Editing Asplenium

{{Short description|Genus of ferns in the family Aspleniaceae}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Asplenium trichomanes subsp quadrivalens.jpg
| image_caption = Maidenhair spleenwort (''[[Asplenium trichomanes]]'' ssp. ''quadrivalens'')
| taxon = Asplenium
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
| type_species = ''[[Asplenium marinum]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision = 
About 700, but see text.
| synonyms =
*''Camptosorus''
*''Ceterach''
*''Loxoscaphe'' <small>T.Moore</small>
*''Phyllitis''
*''Tarachia''
and see text
}}

'''''Asplenium''''' is a [[genus]] of about 700 [[species]] of [[fern]]s, often treated as the only genus in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Aspleniaceae]], though other authors consider ''[[Hymenasplenium]]'' separate, based on [[molecular phylogenetic]] analysis of [[DNA sequence]]s, a different chromosome count, and structural differences in the rhizomes. The [[type species]] for the genus is ''[[Asplenium marinum]]''.

The most common vernacular name is '''spleenworts''', applied to the more "typical" species. ''[[Asplenium nidus|A. nidus]]'' and several similar species are called '''[[bird's-nest fern]]s''', the ''Camptosorus'' group is known as '''[[walking fern]]s''', and distinct names are applied to some other particularly well-known species.

== Etymology ==
From [[Neo-Latin|New Latin]] ''asplenium'' (“spleenworts”), [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]'s adjustment of [[Latin]] ''asplenon'' (“spleenwort”), from [[Ancient Greek]] ἄσπληνον (''ásplēnon'', “spleenwort”), from ἀ- (''a-'', “un-”) + σπλήν (''splḗn'', “spleen”) + -ον (''-on'', “-um”), from its use to cure anthrax in livestock.<ref>{{Citation |title=Asplenium |date=2024-11-08 |work=Wiktionary, the free dictionary |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Asplenium |access-date=2025-01-30 |language=en}}</ref>

==Taxonomy and genetics==
Many groups of species have been separated from ''Asplenium'' as [[Segregate (taxonomy)|segregate]] genera. These include ''Camptosorus'', ''Ceterach'', ''Phyllitis'', and ''Tarachia'', but these species can form [[hybrid (biology)|hybrid]]s with other ''Asplenium'' species and because of this are usually included in a more broadly defined ''Asplenium''.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Schneider | first1=Harald | last2=Russell | first2=Steve J. | last3=Cox | first3=Cymon J. | last4=Bakker | first4=Freek | last5=Henderson | first5=Sally | last6=Rumsey | first6=Fred | last7=Barrett | first7=John | last8=Gibby | first8=Mary|author-link8=Mary Gibby| last9=Vogel | first9=Johannes C. | author-link9=Johannes Vogel (botanist)  | title=Chloroplast Phylogeny of Asplenioid Ferns based on rbcL and trnL-F Spacer Sequences (Polypodiidae, Aspleniaceae) and its Implications for Biogeography | journal=[[Systematic Botany]] | volume=29 | issue=2 | year=2004 | pages=260–274 | doi=10.1600/036364404774195476 | bibcode=2004SysBo..29..260S | s2cid=85868809 | ref = {{harvid|Schneider et al.|2004}}}}</ref>

Some of the older classifications elevate the Aspleniaceae to the [[taxonomic rank]] of [[order (biology)|order]] as Aspleniales. The newer classifications place it in the subordinal group called eupolypods within the order [[Polypodiales]]. Within the eupolypods, Aspleniaceae belongs to a [[clade]] informally and provisionally known as eupolypods II.

It has been found that in some species, the [[chloroplast]] [[plastome|genome]] has [[Introduction to evolution|evolved]] in complex and highly unusual ways. This makes standard [[cladistic]] analyses unsuited to resolve the [[phylogeny]] of that particular group of ferns, and even very sophisticated [[computational phylogenetics]] methods yield little information. In addition to hybridization running rampant in parts of this genus, there are also some species like the [[mother spleenwort]] (''A. bulbiferum'') or ''[[Asplenium viviparum|A. viviparum]]'' which mainly [[asexual reproduction|reproduce asexually]], essentially [[cloning]] themselves over and over again. While most are [[diploid]] or [[tetraploid]], some species (e.g. ''[[Asplenium shuttleworthianum|A. shuttleworthianum]]'') are octoploid.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Lara D. Shepherd, Barbara R. Holland & Leon R. Perrie |year=2008 |title=Conflict amongst chloroplast DNA sequences obscures the phylogeny of a group of ''Asplenium'' ferns |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=176–187 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2008.02.023 |pmid=18462954|bibcode=2008MolPE..48..176S }}</ref>

==Uses==
Both the scientific name and the common name "spleenwort" are derived from an old belief, based on the [[doctrine of signatures]], that the fern was useful for ailments of the [[spleen]],<ref name=GL>{{cite book |author1=Bill Neal |title=Gardener's Latin |date=1992 |publisher=[[Robert Hale (publishers)|Robert Hale]] |location=London |isbn=0709051069 |page=12}}</ref> due to the spleen-shaped [[sorus|sori]] on the backs of the [[frond]]s. "-wort" is an ancient English term that simply means "[[plant]]" (compare [[German (language)|German]] ''-wurz''). The plants were thought to cause [[infertility]] in women.<ref name=GL />

[[Vitruvius]] relates the story of the name thus:

<blockquote>... certain pastures in Crete, on each side of the river Pothereus, which separates the two Cretan states of Gnosus and Gortyna. There are cattle at pasture on the right and left banks of that river, but while the cattle that feed near Gnosus have the usual spleen, those on the other side near Gortyna have no perceptible spleen. On investigating the subject, physicians discovered on this side a kind of herb which the cattle chew and thus make their spleen small. The herb is therefore gathered and used as a medicine for the cure of splenetic people. The Cretans call it ἄσπληνον.
{{cite wikisource|chapter=Book I|wslink=Ten Books on Architecture|plaintitle=Ten Books on Architecture|last=|first=|year=|publisher=|page=|wspage=|scan=}} </blockquote>

A few of these ferns have some economic importance in the [[horticulture]] trade. The [[bird's-nest fern]]s (''[[Asplenium nidus|A. nidus]]'' and several very similar, closely related species) are commonly found for sale as a [[house plant]]. The Australian [[mother spleenwort]] (''A. bulbiferum'') is sometimes available at [[greenhouse]]s, and is of interest, along with the related ''[[Asplenium viviparum|A. viviparum]]'', for the many small bulblets borne on the fronds that may grow into new plants. This characteristic is also shared with the eastern North American [[walking fern]] (''A. rhizophyllum'') and several Mexican species including ''[[Asplenium palmeri|A. palmeri]]''. The [[ebony spleenwort]] ''A. platyneuron'' is also sometimes sold in nurseries as a hardy plant. However, many spleenworts are epipetric or [[Epiphyte|epiphytic]] and difficult to cultivate.

''Asplenium'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Batrachedra bedelliella]]'' which feeds exclusively on ''A. nidus''. For diseases of ''Asplenium'', see [[List of foliage plant diseases (Polypodiaceae)]].

==Selected species==
[[File:Asplenium adiantum-nigrum 141007.jpg|thumb|right|[[Black spleenwort]] (''[[Asplenium adiantum-nigrum|A. adiantum-nigrum]]'')]]
[[File:Starr 050423-6681 Asplenium aethiopicum.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Asplenium aethiopicum]]'']]
[[File:Asplenium australasicum 001.jpg|thumb|right|[[Crow's-nest fern]] (''[[Asplenium australasicum|A. australasicum]]''), one of the [[bird's-nest fern]]s]]
[[File:台灣山蘇花 台灣巢蕨 - 蓬萊溪自然生態園區 Asplenium nidus 20220827222839 01.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Asplenium nidus]]'', one of the [[bird's-nest fern]]s]]
[[File:Asplenium azoricum (Habitus).jpg|thumb|right|''[[Asplenium azoricum]]'']]
[[File:Asplenium marinum (aka).jpg|thumb|right|Sea spleenwort (''[[Asplenium marinum|A. marinum]]'')]]
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Asplenium ruta-muraria.JPG|thumb|right|[[Wall-rue]] (''[[Asplenium ruta-muraria|A. ruta-muraria]]'')]] -->
[[File:Asplenium septentrionale 070906.jpg|thumb|right|[[Forked spleenwort]] (''A. septentrionale'')]]
[[File:Asplenium-viride.jpg|thumb|right|[[Green spleenwort]] (''[[Asplenium viride|A. viride]]'')]]
[[File:Asplenium hemionitis sori.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Asplenium hemionitis]]'']]
* ''[[Asplenium adiantum-nigrum]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small> – [[black spleenwort]] (= ''A. lucidum'' <small>Burm.f.</small>)<!-- BiolConserv137:248. -->
** ''Asplenium adiantum-nigrum'' ssp. ''adiantum-nigrum''
** ''Asplenium adiantum-nigrum'' ssp. ''serpentini'' <small>(Tausch) Koch</small>
* ''[[Asplenium adulterinum]]'' <small>Milde</small> – [[ladder spleenwort]]
* ''[[Asplenium aequibasis]]'' <small>([[C.Chr.]]) J.P.Roux</small>
* ''[[Asplenium aethiopicum]]'' <small>([[Burm.f.]]) Bech.</small>
* ''[[Asplenium africanum]]'' 
* ''[[Asplenium × alternifolium]]'' <small>Wulf.</small>
* ''[[Asplenium anceps]]'' <small>[Lowe ex Hook. et Grev. Page (1971)]</small>
* ''[[Asplenium angustum]]'' <small>Sw.</small><!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium antiquum]]'' <small>Makino</small><!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. "antiguum" is lapsus. -->
* ''[[Asplenium arcanum]]'' <small>A.R.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Asplenium ascensionis]]'' <small>S.Watson</small>
* ''[[Asplenium attenuatum]]'' <small>[[Sw.]]</small>
* ''[[Asplenium aureum]]'' (sometimes in ''Ceterach'')
* ''[[Asplenium auritum]]'' <small>R.Br.</small>
* ''[[Asplenium australasicum]]'' <small>(J.Sm.) Hook.</small> – [[crow's-nest fern]]<!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
** ''Asplenium australasicum'' f. ''australasicum''
** ''Asplenium australasicum'' f. ''robinsonii''
* ''[[Asplenium azoricum]]'' <small>Lovis, Rasbach & Reichst.</small>
* ''[[Asplenium bifrons]]'' <small>[[Sodiro]]</small>
* ''[[Asplenium billottii]]'' – [[lanceolate spleenwort]]<!-- BiolConserv137:248. -->
* ''[[Asplenium bipinnatifidum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium brachycarpum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium bradleyi]]''
* ''[[Asplenium bulbiferum]]'' – [[mother spleenwort]], hen and chickens fern, ''mouku'' ([[Māori language|Māori]])
* ''[[Asplenium carnarvonense]]'' - <small>Brownsey</small>
* ''[[Asplenium caudatum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium ceterach]]'' – [[rustyback fern]] (sometimes in ''Ceterach'')
* ''[[Asplenium chathamense]]'' <small>Brownsey</small>
* ''[[Asplenium chihuahuense]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Asplenium compressum]]'' <small>Sw.</small>
* ''[[Asplenium congestum]]'' <small>C.Chr.</small>
* ''[[Asplenium corderoanum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium crinicaule]]''
* ''[[Asplenium cristatum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium cuneifolium]]'' <small>Viv.</small> (= ''A. forsteri'' <small>''auct. non'' Sadl.</small>) – [[serpentine spleenwort]]
* ''[[Asplenium cymbifolium]]''
* ''[[Asplenium daghestanicum]]'' <small>H.Christ</small> – Dagestanian spleenwort
* ''[[Asplenium dalhousiae]]'' (sometimes in ''Ceterach'')
* ''[[Asplenium dareoides]]''
* ''[[Asplenium daucifolium]]'' <small>[[Lam.]]</small> – [[Mauritius spleenwort]]
* ''[[Asplenium difforme]]'' <small>R.Br.</small><!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium fissum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium dimorphum]]'' <small>[[Kunze]]</small> – [[Norfolk Island Spleenwort]]
* ''[[Asplenium divaricatum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium dregeanum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium × ebenoides]]'' <small>R.R.Scott</small>
* ''[[Asplenium ecuadorense]]'' <small>Stolze</small>
* ''[[Asplenium feei]]'' <small>Kunze ex Fée</small><!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium fissum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium flabellifolium]]'' <small>[[Cav.]]</small> – [[Asplenium flabellifolium|necklace fern]]
* ''[[Asplenium flaccidum]]'' <small>G.Forst.</small> – [[weeping spleenwort]], [[hanging spleenwort]]<!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium fontanum]]'' <small>(L.) Bernh.</small> – [[smooth rock spleenwort]]
* ''[[Asplenium forisiense]]'' – [[rock spleenwort]]<!-- "foriziense" is lapsus. BiolConserv137:248. -->
* ''[[Asplenium formosum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium gemmiferum]]'' <small>Schrad.</small><!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium × germanicum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium gueinzii]]'' <small>Mett.</small>
* ''[[Asplenium goudeyi]]'' Lord Howe Island
*''[[Asplenium haughtonii]]'' – Barn Fern
* ''[[Asplenium hemionitis]]''
* ''[[Asplenium hermannii-christii]]'' <small>Fomin</small> – Hermann Christ's asplenium
* ''[[Asplenium hookerianum]]'' <small>Colenso</small><!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium hybridum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium incisum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium × jacksonii]]'' <small>[[Arthur Hugh Garfit Alston|Alston]]</small> – Jackson's spleenwort (sterile, triploid hybrid between ''[[Asplenium adiantum-nigrum]]'' and ''[[Asplenium scolopendrium]]'')<ref>{{cite book|last1=Murphy|first1=Rosaline J|title=Ferns, Clubmosses, Quillworts and Horsetails of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly|year=2012|publisher=ERCCIS|location=Truro|isbn=978-1-902864-07-5|last2=Page |first2=Cristopher N |last3=Parslow |first3=Rosemary E |last4=Bennallick |first4=Ian J}}</ref> 
* ''[[Asplenium × kenzoi]]'' - oni-hinokishida,<ref>{{GRIN | ''Asplenium'' × ''kenzoi'' | 415751 | access-date = December 15, 2017}}</ref> cultivated in Japan<ref>{{cite journal |author1=N. Murakami |author2=S. Nogami |author3=M. Watanabe |author4=K. Iwatsuki |year=1999 |title=Phylogeny of Aspleniaceae inferred from rbcL nucleotide sequences |journal=American Fern Journal |volume=89 |issue=4 |pages=232–243 |doi=10.2307/1547233|jstor=1547233 |bibcode=1999AmFJ...89..232M |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/230704 }}</ref>
* ''[[Asplenium komarovii]]'' - <small>Akasawa</small><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77186446-1|title=Asplenium komarovii Akasawa &#124; Plants of the World Online &#124; Kew Science}}</ref>
* ''[[Asplenium laciniatum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium lamprophyllum]]'' <small>Carse</small><!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium laserpitiifolium]]'' – [[Johnston River fern]]
* ''[[Asplenium lepidum]]'' <small>C.Presl</small>
* ''[[Asplenium listeri]]'' – [[Christmas Island spleenwort]]
* ''[[Asplenium longissimum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium lucidum]]''<!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium lunulatum]]'' – [[Hen-and-chicks]]
* ''[[Asplenium lyallii]]''
* ''[[Asplenium macedonicum]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://enrin.grida.no/biodiv/biodiv/national/fyrom/b7.htm|title=The list of plant and animal species for which the status of natural rarities was established|access-date=August 26, 2010|archive-date=August 7, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807054919/http://enrin.grida.no/biodiv/biodiv/national/fyrom/b7.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''[[Asplenium majoricum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium marinum]]'' – sea spleenwort
* ''[[Asplenium × microdon]]'' <small>T Moore</small> – Moore's spleenwort (hybrid between ''Asplenium scolopendrium'' and ''Asplenium obovatum'' subsp ''lanceolatum'')
* ''[[Asplenium milnei]]'' <small>Carruth</small><!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium montanum]]'' – [[mountain spleenwort]]
* ''[[Asplenium musifolium]]''
* ''[[Asplenium nidus]]'' – bird's-nest fern
* ''[[Asplenium normale]]''
* ''[[Asplenium obliquum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium oblongifolium]]'' <small>Colenso</small> – [[shining spleenwort]] (= ''A. lucidum'' <small>''auct. non'' Burm.f., ''sensu'' G.Forst.</small>)<!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. The synonym "A. lucidum" applies to this species and A. oligolepidum. -->
* ''[[Asplenium obovatum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium obtusatum]]'' <small>G.Forst.</small><!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
** ''Asplenium obtusatum'' ssp. ''northlandicum'' <small>(Brownsey) Ogle</small> (possibly distinct species)<!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
** ''Asplenium obtusatum'' 'Chile' (possibly distinct species, sometimes included in ''A. obliquum'')<!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium oligolepidum]]'' <small>C.Chr.</small> (= ''A. lucidum'' <small>''auct. non'' Burm.f., ''sensu'' G.Forst.</small>)<!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. The synonym "A. lucidum" applies to this species and A. oblongifolium. -->
* ''[[Asplenium oligophlebium]]''
* ''[[Asplenium onopteris]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small> – [[western black spleenwort]], [[Irish spleenwort]] (sometimes included in ''A. adiantum-nigrum'')
* ''[[Asplenium pacificum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium paleaceum]]'' <small>R.Br.</small> – [[chaffy spleenwort]]
* ''[[Asplenium palmeri]]''
* ''[[Asplenium parvum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium petrarchae]]''
* ''[[Asplenium pinnatifidum]]'' – [[lobed spleenwort]]
* ''[[Asplenium planicaule]]''
* ''[[Asplenium platybasis]]'' <small>Kunze ex Mett.</small>
* ''[[Asplenium platyneuron]]'' – [[ebony spleenwort]]
* ''[[Asplenium polyodon]]'' <small>G.Forst.</small> – [[sickle spleenwort]]<!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium praemorsum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium prolongatum]]'' <small>Hook.</small><!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium pteridoides]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Asplenium resiliens]]'' – [[black-stemmed spleenwort]]
* ''[[Asplenium rhizophyllum]]'' – [[American walking fern]] (sometimes in ''Camptosorus'')
* ''[[Asplenium richardii]]''
* ''[[Asplenium ruprechtii]]'' – [[Asian walking fern]] (sometimes in ''Camptosorus'')
* ''[[Asplenium ruta-muraria]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small> – [[wall-rue]]
* ''[[Asplenium rutifolium]]''
* ''[[Asplenium sagittatum]]'' – [[Mule's spleenwort]] (sometimes in ''Phyllitis'')
* ''[[Asplenium sandersonii]]'' <small>Hook.</small><!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium × sarniense]]'' <small>Sleep</small> Guernsey Spleenwort
* ''[[Asplenium schizotrichum]]'' <small>Copel.</small>
* ''[[Asplenium schweinfurthii]]''
* ''[[Asplenium scleroprium]]''
* ''[[Asplenium scolopendrium]]'' – [[hart's-tongue fern]] (sometimes in ''Phyllitis'')
** ''Asplenium scolopendrium'' var. ''americanum'' – American Hart's-tongue
* ''[[Asplenium seelosii]]''
* ''[[Asplenium septentrionale]]'' – [[forked spleenwort]], northern spleenwort
* ''[[Asplenium septentrionale × trichomanes]]'' <small>Wulf.</small>
* ''[[Asplenium serra]]''
* ''[[Asplenium serratum]]'' – [[wild bird's-nest fern]]
* ''[[Asplenium sessilifolium]]''
* ''[[Asplenium shuttleworthianum]]'' <small>Kunze</small><!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium simplicifrons]]'' <small>F.Muell.</small><!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium splendens]]''
* ''[[Asplenium surrogatum]]'' <small>P.S.Green</small><!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium tenerum]]'' <small>G.Forst.</small><!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium terrestre]]''
* ''[[Asplenium theciferum]]'' <small>(Kunth) Mett.</small><!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium thunbergii]]''
* ''[[Asplenium trichomanes]]'' – [[maidenhair spleenwort]]
** ''Asplenium trichomanes'' ssp. ''quadrivalens'' <small>D.E. Meyer</small>
** ''Asplenium trichomanes'' ssp. ''trichomanes''
** [[Asplenium trichomanes subsp. coriaceifolium|''Asplenium trichomanes'' subsp. ''coriaceifolium'']]
* ''[[Asplenium trilobum]] ''<small>Cav.</small>
* ''[[Asplenium tutwilerae]]'' <small>B.R.Keener & L.J.Davenport</small>
* ''[[Asplenium unisorum]]'' <small>(Wagner) Viane</small>
* ''[[Asplenium vespertinum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium vieillardii]]'' <small>Mett.</small><!-- MolPhylogenetEvol48:176. -->
* ''[[Asplenium virens]]''
* ''[[Asplenium viride]]'' – [[green spleenwort]]
* ''[[Asplenium vittiforme]]''
* ''[[Asplenium viviparum]]''
* ''[[Asplenium yoshinagae]]'' <small>Makino</small>

==See also==
* [[Mount Asplenium]]
* ''[[Phyllocladus aspleniifolius]]'' (Celery-top Pine, a [[conifer]] with ''Asplenium''-like leaves)
*[[Asplenium hybrids|''Asplenium'' hybrids]]

==References==
{{Commons category|Asplenium|<br />Asplenium}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5347305}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Asplenium| ]]
[[Category:Epiphytes]]
[[Category:Fern genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]