Editing Asbest

{{Short description|Town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia}}
{{Expand Russian|topic=geo|date=January 2024}}{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
| en_name                 = Asbest
| ru_name                 = Асбест
| loc_name1               = 
| loc_lang1               = 
| loc_name2               = 
| loc_lang2               = 
| loc_name3               = 
| loc_lang3               = 
| loc_name4               = 
| loc_lang4               = 
| other_name              = 
| other_lang              = 
| image_skyline           = Asbest - My town and destiny.jpg
| image_caption           = Welcome sign at the entrance to Asbest, saying "Asbest is my town and destiny"
| image_map               = 
| map_caption             = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|57|00|N|61|28|E|display=inline,title}}
| image_flag              = Flag of Asbest (Sverdlovsk oblast).png
| flag_caption            = 
| image_coa               = Coat of Arms of Asbest (Sverdlovsk oblast).png
| coa_caption             = 
| anthem                  = 
| anthem_ref              = 
| holiday                 = 
| holiday_ref             = 
<!-- administrative status -->
| federal_subject         = [[Sverdlovsk Oblast]]
| federal_subject_ref     = <ref name="OKATO" />
| adm_district_jur        = 
| adm_district_jur_ref    = 
| adm_inhabloc_jur        = [[City of federal subject significance|Town]] of Asbest
| adm_inhabloc_jur_ref    = <ref name="OKATO" />
| adm_citydistrict_type   = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur       = 
| adm_selsoviet_type      = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur_ref   = 
| capital_of              = 
| capital_of_ref          = 
| adm_ctr_of1             = Town of Asbest
| adm_ctr_of1_ref         = 
| adm_ctr_of2             = 
| adm_ctr_of2_ref         = 
| inhabloc_cat            = Town
| inhabloc_cat_ref        = <ref name="OKATO" />
| inhabloc_type           = 
| inhabloc_type_ref       = 
<!-- municipal status -->
| mun_district_jur        = 
| mun_district_jur_ref    = 
| urban_okrug_jur         = Asbestovsky Urban Okrug
| urban_okrug_jur_ref     = <ref name="SverdlovskO_mun" />
| urban_settlement_jur    = 
| urban_settlement_jur_ref = 
| rural_settlement_jur    = 
| rural_settlement_jur_ref = 
| inter_settlement_territory = 
| inter_settlement_territory_ref = 
| mun_admctr_of1          = Asbestovsky Urban Okrug 
| mun_admctr_of1_ref      = <ref name="SverdlovskO_mun" /> 
| mun_admctr_of2          = 
| mun_admctr_of2_ref      = 
| leader_title            = 
| leader_title_ref        = 
| leader_name             = 
| leader_name_ref         = 
| representative_body     = 
| representative_body_ref = 
<!-- statistics -->
| elevation_m             = 
| area_km2                = 
| area_km2_ref            = 
| pop_2010census          = 68893
| pop_2010census_rank     = 
| pop_2010census_ref      = <ref name="2010Census" />
| pop_density             = 
| pop_latest              = 
| pop_latest_date         = 
| pop_latest_ref          = 
| population_demonym      = 
<!-- history -->
| established_date        = 1889
| established_title       = 
| established_date_ref    = 
| current_cat_date        = 1933
| current_cat_date_ref    = 
| abolished_date          = 
| abolished_date_ref      = 
<!-- misc -->
| postal_codes            = 624260
| postal_codes_ref        = 
| dialing_codes           = 34365
| dialing_codes_ref       = 
| website                 = 
}}
'''Asbest''' ({{langx|ru|Асбе́ст}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] in [[Sverdlovsk Oblast]], [[Russia]], located on the [[Bolshoy Reft River]] (right [[tributary]] of the [[Pyshma River|Pyshma]]) on the eastern slopes of the [[Ural Mountains]], {{convert|70|km|sp=us}} northeast of [[Yekaterinburg]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=68,893|p2002=76,328|p1989=84,470}} It was previously known as ''Kudelka'' ([[Sliver (textiles)|Sliver]]) (until 1928).

==Etymology==
The town is named for its [[asbestos]] industry.

==History==
It was founded in 1889 as '''Kudelka''' ({{lang|ru|Куделька}}).{{citation needed|date=November 2010}}<ref>{{Cite book|title=Асбест. Куделька. Копи.|last=Kopyrin|first=Alexander Leonidovich|year=2012|isbn=978-5-9903980-1-6|location=Asbest}}</ref> It was given its present name in 1928 and granted town status in 1933.{{citation needed|date=November 2010}}

==Administrative and municipal status==
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of the administrative divisions]], it is, together with the [[urban-type settlement|work settlements]] of [[Malysheva, Sverdlovsk Oblast|Malysheva]] and [[Reftinsky]] and five [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural localities]], incorporated as the '''[[City of federal subject significance|Town]] of Asbest'''<ref name="OKATO">{{OKATO reference|65 409}}</ref>—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Sverdlovsk Oblast|districts]].<ref name="SverdlovskO_adm">Law #30-OZ</ref>

As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], Asbest and two rural localities are incorporated as '''Asbestovsky Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="SverdlovskO_mun">Law #85-OZ</ref> The urban-type settlement of Malysheva, together with three other rural localities, is incorporated separately as Malyshevsky Urban Okrug, and the urban-type settlement of Reftinsky is incorporated separately as Reftinsky Urban Okrug.<ref name="SverdlovskO_mun" />

==Economy==
Today's Asbest is a large industrial center. [[Joint-stock company]] [[Uralasbest]] is the main industrial enterprise. The [[chrysotile]] (asbestos) mine adjacent to the town is the subject of published, peer-reviewed scientific investigations about its detrimental health impact on the local population, and is said to be the world's largest.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Antti|last1=Tossavainen|first2=Evgeny|last2=Kovalevsky|first3=Esa|last4=Vanhala|first5=Timo|last5=Tuomi|title=Pulmonary mineral fibers after occupational and environmental exposure to asbestos in the Russian chrysotile industry|journal=American Journal of Industrial Medicine|volume=37|issue=4|pages=327–333|year=2000|pmid=10706743|doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(200004)37:4<327::AID-AJIM1>3.0.CO;2-1|last3=Vanhala|first4=Timo|doi-access=free}}</ref> The adjacent [[open-pit]] Uralasbest mine is said to be "seven miles (11 km) long and 1 to 1.5 miles (2.5 km) wide, (and) it is nearly half the size of [[Manhattan]]&nbsp;— and more than a thousand feet (300 meters) deep".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/dangers-dust/russia-worlds-asbestos-behemoth/ |first=Roman|last=Shleynov|date=July 20, 2010|title=The World's Asbestos Behemoth|publisher=[[The Center for Public Integrity]]}}</ref>

Other factories include ''UralATI'', ''Zarechny'', ''Asbostroy'', ''Asbestovskaya'' poultry processing plant, and a ferroconcrete production factory. [[Asbestos]], [[brick]]s, [[porcelain]], furniture, metal constructions, and other products are produced in Asbest.{{citation needed|date=November 2010}}

==Education and recreation==
The town is home to the [[Uralasbest stadium|''Uralasbest'' stadium]], which seats ten thousand people. Educational facilities include music schools, a school of art, an Olympic school, an institute of science and research, professional schools, and colleges of mining and economics. There are two museums: a geological museum and a museum of local lore.{{citation needed|date=November 2010}}

==History==
Walter Arnold Rukeyser, an electrical engineer with extensive experience with asbestos in Quebec, worked in Asbest in 1929, and again in 1930. His memoir of his times there, "''Working for the Soviets ; an American engineer in Russia,''" was published in 1932 and reprinted in 1952.

Following [[World War II]], the Soviet Union operated the [[prisoner-of-war camp]]s 84 and 314 near Asbest. In addition, from May 1950 until April 1953, up to 7700 inmates were imprisoned in the [[List of Gulag camps|Bazhenovsky ITL]] [[gulag]]. Inmates had to work for the local [[Asbestos|asbestos industry]]; more than 15,000 died due to the conditions, including asbestos-related diseases and lack of clean water.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|sve|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|sve|mun|list}}
*Kopyrin, Alexander Leonidovich (2012): Асбест. Куделька. Копи. {{ISBN|978-5-9903980-1-6}}

==External links==
*[http://asbestadm.ru/ Official website of Asbest] {{in lang|ru}}
*[https://asbest.jsprav.ru/ Directory of organizations in Asbest] {{in lang|ru}}

{{Sverdlovsk Oblast}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2012}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Sverdlovsk Oblast]]