Editing Art Shell

{{Short description|American football player and coach (born 1946)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox NFL biography
| name           = Art Shell
| image          = Art Shell in 2006.jpg
| image_size     =
| alt            = 
| caption        = Shell in 2006
| number         = 78
| position       = [[Tackle (gridiron football position)|Offensive tackle]]
| birth_date     = {{Birth date and age|1946|11|26}}
| birth_place    = [[Charleston, South Carolina]], U.S.
| death_date     = 
| death_place    = 
| height_ft      = 6
| height_in      = 5
| weight_lb      = 265
| high_school    = [[Bonds-Wilson High School|Bonds-Wilson]] <br> ([[North Charleston, South Carolina]])
| college        = [[Maryland Eastern Shore Hawks|Maryland State]] (1964–1967)
| draftyear      = 1968
| draftround     = 3
| draftpick      = 80
| pastteams      =
* [[Oakland Raiders|Oakland]] / [[Los Angeles Raiders]] ([[1968 American Football League season|1968]]–{{NFL Year|1982}})
| pastcoaching   =
* Los Angeles Raiders ({{NFL Year|1983|1989}}) <br> Offensive line coach
* Los Angeles Raiders (1989) <br> Interim head coach
* Los Angeles Raiders ({{NFL Year|1990|1994}}) <br> Head coach
* [[Kansas City Chiefs]] ({{NFL Year|1995|1996}}) <br> Offensive line coach
* [[Atlanta Falcons]] ({{NFL year|1997|2000}}) <br> Offensive line coach
* [[Oakland Raiders]] ({{NFL Year|2006}}) <br> Head coach
| highlights     = ; As a player
* 3× [[List of Super Bowl champions|Super Bowl champion]] ([[Super Bowl XI|XI]], [[Super Bowl XV|XV]], [[Super Bowl XVIII|XVIII]])
* 2× First-team [[All-Pro]] ([[1974 All-Pro Team|1974]], [[1977 All-Pro Team|1977]])
* 2× Second-team All-Pro ([[1975 All-Pro Team|1975]], [[1978 All-Pro Team|1978]])
* 8× [[Pro Bowl]] ([[1973 Pro Bowl|1972]]–[[1979 Pro Bowl|1978]], [[1981 Pro Bowl|1980]])
* [[NFL 1970s All-Decade Team]]
* [[NFL 100th Anniversary All-Time Team]]
* Second-team [[Little All-America college football team|Little All-American]] ([[1967 Little All-America college football team|1967]])
* 3× First-team All-[[Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association|CIAA]] (1965–1967)
* South Carolina Sports Hall of Fame
; As a coach
* [[National Football League Coach of the Year Award#UPI National Football League Coach of the Year|''UPI'' NFL Coach of Year]] (1990)
| statleague     = AFL/NFL
| statlabel1     = Games played
| statvalue1     = 207
| statlabel2     = Games started
| statvalue2     = 169
| statlabel3     = [[Fumble]] recoveries
| statvalue3     = 8
| regular_record = {{Winning percentage|56|52|record=y}}
| playoff_record = {{Winning percentage|2|3|record=y}}
| overall_record = {{Winning percentage|58|55|record=y}}
| pfr            = S/ShelAr00
| pfrcoach       = ShelAr0
| HOF            = art-shell
| CollegeHOF     = 2349 
}}

'''Arthur Lee Shell Jr.'''<ref name="Sphinx 1989">{{cite web|title=Brother Art Shell elected to the NFL Hall of Fame|url=http://issuu.com/apa1906network/docs/198907501|website=The Sphinx|publisher=Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity|access-date=August 24, 2014|pages=19|date=Spring 1989}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Cullen, Rick|title=The spotlight for Art Shell|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/39702592/|website=Salisbury Daily Times|pages=18|date=January 8, 1977}}</ref> (born November 26, 1946) is an American former professional [[American football|football]] player and coach. He played as an [[Tackle (gridiron football position)|offensive tackle]] in the [[American Football League]] (AFL) and later in the [[National Football League]] (NFL) for the [[Oakland Raiders|Oakland]] / [[Los Angeles Raiders]]. He played [[college football]] at Maryland State College—now [[University of Maryland Eastern Shore]]—and was drafted by the Raiders in the third round (80th overall) of the [[1968 NFL/AFL draft]]. He was later a twice [[head coach]] for the Raiders. He holds the distinction of becoming the second African American head coach in the history of professional football and the first in the sport's modern era. Shell was inducted into the [[College Football Hall of Fame]] in 2013 and into the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]] in 1989.

== Early life ==
Shell was born on November 26, 1946, in [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]] or [[North Charleston, South Carolina]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Noland |first=Eric |date=January 8, 1991 |title=The Art of Coaching |work=Los Angeles Daily News |pages=S1}}</ref> He was the oldest child of Arthur Lee Shell Sr., a machine set operator, and Gertrude Shell, who died when Shell was 15. After her death, Shell took on added responsibility caring for his siblings. Shell attended the segregated [[Bonds-Wilson High School]], which no longer exists, graduating in 1964. He was coached by James Fields and Eugene Gray. He made all-state teams in both basketball and football.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Otis |date=2021-05-22 |title=Arthur "Art" Lee Shell, Jr. (1946- ) • |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/people-african-american-history/arthur-art-lee-shell-jr-1946/ |access-date=2024-11-04 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Art Shell (2013) - Hall of Fame |url=https://footballfoundation.org/hof_search.aspx?hof=2349 |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=National Football Foundation |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Art Shell |url=https://scfootballhof.org/inductees/inductees-2015/art-shell/ |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=SC Football Hall of Fame {{!}} Become a life changer for our youth! |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

In 2015, Shell was inducted into the [[South Carolina Football Hall of Fame]].<ref name=":5" />

== College ==
Shell went to college at Maryland State College,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nehus Saxon |first=Lisa |date=October 8, 1989 |title=Shell Leaves Impressions That Will Last |work=San Jose Mercury News |pages=20D |agency=Knight-Ridder News Service}}</ref> now the [[University of Maryland Eastern Shore]] (UMES), an historically black college in [[Princess Anne, Maryland]]. He was coached by [[Roosevelt Gilliam|Roosevelt "Sandy" Gilliam]], and played offensive tackle and defensive tackle on the football team. He was named a [[Little All-America team|Little All-America]] his senior year in 1967, All Conference in three seasons, and was named All-America by the ''[[Pittsburgh Courier]]'' and ''[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]'' magazine in 1967. Shell's teams were 20–8–1. Future NFL and College Football Hall of Fame running back [[Emerson Boozer]] was one of his teammates. He graduated in 1968 with a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree in [[industrial arts]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /> Shell is a member of [[Alpha Phi Alpha]] fraternity.<ref name="Sphinx 1989" />

He was inducted into the UMES Hall of Fame in 1984,<ref name=":3" /> [[Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association]] (CIAA) Hall of Fame in 2006,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Art Shell (2006) - CIAA Hall of Fame Members |url=https://theciaa.com/hof.aspx?hof=222 |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=theciaa.com |language=en}}</ref> the Black College Hall of Fame in 2011,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-10-21 |title=ART SHELL ELECTED INTO BLACK COLLEGE FOOTBALL HALL OF FAME |url=https://umeshawksports.com/news/2010/10/21/ART_SHELL_ELECTED_INTO_BLACK_COLLEGE_FOOTBALL_HALL_OF_FAME |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=University of Maryland Eastern Shore Athletics |language=en}}</ref> and the College Football Hall of Fame in 2013.<ref name=":3" /> Since 2000, Shell has held the UMES Celebrity Golf Classic, a celebrity golf tournament.<ref name=":3" />

==Playing career==
Shell was drafted in the third round by the American Football League's [[Oakland Raiders]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Valli |first=Bob |date=January 31, 1968 |title=Massive Tackles Drafted |work=Oakland Tribune |pages=39}}</ref> Playing [[offensive tackle]], Shell participated in 23 postseason playoff contests in the AFL and NFL,<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Art Shell Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/ShelAr00.htm |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> including eight AFC or AFL championship games, a loss in [[Super Bowl II]], and victories in [[Super Bowl]]s [[Super Bowl XI|XI]] and [[Super Bowl XV|XV]]. He was a four time All Pro (two times first team and two second team), and was named to eight [[Pro Bowl]]s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Art Shell {{!}} Pro Football Hall of Fame |url=https://www.profootballhof.com/players/art-shell/ |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=pfhof |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":2" />
[[File:Pro Football Hall of Fame (38093657644).jpg|alt=Art Shell's Raiders jersey is shown displayed in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.|left|thumb|Art Shell's Raiders jersey is shown displayed in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.]]
He played 15 seasons for the Raiders. He was a top special teams player his first two years, and then moved to offensive line in his third year, becoming equally adept at pass and run blocking.<ref name=":1" /> Shell played 156 straight games for the Raiders until he suffered a preseason injury in 1979, and after he recovered, Shell played another 51 straight games until he was injured again in 1982, his final season. Shell played next to hall of fame and [[NFL 100th Anniversary All-Time Team|100th Anniversary All-Time]] teammate guard [[Gene Upshaw]] in three different decades.<ref name=":1" /> He was also offensive linemates with hall of fame and 100th Anniversary All-Time teammate [[Jim Otto]] and hall of fame offensive tackle [[Bob Brown (offensive lineman)|Bob Brown]].<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Behind the Bronze: Willie Lanier {{!}} Pro Football Hall of Fame |url=https://www.profootballhof.com/news/2010/10/news-behind-the-bronze-willie-lanier/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=pfhof |language=en}}</ref>

Shell was elected to the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]] in 1989.<ref name=":1" /> In 2019, he was named to the [[NFL 100th Anniversary All-Time Team]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=NFL 100 |url=https://www.nfl.com/100/all-time-team/roster |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=NFL.com |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1999, he was ranked number 55 on ''[[The Sporting News]]''' list of the 100 Greatest Football Players.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sporting News 100 Greatest Players of All-Time (1999) |url=https://futurefootballlegends.com/Sporting_News_100/ |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=futurefootballlegends.com}}</ref> In 2021, ''[[The Athletic]]'' listed Shell as the 76th greatest player ever.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Reed |first=Tashan |title=NFL 100: At No. 76, Art Shell dominated on the field, broke barriers as a coach |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/2685257/2021/07/20/nfl-100-at-no-76-art-shell-dominated-on-the-field-broke-barriers-as-a-coach/ |access-date=2024-11-04 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He was also a member of the 1970s All-Decade Team and the Super Bowl Silver Anniversary Team (1990).<ref name=":1" />

==Coaching career==
Shell was an offensive line coach with the Raiders from 1983 to 1988.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |date=January 4, 2001 |title=Art Shell Resigns From the Falcons |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/04/sports/plus-pro-football-art-shell-resigns-from-the-falcons.html |work=New York Times}}</ref> In 1989, the Raiders owner [[Al Davis]] hired Shell as his head coach to replace [[Mike Shanahan]], becoming the first black head coach in modern NFL history, and the first since [[Fritz Pollard]] in 1925. In the NFL's early years, Pollard, an African American running back, was a player-coach for the [[Hammond Pros|Hammond (Indiana) Pros]] from 1923-1925. Pollard had earlier been a teammate of [[Paul Robeson]] on the [[Akron Pros]] of the [[American Professional Football Association]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Janofsky |first=Michael |date=October 4, 1989 |title=Shell Is First Black Coach in N.F.L. Since 20's |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/04/sports/shell-is-first-black-coach-in-nfl-since-20-s.html |work=New York Times}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite news |date=February 11, 2006 |title=Shell to Return As Raiders Coach |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/11/sports/shell-to-return-as-raiders-coach.html |work=New York Times}}</ref> 

===Los Angeles Raiders===
Through [[Al Davis]], Shell is a member of the [[Sid Gillman]] [[coaching tree]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-05-24 |title=Coaching tree, legacy of Sid Gillman |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/page/coachingtreegillman130524/greatest-nfl-coaches-sid-gillman-coaching-tree |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The NFL Coaching Tree 2008 (Pt. 2) - Sports Central |url=https://www.sports-central.org/sports/2008/02/29/the_nfl_coaching_tree_2008_pt_2.php |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=www.sports-central.org}}</ref> As coach of the Raiders from 1989 to 1994 (at the time located in Los Angeles), Shell coached 12 games in 1989, and 16 games/year from 1990 to 1994, compiling a record of 54 wins and 38 losses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Art Shell Record, Statistics, and Category Ranks |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/coaches/ShelAr0.htm |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Shell was named [[American Football Conference|AFC]] [[NFL Coach of the Year Award|Coach of the Year]] in 1990, when the Raiders won the [[AFC West]] division with a 12–4 record, and advanced to the [[1990–91 NFL playoffs#AFC Championship: Buffalo Bills 51, Los Angeles Raiders 3|AFC championship game]] in the playoffs,<ref>{{Cite web |title=1990 Los Angeles Raiders Rosters, Stats, Schedule, Team Draftees |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/rai/1990.htm |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> becoming the first African-American coach to lead the team to the Conference Championship game.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7" /> Shell also received the [[Maxwell Football Club|Maxwell Club]]'s coach of the year award (the [[Greasy Neale Award]]),<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 23, 1991 |title=Cunningham Is Voted N.F.L. Player of Year |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/23/sports/sports-people-pro-football-cunningham-is-voted-nfl-player-of-year.html |work=New York Times}}</ref> and ''[[Pro Football Weekly]]'s'' NFL Coach of the Year Award.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coach of the Year |url=https://www.profootballwriters.org/on-field-awards/pfwa-coach-of-the-year/ |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=PFWA |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Al Davis]], owner of the Raiders, fired Shell after a 9–7 season in 1994,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Springer |first=Stever |date=February 3, 1995 |title=Silver and Black Turns to White : Davis Pulls Trigger, Finally Fires Shell |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-02-03-sp-27738-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> a move Davis later called "a mistake."<ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=David |last2=Gay |first2=Nancy |date=January 5, 2007 |title=Shell fired by Raiders again / Davis called coach's '94 dismissal 'a mistake'; apparently thought rehiring was another |url=https://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/Shell-fired-by-Raiders-again-Davis-called-2659515.php |website=SFGATE}}</ref>

===After the Raiders===
After leaving the Raiders, Shell went on to coaching positions with the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] (offensive line coach 1995-1996) and [[Atlanta Falcons]] (offensive line coach for four years before resigning in early 2001),<ref name=":7" /> before serving as a senior vice president for the NFL, in charge of football operations. In 2004, Shell became the NFL's Senior Vice President over football operations, supervising all football operations and development.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />

===2006 return to Raiders===
Shell was working for the NFL when he was officially re-hired by the-then Oakland Raiders as head coach on February 11, 2006.<ref name=":8" /> After leading the team to its worst record (2 wins, 14 losses) since 1962, despite having one of the best defenses, Shell was fired for the second time as head coach of the Raiders on January 4, 2007.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/Shell-fired-by-Raiders-again-Davis-called-2659515.php#photo-2136197 | title=Shell fired by Raiders again / Davis called coach's '94 dismissal 'a mistake'; apparently thought rehiring was another | first1=David | last1=White | first2=Nancy | last2=Gay | date=January 5, 2007 | work=San Francisco Chronicle | access-date=October 31, 2018}}</ref>

===Head coaching record===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2"|Team !! rowspan="2"|Year !! colspan="5"|Regular season !! colspan="4"|Postseason
|-
! Won !! Lost !! Ties !! Win % !! Finish !! Won !! Lost !! Win % !! Result
|-
! [[1989 Los Angeles Raiders season|RAI]] || [[1989 NFL season|1989]]
| 7 || 5 || 0 || .583 || 3rd in AFC West || — || — || — || —
|- style="background:#fdd;"
! [[1990 Los Angeles Raiders season|RAI]] || [[1990 NFL season|1990]]
| 12 || 4 || 0 || .750 || '''1st in AFC West''' || 1 || 1 || .500 || <Small>'''Lost to [[Buffalo Bills]] in [[1990–91 NFL playoffs|AFC Championship Game]]'''</Small>
|- style="background:#fdd;"
! [[1991 Los Angeles Raiders season|RAI]] || [[1991 NFL season|1991]]
| 9 || 7 || 0 || .563 || '''3rd in AFC West''' || 0 || 1 || .000 || <Small>'''Lost to [[Kansas City Chiefs]] in [[1991–92 NFL playoffs|AFC wild card game]]'''</Small>
|-
! [[1992 Los Angeles Raiders season|RAI]] || [[1992 NFL season|1992]]
| 7 || 9 || 0 || .438 || 4th in AFC West || — || — || — || —
|- style="background:#fdd;"
! [[1993 Los Angeles Raiders season|RAI]] || [[1993 NFL season|1993]]
| 10 || 6 || 0 || .625 || '''2nd in AFC West''' || 1 || 1 || .500 || <Small>'''Lost to [[Buffalo Bills]] in [[1993–94 NFL playoffs|AFC Divisional Game]]'''</Small>
|-
! [[1994 Los Angeles Raiders season|RAI]] || [[1994 NFL season|1994]]
| 9 || 7 || 0 || .563 || 3rd in AFC West || — || — || — || —
|-
! [[2006 Oakland Raiders season|OAK]] || [[2006 NFL season|2006]]
| 2 || 14 || 0 || .125 || 4th in AFC West || — || — || — || —
|-
! colspan="2"|Total<ref>[https://www.pro-football-reference.com/coaches/ShelAr0.htm Art Shell NFL Record, Statistics, and Category Ranks - Pro-Football-Reference.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> || 56 || 52 || 0 || .518 || || 2 || 3 || .400 ||
|}

==Personal life==
Shell is the father of Billie Dureyea Shell, the author of the ''Unfaithful'' book trilogy, and the great-uncle of [[Brandon Shell]], an offensive lineman who was drafted in 2016 by the [[New York Jets]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newyorkjets.com/news/article-randylangefb/Jets-Trade-Up-Take-T-Brandon-Shell-in-Round-5/bd5a5107-7a3e-4771-9fc6-9b9793a72ca4|title=Jets Trade Up, Take T Brandon Shell in Round 5|website=www.newyorkjets.com|access-date=April 30, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

==See also==
* [[List of American Football League players]]
* [[Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Footballstats|nfl=Art-Shell
|espn=|cbs=|yahoo=|si=|pfr=S/ShelAr00}}
* {{Profootballhof|id=193|name=Art Shell}}
* {{cfbhof|id=2349|name=Art Shell}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Shell, Art}}
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:African-American coaches of American football]]
[[Category:American Conference Pro Bowl players]]
[[Category:American Football League All-Star players]]
[[Category:American Football League players]]
[[Category:American football offensive tackles]]
[[Category:Atlanta Falcons coaches]]
[[Category:College Football Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Kansas City Chiefs coaches]]
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[[Category:Los Angeles Raiders head coaches]]
[[Category:Los Angeles Raiders players]]
[[Category:Maryland Eastern Shore Hawks football players]]
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[[Category:People from North Charleston, South Carolina]]
[[Category:Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Players of American football from Charleston, South Carolina]]
[[Category:21st-century African-American sportsmen]]
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