days  =10.9
| Jun precipitation days  =10.2
| Jul precipitation days  =10.8
| Aug precipitation days  =10.5
| Sep precipitation days  =10.0
| Oct precipitation days  =12.2
| Nov precipitation days  =14.2
| Dec precipitation days  =15.8
| year precipitation days =
| Jan sun  =49
| Feb sun  =73
| Mar sun  =132
| Apr sun  =196
| May sun  =208
| Jun sun  =222
| Jul sun  =234
| Aug sun  =214
| Sep sun  =162
| Oct sun  =103
| Nov sun  =49
| Dec sun  =41
| year sun =
| Jand sun  =1.6
| Febd sun  =2.6
| Mard sun  =4.3
| Aprd sun  =6.2
| Mayd sun  =6.7
| Jund sun  =7.4
| Juld sun  =7.6
| Augd sun  =6.9
| Sepd sun  =5.4
| Octd sun  =3.3
| Novd sun  =1.6
| Decd sun  =1.3
| yeard sun =
|source=KMI<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.meteo.be/resources/climatology/climateCity/pdf/climate_INS81001_9120_nl.pdf |title=Klimaatstatistieken van de Belgische gemeenten Aarlen (nis 81001) |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=meteo.be |publisher=KMI |pages=2, 5 |language=Dutch |format=PDF}}</ref>
}}

== Demography ==
The town of Arlon is the most populated of the municipalities in the province of Luxembourg, ahead of Marche-en-Famenne and Aubange. On the other hand, it is the least populated of the country's ten provinces.
On 31 December 2019, the city of Arlon had a total population of 30,047 inhabitants.

== Politics ==
List of mayors :

* [[Pierre Hollenfeltz]]
* 1880–1901 : [[Joseph Netzer]]
* 1901–1921 : [[Numa Ensch-Tesch]]
* 1921–1949 : [[Paul Reuter (former Mayor of Arlon)|Paul Reuter]]
* 1949–1958 : [[Jules Massonnet]]
* 1958–1976 : [[Charles Simon (Dutch politician)|Charles Simon]]
* 1977–1988 : [[Jean Goffinet]]
* 1989–1992 : [[Guy Larcier]]
* 1993–1994 : [[Jean Goffinet]]
* 1995–2006 : [[Guy Larcier]]
* 2007–2012 : [[Raymond Biren]]
* 2013–... : [[Vincent Magnus]]

==People born in Arlon==

*[[Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Rosée]], Bavarian general (1710–1795)
*[[Godefroid Kurth]], historian (1847–1916)
*[[Jean-Marie Gaspar]], sculptor (1861–1931)
*[[Benoît Lamy]], film director (1945–2008)
*[[Ingrid Lempereur]], swimmer (1969)
*[[Jeroen van Busleyden]], humanist (1470–1517)
*[[Anthony Moris]], Luxembourgish footballer (1990)
*[[Timothy Castagne]], Belgian footballer (1995)
*[[Norman Bassette]]. Belgian footballer (2004)

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Belgium}}

===Twin towns — sister cities===
Arlon is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:

*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Saint-Dié-des-Vosges]], France since 1962
*{{flagicon|LUX}} [[Diekirch]], [[Luxemburg]]
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Bitburg]], [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], Germany since 1965
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Sulphur, Louisiana]], United States
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Hayange]], France
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alba (CN)|Alba]], Italy since 1 March 2004
*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Market Drayton]], [[England]], [[UK]]

==See also==
* [[List of protected heritage sites in Arlon]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.arlon.be/ Official site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060610144424/http://arlon-is-on.be/  Alternative to official site] {{in lang|fr}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070310201721/http://www.maitrank.be/  Official ''Maitrank'' web site] {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://www.saint-martin-arlon.be/ Official Saint-Martin parish website of Arlon city] {{in lang|fr}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Arlon
|N  = [[Attert]]
|NE = [[Beckerich]] ([[Luxembourg|LU]]-[[Diekirch District|D]])
|E  = [[Hobscheid]] ([[Luxembourg|LU]]-[[Luxembourg District|L]])<br/>[[Steinfort]] ([[Luxembourg|LU]]-[[Luxembourg District|L]])
|SE = [[Garnich]] ([[Luxembourg|LU]]-[[Luxembourg District|L]])<br/>[[Käerjeng]] ([[Luxembourg|LU]]-[[Luxembourg District|L]])
|S  = [[Messancy]]
|SW = [[Saint-Léger, Belgium|Saint-Léger]]
|W  = [[Étalle, Belgium|Étalle]]
|NW = [[Habay]]
}}
{{Populated places of Arlon}}
{{Municipalities in Luxembourg}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1221 disestablishments in Europe]]
[[Category:Arlon| ]]
[[Category:Counties of the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Cities in Wallonia]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Luxembourg (Belgium)]]
[[Category:Provincial capitals of Wallonia]]
[[Category:Rape of Belgium massacres]]