Editing Arnhem

{{short description|City and municipality in Gelderland, Netherlands}}
{{about|the Dutch city and municipality}}
{{distinguish|Arnheim (disambiguation){{!}}Arnheim}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name               = Arnhem
| settlement_type    = [[Cities of the Netherlands|City]] and [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands|municipality]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
  | total_width            = 280
  | border                 = infobox
  | perrow                 = 2/1/2
  | caption_align          = center
  | image1                 = The Musis Sacrum, late afternoon - panoramio.jpg
  | alt1                   = Musis Sacrum
  | caption1               = Musis Sacrum
  | image2                 = Arnhem centraal station.JPG
  | alt2                   = Arnhem Centraal railway station
  | caption2               = [[Arnhem Centraal railway station]]
  | image3                 = Fanmous W.Diehl architecture at Transvaal district Arnhem city - panoramio.jpg
  | alt3                   = Building by Willem Diehl
  | caption3               = Building by Willem Diehl
  | image4                 = John frostbrug 2.jpg
  | alt4                   = John Frost Bridge
  | caption4               = [[John Frost Bridge]]
  | image5                 = Huis Sonsbeek te Arnhem.jpg
  | alt5                   = Villa Sonsbeek
  | caption5               = Villa Sonsbeek
  }}
| image_flag         = VlagArnhem.svg
| flag_size          = 100x67px
| flag_alt           = 
| image_shield       = Coat of arms of Arnhem.svg
| shield_size        = 100x80px
| shield_alt         = 
| nickname           = Ernem, Arnheim, Arra, Nultweezes, Nulzesentwintig, 026
| image_map          = Map - NL - Municipality code 0202 (2009).svg
| map_alt            = Highlighted position of Arnhem in a municipal map of Gelderland
| map_caption        = Location in Gelderland
| pushpin_map        = Netherlands#Europe
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the Netherlands##Location within Europe
| pushpin_relief     = 1
| coordinates        = {{coord|51|59|N|5|55|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = [[Netherlands]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Provinces of the Netherlands|Province]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Gelderland]]
| government_footnotes = <ref name="mayor_now">{{cite web
 |url = https://www.arnhem.nl/Bestuur/college_van_b_w/samenstelling_college
 |title = Ahmed Marcouch (burgemeester)
 |trans-title = Ahmed Marcouch (mayor)
 |language = nl
 |publisher = Gemeente Arnhem
 |access-date = 10 June 2014
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160422070353/https://www.arnhem.nl/Bestuur/college_van_b_w/samenstelling_college
 |archive-date = 22 April 2016
|url-status = dead
 }}</ref>
| governing_body     = [[Municipal council (Netherlands)|Municipal council]]
| leader_party       = [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|PvdA]]
| leader_title       = [[Burgomaster|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Ahmed Marcouch]]
| total_type         = Municipality
| unit_pref          = Metric
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->| area_footnotes     = <ref>{{Dutch municipality total area|dataref}}</ref>
<!-- square kilometers -->| area_total_km2     = {{Dutch municipality total area|Arnhem}}
| area_land_km2      = {{Dutch municipality land area|Arnhem}}
| area_water_km2     = {{Dutch municipality water area|Arnhem}}
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web
 |url = http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool
 |title = Postcodetool for 6811DG
 |language = nl
 |author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->
 |work = Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland
 |publisher = Het Waterschapshuis
 |access-date = 10 June 2014
 |archive-date = 21 September 2013
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053543/http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool
 |url-status = dead
 }}</ref>
| elevation_m        = 13
| elevation_max_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_max_m    = 
| elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_min_m    = <!-- Population, demographics -->
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Dutch municipality population|dataref}}</ref><ref>{{Dutch municipality population urbanmetro|dataref}}</ref>
| population_total   = {{Dutch municipality population|Arnhem}}
| population_as_of   = Municipality, {{MONTHNAME|{{Dutch municipality population|popbasemonth}}}} {{YEAR|{{Dutch municipality population|popbaseyear}}}}; Urban and Metro, {{MONTHNAME|{{Dutch municipality population urbanmetro|popbasemonth}}}} {{YEAR|{{Dutch municipality population urbanmetro|popbaseyear}}}}
| population_density_km2 = {{Dutch municipality population density|Arnhem}} <!-- For automatic calculation: auto-->
| population_urban   = {{Dutch municipality population urbanmetro|Arnhem Urban}}
| population_metro   = {{Dutch municipality population urbanmetro|Arnhem Metro}}
| population_demonym = Ernemmer
| timezone           = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset         = +1
| timezone_DST       = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +2
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postcode]]
| postal_code        = 6800–6846
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Area code]]
| area_code          = 026
| website            = {{URL|1=http://www.arnhem.nl}}
| module             = {{infobox mapframe|zoom=5}}
| footnotes          = Click on the map for a fullscreen view
| image_blank_emblem = Arnhem logo.svg
| blank_emblem_type  = [[Brandmark]]
| blank_emblem_size  = 120px
}}
'''Arnhem''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈɑrnɛm|lang|nl-Arnhem.ogg}} {{IPA|nl|ˈɑr(ə)nɦɛm||Nl-Arnhem.oga|label=or}}; {{langx|de|Arnheim}} {{IPA|de|ˈaʁnhaɪm||De-Arnheim.ogg}}; [[Central Dutch dialects|Ernems]]: ''Èrnem'') is a [[Cities of the Netherlands|city]] and [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands|municipality]] situated in the eastern part of the [[Netherlands]], near the German border. It is the capital of the [[Provinces of the Netherlands|province]] of [[Gelderland]], located on both banks of the rivers [[Nederrijn]] and [[Sint-Jansbeek]], which was the source of the city's development. 

Arnhem is home to the [[Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen]], [[ArtEZ Institute of the Arts]], [[Netherlands Open Air Museum]], [[Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein']], [[Royal Burgers' Zoo]], [[NOC*NSF]] and [[National Sports Centre Papendal]]. The north corner of the municipality is part of the [[Hoge Veluwe National Park]]. It is approximately {{convert|55|km2|sqmi}} in area, consisting of heathlands, sand dunes, and woodlands.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}

== History ==
=== Early history ===
[[File:Springer-Arnhem.png|thumb|left|Old city hall]]

The oldest archeological findings of human activity around Arnhem are two firestones of about 70,000 years ago. These come from the [[Stone Age]], when the [[Neanderthal]]s lived in this part of [[Europe]]. In Schuytgraaf, remnants of a hunters camp from around 5000 BC have been discovered. In [[Schaarsbergen]], twelve grave mounds were found from 2400 BC, which brought the so-called [[Neolithic Revolution]] to the area of Arnhem, which meant the rise of the farmers.

The earliest settlement in Arnhem dates from 1500 BC, of which traces have been found on the Hoogkamp, where the Van Goyenstraat is currently located. In the inner city, around the [[Sint-Jansbeek]], traces of settlement have been found from around 700 BC, while the first traces south of the [[Rhine]] have been found dating to around 500 BC, in the ''Schuytgraaf''.

Though the early tracks of settlements did show that the early residents of Arnhem descended from the forests on the hills, Arnhem was not built on the banks of the river Rhine, but a little higher along the Sint-Jansbeek. Arnhem arose on the location where the road between [[Nijmegen]] and [[Utrecht]] and [[Zutphen]] split. Seven streams provided the city with water, and only when the flow of the Rhine was changed in 1530, was the city located on the river.

=== Middle Ages ===

Arnhem was first mentioned as such in 893 as ''Arneym'' or ''Arentheym''. In 1233, Count [[Otto II, Count of Guelders|Otto II]] of [[County of Guelders|Guelders]] from [[Zutphen]], conferred [[City rights in the Netherlands|city rights]] on the town, which had belonged to the abbey of Prüm, settled in, and fortified it. Arnhem entered the [[Hanseatic League]] in 1443.<ref name="auto">{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Arnhem | title=Arnhem &#124; Netherlands &#124; Britannica | date=May 2023 }}</ref> In 1473, it was captured by [[Charles the Bold]] of Burgundy.

=== 16th and 17th century ===

In 1514, [[Charles of Egmond]], [[duke]] of [[Duchy of Guelders|Guelders]], took it from the dukes of [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]]; in 1543, it fell to the [[emperor]] [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]. As capital of the so-called "Kwartier van Veluwe" it joined the [[Union of Utrecht]] during the [[Eighty Years' War]] in 1579. After [[Siege of IJsseloord|its capture from the Spanish forces]] by Dutch and English troops in 1585 the city became part of the [[Dutch Republic|Republic of the Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands]].<ref name="auto"/> The French occupied the town from 1672 to 1674.

=== 18th and 19th century ===
[[File:20140822 Huis Zypendaal3 Arnhem.jpg|thumb|Huis Zypendaal]]

From 1795 to 1813, it was reoccupied by the French, by both revolutionary and imperial forces.

In the early 19th century, the former fortifications were almost completely dismantled, to give space for town expansion. The ''Sabelspoort'' (Sabresgate) is the only remaining part of the medieval walls.

In the 19th century, Arnhem was a genteel resort town famous for its picturesque beauty. It was known as "het Haagje van het oosten" (The Little Hague of the East), mainly because a number of rich former sugar barons or planters from the Indies settled there, as they did in [[The Hague]]. Even now the city is famous for its parks and greenery. The urbanization in the north on hilly terrain is also quite unusual for the Netherlands.

=== World War II ===
{{Main|Battle of Arnhem}}
During the German occupation ([[World War II]]), the occupiers operated a subcamp of the [[Herzogenbusch concentration camp]] in the city.<ref>{{cite book|last=Megargee|first=Geoffrey P.|year=2009|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|page=820|isbn=978-0-253-35328-3}}</ref>

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-S73820, Arnheim, britische Gefangene.jpg|thumb|left|Battle of Arnhem]]
During [[Operation Market Garden]] (September 1944), the [[1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom)|British 1st Airborne Division]], under the command of [[Major-general (United Kingdom)|Major-General]] [[Roy Urquhart]], and the [[1st Independent Parachute Brigade (Poland)|Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade]] were given the task of securing the [[bridge]] at Arnhem.

[[Glider infantry]] and [[paratrooper]] units were landed into the area on 17 September and later.  The bulk of the force was dropped rather far from the bridge and never met their objective.  A small element of the British 1st Airborne, the [[2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment|2nd Parachute Battalion]] under [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant Colonel]] [[John Frost (British Army officer)|John D. Frost]], managed to make its way as far as the bridge but was unable to secure both sides. The British troops encountered stiff resistance from the German [[9th SS Panzer Division Hohenstaufen|9th]] and [[10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg|10th SS Panzer Division]]s, which had been stationed in and around the city.

[[File:John Frostbrug 2017.jpg|thumb|The [[John Frost Bridge]], seen from the Airborne memorial]]
The British force at the bridge eventually ran out of ammunition and was captured on 21 September, and a full withdrawal of the remaining forces was made on 26 September. These events were dramatized in the 1977 movie ''[[A Bridge Too Far (1977 film)|A Bridge Too Far]]''. (The bridge scenes in the movie were shot in [[Deventer]], where a similar bridge over the [[IJssel]] was available, as the area around Arnhem bridge had changed too much to represent WWII-era Arnhem). As a tribute, the rebuilt bridge was renamed '[[John Frost Bridge]]' after the commander of the paratroopers. The official commemoration is 17 September.

The current bridge is the third almost-identical bridge built at the same spot. The [[Dutch Army]] destroyed the first bridge when the [[German Army (Wehrmacht)|German Army]] [[Battle of the Netherlands|invaded the Netherlands]] in 1940. The second bridge was destroyed by the [[United States Army Air Forces]] shortly after the 1944 battle.

=== Liberation ===

{{Main|Liberation of Arnhem}}
A second battle of Arnhem took place in April 1945 when the city was liberated by the British [[49th (West Riding) Infantry Division]] fighting as part of the [[First Canadian Army]]. The inhabitants of the city, who had been forcibly evacuated by the Germans during and after the battle, returned in the summer of 1945. The reconstruction of Arnhem took until 1969 to finally be completed.

Just outside Arnhem, in the town of Oosterbeek the [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]] built the [[Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery]] which contains the graves of most of those killed during the September landings, and many of those killed in later fighting in the area.

The city also hosted the [[1980 Summer Paralympics]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.paralympic.org/arnhem-1980 | title=Arnhem 1980 }}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Gem-Arnhem-OpenTopo.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Topographic map of Arnhem.]]

=== Neighbourhoods ===

The municipality of Arnhem consists of the city of Arnhem and the following surrounding suburbs and former villages:
* [[Elden, Netherlands]] (former village, now totally surrounded by other Arnhem neighbourhoods)
* Schaarsbergen

Arnhem consists of three districts (''stadsdelen'') and 24 neighbourhoods (''wijken''). Each neighbourhood has a number which corresponds to its [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|postal code]].

# Arnhem Centrum ''(Binnenstad)'' 
# Arnhem-North ''(Spijkerkwartier, Arnhemse Broek, Presikhaaf-West, Presikhaaf-East, St. Marten/Sonsbeek-Zuid, Klarendal, Velperweg, Alteveer en Cranevelt, Geitenkamp, Monnikenhuizen, Burgemeesterswijk/Hoogkamp, Heijenoord/Lombok, Klingelbeek)'' 
# Arnhem-South ''(Malburgen-West, Malburgen-East (North), Malburgen-East (South), De Laar East/West, Vredenburg/Kronenburg, Elderveld, Rijkerswoerd, Schuytgraaf)''

=== Neighbouring villages ===
The outlying areas of the following villages are bordering the municipality of Arnhem directly, which means among others that in many a case a considerable number of their inhabitants originate from Arnhem.

{{div col}}
* [[Velp, Gelderland|Velp]]
* [[Oosterbeek]]
* [[Driel]]
* [[Elst, Gelderland|Elst]]
* [[Huissen]]
* [[Wolfheze]]
* [[Rozendaal]]
* [[Westervoort]]
{{div col end}}

=== Proximity of border with Germany ===

The city lies approximately 15 kilometers from the border with [[Germany]], and to some extent the westernmost villages in the municipality of [[Elten]], [[Germany]], function as dormitories for people who work in the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] city of Arnhem in part due to the immigration of Dutch people from the region that were attracted by the lower house pricing just across the border.

=== Climate ===

Arnhem features the same climate (Cfb, oceanic climate) as all of the Netherlands; however, its location on the foothills of the Veluwe, the largest forest in the Netherlands, contributes to some higher precipitation values.
{{Weather box
|location = [[Deelen]], Arnhem (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1953−present)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 14.5
|Feb record high C = 19.5
|Mar record high C = 24.6
|Apr record high C = 29.4
|May record high C = 31.9
|Jun record high C = 34.2
|Jul record high C = 39.2
|Aug record high C = 37.2
|Sep record high C = 32.7
|Oct record high C = 26.4
|Nov record high C = 19.5
|Dec record high C = 15.2
|Jan record low C = -24.2
|Feb record low C = -23.2
|Mar record low C = -17.0
|Apr record low C = -9.4
|May record low C = -4.5
|Jun record low C = -0.9
|Jul record low C = 2.0
|Aug record low C = 2.4
|Sep record low C = -0.9
|Oct record low C = -6.5
|Nov record low C = -9.9
|Dec record low C = -18.4
|Jan high C = 5.4
|Feb high C = 6.5
|Mar high C = 10.3
|Apr high C = 14.9
|May high C = 18.6
|Jun high C = 21.3
|Jul high C = 23.4
|Aug high C = 23.0
|Sep high C = 19.4
|Oct high C = 14.5
|Nov high C = 9.3
|Dec high C = 6.0
|year high C = 14.4
|Jan mean C = 2.9
|Feb mean C = 3.2
|Mar mean C = 5.9
|Apr mean C = 9.6
|May mean C = 13.3
|Jun mean C = 16.1
|Jul mean C = 18.1
|Aug mean C = 17.7
|Sep mean C = 14.5
|Oct mean C = 10.5
|Nov mean C = 6.4
|Dec mean C = 3.5
|year mean C = 10.1
|Jan low C = 0.0
|Feb low C = -0.0
|Mar low C = 1.6
|Apr low C = 3.8
|May low C = 7.5
|Jun low C = 10.4
|Jul low C = 12.6
|Aug low C = 12.3
|Sep low C = 9.8
|Oct low C = 6.6
|Nov low C = 3.3
|Dec low C = 0.9
|year low C = 5.7
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 79.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 63.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 60.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 43.8
|May precipitation mm = 62.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 69.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 86.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 83.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 73.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 73.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 79.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 91.3
|year precipitation mm = 868.0
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 
|Feb precipitation days = 
|Mar precipitation days = 
|Apr precipitation days = 
|May precipitation days = 
|Jun precipitation days = 
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|Jan snow cm = 
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|year snow cm = 
|unit snow days = 1 cm
|Jan snow days = 
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|May snow days = 
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|Dec snow days = 
|Jan humidity = 88.8
|Feb humidity = 85.5
|Mar humidity = 80.0
|Apr humidity = 72.8
|May humidity = 72.5
|Jun humidity = 74.5
|Jul humidity = 75.7
|Aug humidity = 77.5
|Sep humidity = 82.5
|Oct humidity = 86.6
|Nov humidity = 90.9
|Dec humidity = 90.8
|year humidity = 81.5
|Jan sun = 62.7
|Feb sun = 86.7
|Mar sun = 135.8
|Apr sun = 181.6
|May sun = 205.1
|Jun sun = 196.2
|Jul sun = 203.2
|Aug sun = 188.3
|Sep sun = 148.7
|Oct sun = 115.9
|Nov sun = 66.7
|Dec sun = 53.5
|year sun = 1644.4
|Jan percentsun = 24.2
|Feb percentsun = 30.8
|Mar percentsun = 36.8
|Apr percentsun = 43.6
|May percentsun = 42.2
|Jun percentsun = 39.3
|Jul percentsun = 40.4
|Aug percentsun = 41.4
|Sep percentsun = 39.0
|Oct percentsun = 35.0
|Nov percentsun = 25.0
|Dec percentsun = 22.0
|year percentsun =35.0
|source 1 = [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://weerstatistieken.nl/deelen
| title = Weerstatistieken Deelen
| publisher = [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute]]
| access-date = 25 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.knmi.nl/klimaat-viewer/grafieken-tabellen/meteorologische-stations/stations-maand/stations-maand_1991-2020
|title=Klimaatviewer 1991-2020
| publisher = [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute]]
| access-date = 25 June 2022}}</ref>}}

== Demographics ==

=== Inhabitants by nationality ===

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Arnhem residents by ethnic background (1 January 2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mosaic3 |url=https://arnhem.incijfers.nl/dashboard/staat-van-de-stad/bevolking |access-date=25 April 2023 |website=arnhem.incijfers.nl}}</ref>
|-
! Country || 2023
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Netherlands]] || 64.2% 
|-
|{{flagicon|EU}} European Union || 8.9%
|-
|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Turks in the Netherlands|Turkey]] || 5.2% 
|-
|{{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indo people|Indonesia]]
|3.4%
|-
|{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Morocco]]|| 2.4% 
|-
|{{flagicon|SUR}} [[Surinamese people|Suriname]]|| 2.1% 
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Dutch Caribbean]]|| 2.1% 
|-
| Other non-western || 11.7%
|-
|}

== Places of interest ==

[[File:Arnhem, straatzicht de Vijzelstraat voor Giro d'Italia positie2 foto5 2016-04-17 19.13.jpg|thumb|City centre]]
The ''[[St Eusebius' Church, Arnhem|Grote Kerk]]'' (St. Eusebius' Church), built 1452–1560, lost most of its tower during World War II, of which a part has been reconstructed to a modern design and opened in 1964. Officially the tower is not part of the church and is owned by the municipality.

The house of Maarten van Rossum, a general serving Duke Charles van Gelre, has been the town hall since 1830: The [[satyr]]s in its [[Renaissance]] ornamentation earned it the name ''Duivelshuis'' (devil's house). The [[Netherlands Open Air Museum]] is located outside the city. It includes antique houses, farms, factories, and [[windmill]]s from different parts of the Netherlands. Two other windmills stand in Arnhem itself, [[De Hoop, Arnhem|De Hoop]] and [[De Kroon, Arnhem|De Kroon]].

The [[Royal Burgers' Zoo]] in Arnhem is one of the biggest and most-visited zoos in the Netherlands, featuring an underwater walkthrough, desert, mangrove, and rainforest. The [[GelreDome]], the home of [[Vitesse Arnhem]], the city's [[Eredivisie]] team in [[football (soccer)|football]], is a unique facility that features a retractable roof and a slide-out grass pitch. The concept has been fully duplicated since then by the [[Veltins-Arena]] in [[Gelsenkirchen]], Germany, and [[State Farm Stadium]] in [[Glendale, Arizona]], U.S., and partially by the [[Sapporo Dome]] in Japan (which has a sliding pitch but a fixed roof).

The [[KEMA Toren]] (formerly known as ''SEP Control Tower'') is the highest structure of the town. It is a 140-m-high TV tower.

=== Parks ===
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Park sonsbeek.jpg|Sonsbeek Park (Urban park)
File:20140822 Beuken bij Huis Zypendaal Arnhem.jpg|Zypendaal Park
File:Nationaal Park Veluwezoom near Posbank.jpg|Veluwezoom National Park
File:Sand Area Hoge Veluwe.jpg|Hoge Veluwe National Park
</gallery>

=== Museums in and around Arnhem ===
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Openma04.JPG|Netherlands Open Air Museum
File:Airborne Museum Hartenstein.jpg|Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein'
File:Arnhem - Utrechtseweg 87 - 3.jpg|Gemeentemuseum
File:Bronbeek Arnhem 5.JPG|Museum Bronbeek
</gallery>

=== Buildings and locations ===
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Musis Sacrum - panoramio.jpg|Musis Sacrum
File:Arnhem - Voormalig postkantoor 2.JPG|Arnhem Centrum
File:23 april 2016 CS Arnhem.jpg|Central Station
File:Springtime at the entrance of Burgers Zoo Arnhem-Schaarsbergen at 19 March 2015 - panoramio.jpg|Burgers Zoo
</gallery>

== Events ==

[[File:Arnhem Airborneplein Gemeentearchief Ede GA55141.jpg|Airborne Commemoration (1994)|thumb|right|240px]]
*Airborne Commemoration (17–26 September)
*World Statues Festival (The World Championship of [[Living Statue]]s)
*Sonsbeek Theater Avenue 
*Free Your Mind Festival
*Dancetour
*8Bahn
*De Rabo Bridge to Bridge (Marathon)
*UITboulevard (Cultural Festival)
*Sprookjesfestival (Fairy tale Festival)
*[[King's Day]]
*[[Sinterklaas]]
*Hoogte80
*ASM Festival

== Sport ==

[[File:Vooraanzicht Hotel Papendal.jpg|thumb|left|National Sports Centre Papendal]]
[[File:GelreDome 4.png|thumb|right|[[GelreDome]] Stadium]]
The [[National Sports Centre Papendal]] is the national sports development centre of the [[Netherlands]], located in Arnhem. The first event held at Papendal was the [[1980 Summer Paralympics]], from 21 June to 5 July. However the site was formally adopted and developed from 1993, after the merger of the Dutch National Olympic Committee (NOC) and the Nederlandse Sport Federatie (NSF).

[[NOC*NSF]] have 90 affiliated national sports organizations, representing about 2700 individual sports clubs.<ref name=About>{{cite web|publisher=NOC*NSF|title=Over ons (About us)|language=nl|url=http://www.nocnsf.nl/over-nocnsf/|access-date=4 December 2010}}</ref> Papendal is also the training location of [[Association football|football]] club [[Vitesse Arnhem]], and the club's youth development system. Supporting facilities include a conference centre and hotel.

In preparation for the [[2012 Summer Olympics]], in 2011 the facility built a replica of the proposed [[BMX racing]] track at the [[London Velopark]] venue.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/olliewilliams/2011/03/building_a_london_2012_venue_-.shtml|title=Building a London 2012 venue - in a Dutch forest|author=Ollie Williams|work=BBC Sport|date=25 March 2011|access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> The track will host the second event on the 2011 [[UCI BMX World Championships]], on 27 and 28 May 2011.

Since January 2013 Sports Centre Papendal officially split from NOC * NSF and thus as organization demerges. This split offers Sports Centre Papendal many commercial benefits. There are facilities for various sports, including athletics, cycling and more.

Sport in the city is principally focussed on its association football club [[Vitesse Arnhem]] and its stadium the [[GelreDome]] built for the [[UEFA Euro 2000]]. The club has enjoyed some success in the [[Eredivisie]] and has featured in the [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]] competition. Their best result in the [[Eredivisie]] was third place in 1997[[2014–15 KNVB Cup|–]]98. The club won the [[KNVB Cup]] in [[2016–17 KNVB Cup|2016–17]].

[[Introdans]] is a dance company based in the city of Arnhem. In 2009 the [[Ministry of Education, Culture and Science]] designated Introdans part of the basic national infrastructure. In 2016 was the [[2016 Giro d'Italia|Giro d'Italia]] in Arnhem.

== Transport ==
[[File:Arnhem trolleybus 2017 2.jpg|left|thumb|160x160px|Trolleybus in Arnhem]]
Due to its central location in Eastern Netherlands, Arnhem is a hub for water, road, and rail traffic.

Arnhem is [[Cycling in the Netherlands|bikeable]].  The [[RijnWaalpad]] is a 17 km long bicycle highway and connects Arnhem with [[Nijmegen]]. It is the region's first fast-paced cycling route. In 2018 the second fast bike route was opened and Arnhem connects with [[Wageningen]].

Arnhem has had a main central railway station since 1845 – [[Arnhem Centraal railway station]], which is serviced by several intercity lines and the [[Intercity-Express]] to [[Düsseldorf]] and further on to [[Frankfurt]].

Until 2016, there were also [[NS International]] trains to other destinations abroad, with some coaches going as far as [[Moscow]].

The intercity lines provide direct connections to [[Utrecht]], [[Nijmegen]] and [[Zutphen]]. It is also the terminus for several local railway services. Arnhem has three other stations, namely [[Arnhem Velperpoort railway station|Arnhem Velperpoort]] (since 1953), [[Arnhem Presikhaaf railway station|Arnhem Presikhaaf]] (since 1969) and [[Arnhem Zuid railway station|Arnhem Zuid]] (since 2005).

[[KLM]] operates a bus from the train station to [[Schiphol Airport]] for its customers until April 2025.<ref>"[https://www.klm.com/travel/us_en/plan_and_book/ticket_information/travel_by_train_on_a_klm_ticket/index.htm Travel by bus or rail with a KLM ticket] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029112125/https://www.klm.com/travel/us_en/plan_and_book/ticket_information/travel_by_train_on_a_klm_ticket/index.htm |date=29 October 2016 }}." [[KLM]]. Retrieved 29 October 2016.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gld.nl/nieuws/8264576/geen-gratis-bus-naar-schiphol-meer-vanuit-nijmegen-en-arnhem|title=Geen gratis bus naar Schiphol meer vanuit Nijmegen en Arnhem|first=Jitka|last=Marks|date=28 January 2025|website=www.gld.nl}}</ref> 

Arnhem is unique in the Netherlands with its [[Trolleybuses in Arnhem|trolleybus system]].

==Notable people==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Karel Aalbers]] (1949), Business man and club president
*[[Truus van Aalten]] (1910–1999), actress
*[[Afro Brothers]] (2016), electronic/urban DJ duo
*[[Blaudzun]] (1974), singer-songwriter
*[[Marion Bloem]] (1952), writer and film maker
*[[Hetty Blok]] (1920–2012), cabaret artist, singer, and actress
*[[Edmond Classen]] (1938–2014), actor
*[[Ien Dales]] (1931–1994), politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) 
*[[Esmée Denters]] (1988), singer and YouTube celebrity
* [[Eva Duldig]] (born 1938), Austrian-born Australian and Dutch tennis player, author
*[[Henk Guth]] (1921-2002), artist
*[[Jan van Hooff]] (1936), biologist
*[[Aarnoud van Heemstra]] (1871–1957), politician and maternal grandfather of [[Audrey Hepburn]]
*[[Kenny van Hummel]] (1982), bicycle racer
*[[Rudolf Jansen]] (1940–2024), pianist
*[[Tania de Jong]], Dutch-born Australian soprano and entrepreneur; daughter of Eva Duldig
* [[Ferdi Kadıoğlu]], (1999), Dutch-born Turkish player
*[[Antonie Kamerling]] (1966–2010), actor and musician
*[[Herman Koch]] (1953), writer and actor
*[[Hendrik Lorentz]] (1853–1928), physicist and [[Nobel Prize]] laureate
*[[Mark van der Maarel]] (1989), former Dutch football player
*[[Goos Meeuwsen]] (1982), circus artist
*[[Leo Peelen]] (1968–2017), track cyclist
*[[Estavana Polman]] (1992), handballer
*[[Eveline Saalberg]] (1998), Track and Field Runner, 4x400m Relay European Indoor Champion (2023), 4x400m Relay European Outdoor Champion (2022, 2024), 4x400m Relay World Outdoor Champion (2023), 4x400m Relay World Indoor Champion (2024), 4x400m Relay Silver Medalist at the [[2024 Summer Olympics]]
*[[Joran van der Sloot]] (1987), convicted murderer
*[[Mart Smeets]] (1947), radio and television host, and writer
*[[Saar de Swart]] (1861–1951), sculptor
*[[Rik Toonen]] (1954), water polo player, bronze medalist at the [[1976 Summer Olympics]]
*[[Linda Wagenmakers]] (1975), singer and voice actress
*[[William H. Machen]] (1832-1911), Dutch-born American artist
{{div col end}}

== Facts and figures ==

* ''Arnhem'' is the name of a march composed by A.E. Kelly.
* [[Arnhem Land]] in Australia is named after the [[Dutch East India Company|VOC]]-ship ''Arnhem''.
* ''[[Theirs is the Glory]]'' (a.k.a. ''Men of Arnhem''), is a 1946 British war film about the British 1st Airborne Division's involvement in the [[Battle of Arnhem]] (17 to 25 September 1944) during [[Operation Market Garden]] in the Second World War. Another film, [[A Bridge Too Far (film)|''A Bridge Too Far'']], tells the story of the failure of Operation Market Garden in Arnhem.

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Netherlands}}
Arnhem is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Arnhem|url=http://www.amazing-holland.nl/assets/arnhem-dutch.pdf|website=amazing-holland.nl|publisher=Amazing Holland|page=11|language=nl|access-date=21 July 2021}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Coventry]], England, United Kingdom
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[London Borough of Croydon|Croydon]], England, United Kingdom
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Gera]], Germany
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Hradec Králové]], Czech Republic
*{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]], South Africa
*{{flagicon|PER}} [[Villa El Salvador]], Peru
<!--Wuhan - twinning ended-->
*{{flagicon|SCT}} [[Airdrie, North Lanarkshire|Airdrie]], Scotland, United Kingdom
{{div col end}}

== See also ==
* [[Arnhem Metal Meeting]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
{{wikivoyage|Arnhem}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090419163655/http://www.arnhem.nl/english/ Municipality] Official website (English version)
*[http://www.arnhemnijmegenregion.com/arnhem VVV Arnhem] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412004109/http://www.arnhemnijmegenregion.com/arnhem |date=12 April 2018 }} Tourist Office (English version)
*[http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/2063800 Commonwealth War Graves Commission] The CWGC Page for the cemetery.

<!--Please note that not all directions need to be filled-->
<!--Please note that preferably only neighboring municipalities or bodies of water should be used-->
{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Arnhem
|North     = [[Apeldoorn]]
|Northeast = [[Rozendaal]]
|East      = [[Rheden]]
|Southeast = ''[[IJssel]]'' / [[Westervoort]]
|South     = [[Lingewaard]]
|Southwest = [[Overbetuwe]]
|West      = [[Renkum]]
|Northwest = [[Ede, Netherlands|Ede]]
}}
{{Gelderland Province}}
{{Dutch capital cities}}
{{Paralympic Summer Games Host Cities}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Arnhem| ]]
[[Category:Cities in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Gelderland]]
[[Category:Populated places in Gelderland]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Rhine]]
[[Category:Provincial capitals of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Members of the Hanseatic League]]