Editing Audio commentary

{{Short description|Additional audio track that plays in real time with a video}}
{{About|commentary provided on a separate audio track|the comedy TV series|Directors Commentary}}
{{for|[[visually impaired people]]|Audio description}}
{{for|[[museum]]s, [[art galleries]], etc.|Audio tour}}
{{bots|deny=Citation bot}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
An '''audio commentary''' is an additional audio track, usually digital, consisting of a lecture or comments by one or more speakers, that plays in real time with a video. Commentaries can be serious or entertaining in nature, and can add information which otherwise would not be disclosed to audience members.

== History ==
The [[Criterion Collection]] introduced audio commentary on the [[LaserDisc]] format, which was able to accommodate multiple [[Track (optical disc)|audio tracks]]. The first commentary track, for the 1933 film ''[[King Kong (1933 film)|King Kong]]'', was recorded by [[Ronald Haver]], a curator at the [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]], and was inspired by the stories Haver told while supervising the [[Telecine|film-to-video transfer]] process.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hunt |first1=Joshua |title=Sure, It Won an Oscar. But Is It Criterion? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/29/magazine/criterion-collection.html |website=[[The New York Times Magazine]]|date=29 February 2024 |access-date=1 March 2024}}</ref> Criterion expected that the commentary would only be of interest to serious film students.{{sfn|Barlow|2005|page=110}} It received a favorable reaction, and his commentary on ''King Kong'' is considered to ultimately have started the trend.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kennedy|first=Lisa|url=https://www.denverpost.com/2005/08/24/if-dvd-killed-the-film-star-criterion-honors-the-ghost/ |title=If DVD killed the film star, Criterion honors the ghost |date=24 August 2005 |website=[[The Denver Post]]|access-date=11 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="pratt"/><ref name="cinjournal"/> Haver went on to provide commentaries for Criterion for the rest of his life.{{sfn|Barlow|2005|page=110}}

Excerpt of Haver's commentary for ''King Kong'':

{{Blockquote|Hello, ladies and gentlemen, I'm Ronald Haver, and I'm here to do something which we feel is rather unique. I'm going to take you on a lecture tour of ''King Kong'' as you watch the film. The laserdisc technology offers us this opportunity and we feel it's rather unique — the ability to switch back and forth between the soundtrack and this lecture track.<ref name="crooked"/>}}

== DVD and Blu-ray audio commentaries ==
DVDs, Blu-rays, and 4K Ultra HD Blu-rays have made audio commentary a key component of special features. They often include commentary from cinematographers, screenwriters, actors, producers, directors, film historians, film critics and subject matter experts.<ref name="pratt"/><ref name="cinjournal"/>
For example, American cinematographer [[Garrett Brown]], the inventor of the [[steadicam]], is featured throughout the audio commentary track for ''[[The Shining (film)|The Shining]]'', where he discusses his work with the ground-breaking technology.<ref name="indiewire"/><ref name="palmer"/> The DVD of the science-fiction movie ''[[Sunshine (2007 film)|Sunshine]]'', directed by [[Danny Boyle]], contains an audio track with English [[physicist]] and [[professor]] of [[particle physics]] [[Brian Cox (physicist)|Brian Cox]].<ref name="sunshine"/> In the cast commentary for ''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]'', former F.B.I. [[Offender profiling|criminal profiler]] [[John E. Douglas|John Douglas]], an advisor to the filmmakers, offers his anecdotes about the film.<ref name="silenceoflambs"/>

The box set of ''[[The Ultimate Matrix Collection]]'', has two audio commentaries on each film, one by philosophers who loved it; Dr. [[Cornel West]] and [[Ken Wilber]], and one by critics who hated it; [[Todd McCarthy]], [[John Powers (journalist)|John Powers]] and [[David Thomson (film critic)|David Thomson]].<ref name="matrix"/> The DVD release of ''[[Ghostbusters]]'' contains a video commentary track with director [[Ivan Reitman]], [[Harold Ramis]], and [[Joe Medjuck]], with silhouettes of the trio added to imitate ''[[Mystery Science Theater 3000]]''.<ref name="ghostbusters"/> The Blu-ray edition of the film ''[[Galaxy Quest]]'' includes a tongue-in-cheek trivia commentary called "Galactopedia", by American graphic designer [[Michael Okuda]], known for his work on ''[[Star Trek]]'', and [[Denise Okuda]], co-author of the ''[[Star Trek Encyclopedia]]''.<ref name="galaxy"/>

On the DVD release of ''[[Bowling for Columbine]]'', [[Michael Moore]] allowed his [[intern]]s, [[secretary]] and production assistants to record the audio commentary for his documentary.<ref name="bowling"/> In the commentary for ''[[True Romance]]'', [[Quentin Tarantino]], who wrote the film script, explains why he didn’t direct the movie himself, and the inspiration behind him writing the script.<ref name="tasteofcinema"/> For ''[[The Goonies]]'' audio track, many of the original cast members, [[Sean Astin]], [[Josh Brolin]], [[Corey Feldman]] and [[Martha Plimpton]], along with director [[Richard Donner]], reunited and watched the film together, offering their opinions on the classic comedy film.<ref name="tasteofcinema"/>

===Film directors commentary===
Film directors can also provide their perspective into how a film is made. In his commentary for the 1970 film ''[[M*A*S*H (film)|M*A*S*H]]'', director [[Robert Altman]] gives background information on production and on the way the script was used and misused. He also comments on problems he had with the studio in relation to the connection with the [[Vietnam War]].{{sfn|Barlow|2005|page=112}} Director [[Mel Brooks]] discusses in his audio commentary for ''[[Young Frankenstein]]'' how the movie was turned down by Columbia Pictures because its 2 million dollar budget was too high. He also points out the homages in his film, in relation to the history of Frankenstein movies.{{sfn|Barlow|2005|page=112}}

Director [[Oliver Stone]] in his audio commentary for ''[[Wall Street (1987 film)|Wall Street]]'', explains how his family influenced the making of the film, and speaks candidly about the actors, mildly criticizing them, particularly [[Charlie Sheen]].{{sfn|Barlow|2005|page=112}} In his commentary for the 2003 film ''[[Shattered Glass (film)|Shattered Glass]]'', director [[Billy Ray (screenwriter)|Billy Ray]] is joined by ''[[The New Republic|New Republic]]'' editor Chuck Long, who explains the differences between the film and the actual event. Ray, in his directorial debut, also admits his lack of experience, and how he relied on more experienced members of his production crew.{{sfn|Barlow|2005|page=113}}

Director [[Francis Ford Coppola]] in his audio commentary about his epic film ''[[The Godfather]]'', recounts how the original title of the film was supposed to be "[[Mario Puzo]]'s The Godfather", but that "no one remembers it that way",{{sfn|Barlow|2005|page=119}} and in the 2007 DVD release of ''[[Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse|Hearts of Darkness]]'', a [[documentary film|documentary]] about the production of ''[[Apocalypse Now]],'' Coppola explains why it's not a good idea to film a movie in the Amazon jungle. He also talks about a scene in the film where [[Martin Sheen]] was drunk and cut his hand, and relays how the opening shot with a huge explosion in the jungle was completely unintentional.<ref name="tasteofcinema"/>

=== Film historians and critics ===
[[History of film|Film historians]] are frequent contributors of audio commentary, including: [[Tim Lucas]] who has recorded numerous audio commentaries since his first, for [[Mario Bava]]'s ''[[Black Sunday (1960 film)|Black Sunday]]'';<ref name="lucas"/> [[Peter Cowie]] has provided commentaries for numerous DVDs of [[Ingmar Bergman]]'s films, including ''[[Wild Strawberries (film)|Wild Strawberries]]'', written and directed by Bergman;<ref name="pratt"/> [[Donald Richie]] has recorded commentary tracks for many [[Cinema of Japan|Japanese films]];<ref name="pratt"/> and respected historian [[Rudy Behlmer]], who is primarily known for his [[Rudy Behlmer#Audio commentaries|audio commentaries]] of American classic cinema, most notably ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]'', ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' and ''[[Frankenstein (1931 film)|Frankenstein]]''.<ref name="variety"/> [[John Fricke]] has recorded, or participated in, several audio commentaries for [[Judy Garland]]'s films, including ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz]]'', ''[[Babes in Arms (film)|Babes in Arms]]'', ''[[Easter Parade (film)|Easter Parade]]'', ''[[For Me and My Gal (film)|For Me and My Gal]]'', ''[[Girl Crazy (1943 film)|Girl Crazy]]'', ''[[Meet Me in St. Louis]]'', and ''[[The Pirate (1948 film)|The Pirate]]''.

[[Film criticism|Film critics]] are also frequent contributors to commentaries like: American film critic [[Roger Ebert]] who recorded DVD audio commentary tracks for many classic films, including ''[[Citizen Kane]]'' and ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]'',<ref name="techcrunch"/> and [[Richard Schickel]] who has [[Richard Schickel#DVD commentaries|provided commentary]] for ''[[Double Indemnity]]'', ''[[Strangers on a Train (film)|Strangers on a Train]]'', ''[[On the Waterfront]]'' and ''[[The Good, the Bad and the Ugly]]''.<ref name="soundvision"/> [[Leonard Maltin]] has also offered commentary on several films including, [[Marx Brothers]] ''[[A Night at the Opera (film)|A Night at the Opera]]'',{{sfn|Barlow|2005|pages=122-123}} and ''[[Harold Lloyd|The Harold Lloyd Comedy Collection]]'' (volume 2).<ref name="bennett"/> 

[[Hong Kong action cinema]] expert Bey Logan is a frequent commenter for [[List of Asian films|Asian films]], including ''[[Fist of Fury]]'',<ref name="macnab"/> ''[[The Banquet (2006 film)|The Banquet]]'',<ref name="oleary"/> ''[[Iron Monkey (1993 film)|Iron Monkey]]'',<ref name="trinity"/> ''[[Musa (film)|Musa]]''<ref name="musa"/> and ''[[Bullet in the Head]]''.<ref name="bullet"/><ref name="chicago"/>

[[Animation]] historian [[Jerry Beck]] has recorded dozens of audio commentaries for animation productions,<ref name="animation"/> including ''[[Sinbad the Sailor (1935 film)|Sinbad the Sailor]]''<ref name="sinbad"/> and the ''[[Looney Tunes Golden Collection]]'' series,<ref name="looney"/> and historian [[Michael Barrier (historian)|Michael Barrier]] also regularly contributes commentary to selected shorts in DVD packages, including  the ''[[Popeye]] the Sailor'' DVD series, and for the first five ''[[Looney Tunes Golden Collection]]'' [[DVD]] box sets.<ref name="looney"/>

== In-theater audio commentary ==
In-theater audio commentary is an audio track that is downloaded before going to a movie theater, and then played back on your device while watching the film. American director [[Kevin Smith]] was one of the first filmmakers to provide this feature with ''[[Clerks II]]''.<ref name="clerks2"/><ref name="nymag"/> [[Rian Johnson]] provided in-theater commentary for ''[[The Brothers Bloom]]'', ''[[Looper (film)|Looper]]'' and ''[[Knives Out (film)|Knives Out]]''.<ref name="collider"/><ref name="wired"/> [[John August]] also used in-theater commentary for ''[[The Nines]]''.<ref name="nines"/>

==Television series==
When complete seasons of TV series are released to DVD and Blu-ray boxsets, they often include audio commentary. Older classic shows like ''[[The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]''<ref name="twilight"/> ''[[The Monkees (TV series)|The Monkees]]'',<ref name="monkees"/> ''[[Night Gallery]],''<ref name="nightgallery"/> ''[[The Brady Bunch]]'',<ref name="bradybunch"/> ''[[Dennis the Menace (1959 TV series)|Dennis the Menace]]'',<ref name="dennismenace"/> ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series]]'',<ref name="startrek"/> [[Groucho Marx]]'s ''[[You Bet Your Life]]'',<ref name="betyourlife"/> ''[[The Abbott and Costello Show]]'',<ref name="abbottcostello"/> and ''[[The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour]]''<ref name="smothers"/> have all featured audio commentaries by the cast, crew members and special guest stars.

Modern classics with commentaries from the creators, writers, directors and cast include (select few): ''[[Everybody Loves Raymond]]'',<ref name="numbers"/> ''[[One Tree Hill (TV series)|One Tree Hill]]'',<ref name="numbers"/> ''[[Second City Television]]'',<ref name="numbers"/> ''[[Smallville]],''<ref name="numbers"/> ''[[The Sopranos]]'',<ref name="sopranos"/> ''[[Arrested Development]]'',<ref name="arresteddev"/> ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'',<ref name="buffy"/> ''[[Sex and the City]]'',<ref name="sexandcity"/> ''[[Will & Grace]]'',<ref name="willgrace"/> ''[[Game of Thrones]]'',<ref name="gameofthrones"/> ''[[It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia]],''<ref name="sunnyphil"/> ''[[Seinfeld]]''<ref name="seinfeld"/> and ''[[Friends]]''.<ref name="friends"/>

Animated TV series are also a genre that frequently provide audio commentaries, which include: ''[[My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic]]''<ref name="little pony"/> and [[Nickelodeon]]'s ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''.<ref name="spongebob"/> Classic cartoons include: ''[[The Flintstones]]'',<ref name="flinstones"/> ''[[The Jetsons]]'',<ref name="jetsons"/> and ''[[Tom and Jerry]]''<ref name="tomjerry"/> which have all been released with audio commentaries. Adult and cult classics with audio commentaries from creators, writers, directors and cast include: ''[[South Park]]'',<ref name="southpark"/> ''[[Beavis and Butt-Head]],''<ref name="beavis"/> ''[[Robot Chicken]]''<ref name="robotchick"/> and ''[[Aqua Teen Hunger Force]]''.<ref name="aquateen"/>

== Music videos==
On the DVD release of [[Queen (band)|Queen]]'s ''[[Greatest Video Hits 2]]'', which features music videos with audio commentary, band members [[Brian May]] and [[Roger Taylor (Queen drummer)|Roger Taylor]] reflect on their memories and opinions of each video.<ref name="popmatters"/> On the 20th Anniversary Remastered Edition of ''[[Paul's Boutique]]'', the [[Beastie Boys]] provide their insights on a downloadable hour long audio commentary, which offers "rambling" revelations into album characters like [[Paul's Boutique#Track listing|Johnny Ryall]].<ref name="beastieboys"/>

The 2000 Criterion DVD re-release of [[The Rolling Stones]] ''[[Gimme Shelter (1970 film)|Gimme Shelter]]'', a 1970 American documentary, features audio commentary from directors [[Albert and David Maysles|Albert Maysles]] and [[Charlotte Zwerin]], along with collaborator Stanley Goldstein.<ref name="culturecourt"/> The 2006 ''[[Fade to Red|Fade to Red: Tori Amos Video Collection]]'', a double DVD set, has commentary from [[Tori Amos]] on each video.<ref name="wolfjessica"/>

==Broadway plays==
The [[Godspell#2011: Broadway revival|2011 Broadway revival]] of ''[[Godspell]]'' featured a downloadable ten-part audio commentary series from composer [[Stephen Schwartz (composer)|Stephen Schwartz]] and director Daniel Goldstein, who "discuss their process and personal experiences of creating the Broadway revival".<ref name="playbill"/>

== Video games ==
Video game developers have also included audio commentaries in their games. Unlike DVD commentaries, in-game prompts are used to allow players to activate a relevant audio commentary for a specific area in the game. ''[[Star Wars Episode I: Battle for Naboo]]'' is believed to be the earliest video game with audio commentary.<ref>{{cite web |title=Game Developer Confessions: Rare Commentary Explains Whys And Hows |website=[[MTV]] |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1543168/20061016/index.jhtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327021643/http://www.mtv.com:80/news/articles/1543168/20061016/index.jhtml|archive-date=27 March 2008|url-status=dead |date=16 October 2006 |access-date=8 September 2009 |author=Totilo, Stephen}}</ref> Other select video games with commentary include: 
''[[Portal (video game)|Portal]]'',<ref name="gamer"/> ''[[Alan Wake]]'',<ref name="gamer"/> ''[[Monkey Island 2: LeChuck's Revenge|Monkey Island 2: LeChuck's Revenge Special Edition]]'',<ref name="gamer"/> ''[[Deus Ex Human Revolution]] Director's Cut'',<ref name="gamer">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Dominic |title=8 Games With Developer Commentary |url=https://www.thegamer.com/games-with-developer-commentary/ |website=TheGamer|date=6 January 2023}}</ref> ''[[Grim Fandango]] Remastered'',<ref>{{cite web |last1=Strom |first1=Steven |title=Grim Fandango Remastered is a flawed remake of a considered masterpiece |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2015/01/grim-fandango-remastered-is-a-flawed-remake-of-a-considered-masterpiece/ |website=Ars Technica |date=28 January 2015}}</ref> ''[[Day of the Tentacle]] Remastered'',<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hoss |first1=Brian |title=Day Of The Tentacle Remastered (Crossbuy) (PS4) Review  |url=https://games.highdefdigest.com/31959/day_of_the_tentacle_remastered_cross_buy_vita_ps4.html |website=High Def Digest |date=30 March 2016}}</ref> ''[[BioShock: The Collection]]'',<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ryan |first1=Jon |last2=Sanchez |first2=Miranda |title=Director's Commentary Collectibles - BioShock: The Collection Guide |url=https://www.ign.com/wikis/bioshock-the-collection/Director%27s_Commentary_Collectibles |website=IGN }}</ref> ''[[Firewatch]]'',<ref>{{cite web |last1=Webster |first1=Andrew |title=Audio commentary is a perfect excuse to replay your favorite games |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/9/21/12991786/firewatch-audio-tour-commentary-bioshock |website=The Verge |date=21 September 2016}}</ref> ''[[Duke Nukem 3D]]: 20th Anniversary World Tour'',<ref name="gamer"/> and ''[[Half-Life: Alyx]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=2020-11-12 |title=Half-Life: Alyx now has over three hours of developer commentary |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/11/12/21561398/half-life-alyx-developer-dev-commentary-audio-clips-vr-update-steam-valve |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=The Verge }}</ref>

== James Bond commentary ==
Controversy surrounded the audio commentary on Criterion's 1991 laserdisc release of the first three [[James Bond]] films, ''[[Dr. No (film)|Dr. No]]'', ''[[From Russia with Love (film)|From Russia with Love]]'' and ''[[Goldfinger (film)|Goldfinger]]''.<ref name="jamesbond"/><ref name="filmschool"/> [[Eon Productions]] notified Criterion of "185 statements in the audio commentaries which they considered to be 'inaccurate, insensitive, inflammatory or potentially libelous'".<ref name="jamesbond"/> The audio tracks featured commentary from various members of the production crews who worked on the films. Amongst the offensive commentary; they criticized the budgets for the three films, gossiped about Sean Connery's weight gain during ''From Russia with Love'', and "insinuated that several female costars were bad actors and had been cast solely for their looks".<ref name="jamesbond"/> Additionally, when English film director [[Guy Hamilton]] was commenting about ''Goldfinger'', which he directed, he referred to the fictional character [[Pussy Galore]] as a "dyke".<ref name="jamesbond"/> In response to EON’s complaints, Criterion discontinued the collection, and issued a recall of the unsold copies. The following year, they reissued the three films as single-disc versions, with all the extra features removed.<ref name="jamesbond"/>

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="abbottcostello">{{cite web |title=The Abbott and Costello Show - Season 1 |url=https://www.classicflix.com/products/the-abbott-and-costello-show-season-1 |website=ClassicFlix |quote=Commentaries on 10 episodes featuring Lou Antonicello, [[Paul Castiglia]], Ray Faiola, Stu Fink, Shane Fleming, [[Gilbert Gottfried]], [[Bob Greenberg]], [[Jim Mulholland]], Gerry Orlando, Ron Palumbo, Toby Roan, Lou Sabini, [[Frank Santopadre]], and Michael Townsend Wright.}}</ref>

<ref name="animation">{{cite web |last1=Robinson |first1=Chris |author1-link=Chris Robinson (writer) |title=I Have a Question Jerry Beck |url=https://www.awn.com/animationworld/i-have-question-jerry-beck |website=[[Animation World Network]] |date=9 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="aquateen">{{cite web |last1=Rea |first1=Darren |title=Aqua Teen Hunger Force: Volume Two - DVD review |url=http://www.sci-fi-online.com/00_revs/r2009/dvd/09-12-07_aquateen2.html |website=Sci-Fi-Online |date=12 September 2007}}</ref>

<ref name="arresteddev">{{cite web |last1=Kurp |first1=Joshua |title=Listening to the DVD Commentary for Arrested Development |url=https://www.vulture.com/2012/03/listening-to-the-dvd-commentary-for-arrested-development-ready-aim-marry-me.html |website=Vulture |date=23 March 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="beastieboys">{{cite magazine |last1=Kemp |first1=Mark |title=Beastie Boys: Paul's Boutique – 20th Anniversary Remastered Edition |magazine=[[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]] |date=19 February 2009 |via=[[Rock's Backpages]] {{subscription required}}}}</ref>

<ref name="beavis">{{cite web |last1=Jane |first1=Ian |title=Beavis and Butt-Head - The Mike Judge Collection |url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/24694/beavis-and-butt-head-the-mike-judge-collection/ |website=DVD Talk |date=24 October 2006}}</ref>

<ref name="bennett">{{cite web |last1=Bennett |first1=Carl |title=The Harold Lloyd Comedy Collection Volume 2 (1919-1930) |url=https://www.silentera.com/video/collLloydComedyColl2HV.html |website=Silent Era |date=2005}}</ref>

<ref name="betyourlife">{{cite news |last1=Hicks |first1=Chris |title=Old TV shows showing up again on DVD |url=https://www.deseret.com/2004/7/31/19842848/chris-hicks-old-tv-shows-showing-up-again-on-dvd |work=[[Deseret News]] |date=31 July 2004 }}</ref>

<ref name="bowling">{{cite news |last1=Beaks |first1=Clarence |title=Reviews: Bowling for Columbine |url=http://www.dvdjournal.com/reviews/b/bowlingforcolumbine.shtml |work=The DVD Journal |date=2003}}</ref>

<ref name="bradybunch">{{cite web |title=New on DVD: Bambi, The Phoenix, Friends and more |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/03/01/new-on-dvd-31 |website=IGN |date=1 March 2005}}</ref>

<ref name="buffy">{{cite web |last1=Gingold |first1=Michael |title=DVD Review Buffy the Vampire Slayer: The Complete Third Season |url=https://www.fangoria.com/original/buffy-season-3-dvd-review/ |website=[[Fangoria]] |date=22 February 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="bullet">{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Tony |title=John Woo's Bullet in the Head |date=1 January 2009 |publisher=[[Hong Kong University Press]] |isbn=978-962-209-968-5 |page=68 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hgoKvQm4QgwC&pg=PA68}}</ref>

<ref name="chicago">{{cite web |title=Above the Law – DVD Review|last=Sutton|first=Robert|date=17 July 2007|url=https://insidepulse.com/2007/07/17/68528/ |website=Inside Pulse}}</ref>

<ref name="cinjournal">{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40800739 |last1=Bertellini |first1=Giorgio |last2=Reich |first2=Jacqueline |title=DVD Supplements: A Commentary on Commentaries |journal=[[Cinema Journal]] |date=2010 |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=103–106 |issn=0009-7101 |oclc=02244743 |lccn=75649099 }}</ref>

<ref name="clerks2">{{cite web |last1=Sciretta |first1=Peter |title=Clerks 2 to Feature In-Theater Audio Commentary Track |url=http://www.slashfilm.com/article.php/20060518045721680 |date=18 May 2006 |access-date=23 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522031317/http://www.slashfilm.com/article.php/20060518045721680|website=/Film |archive-date=22 May 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="collider">{{cite web |last1=Gemmill |first1=Allie |title=How to Listen to Knives Out with Rian Johnson Audio Commentary in Theaters |url=https://collider.com/knives-out-rian-johnson-audio-commentary-track-details/ |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date=21 December 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="crooked">{{cite web |last1=Holm |first1=D. K. |title=The Unbearable Sadness of the Audio Commentary Track |url=https://crookedmarquee.com/the-unbearable-sadness-of-the-audio-commentary-track/ |website=Crooked Marquee |date=6 February 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="culturecourt">{{cite news |last1=McGrath |first1=Rick |title=The Maysles Brothers' Gimme Shelter (Criterion DVD) |work=Culture Court |date=June 2002|via=[[Rock's Backpages]] {{subscription required}}}}</ref>

<ref name="dennismenace">{{cite web |last1=Mavis |first1=Paul |title=Dennis the Menace: Season One |url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/47184/dennis-the-menace/|type=5 disc DVD set |website=[[DVD Talk]] |date=29 March 2011|id=47184}}</ref>

<ref name="filmschool">{{cite web |last1=Carr |first1=Kevin |title=39 Things We Learned from the Banned 'Dr. No' Commentary |url=https://filmschoolrejects.com/39-things-we-learned-from-the-banned-dr-no-commentary-28e2a5335144/ |website=[[Film School Rejects]] |date=6 November 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="flinstones">{{Cite AV media |title=The Flintstones - The Complete Series DVD Extras |url=https://archive.org/details/the-flintstones-dvd-extras |type=audio |publisher=Hanna-Barbera |year=2004}}</ref>

<ref name="friends">{{cite web |last1=Cressey |first1=Earl |title=Friends: The Complete Second Season |url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/review/4502 |website=DVD Talk |date=2 September 2002}}</ref>

<ref name="galaxy">{{cite news |last1=Zyber |first1=Joshua |title=Galaxy Quest Blu-ray Review |url=https://bluray.highdefdigest.com/2652/galaxyquest.html |work=High Def Digest |date=22 November 2009}}</ref>

<ref name="gameofthrones">{{cite web |last1=Hibbard |first1=James |title=8 revelations from the 'Game of Thrones' series finale DVD commentary|url=https://ew.com/tv/2019/11/28/game-of-thrones-series-finale-dvd-commentary/ |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=28 November 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="ghostbusters">{{cite news |last1=Jacobson |first1=Colin |title=Ghostbusters (1984) |url=http://www.dvdmg.com/ghostbusters.shtml |work=DVD Movie Guide |date=25 August 2005 |id=B000060K4O}}</ref>

<ref name="indiewire">{{cite web |last1=O'Falt |first1=Chris |title='The Shining,' the Steadicam, and the Man Who Changed Filmmaking (for the Better) |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/craft/the-shining-steadicam-garrett-brown-kubrick-history-1234897190/ |website=[[IndieWire]] |date=17 August 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="jamesbond">{{cite journal |last1=McGowan |first1=David |title=There's Just No Point in Doing a Commentary Where Everyone's Just Going to Sit and Criticize the Movie: Auteurism and the Creation of Hoax "Unruly" Extra Features in the DVD Era |journal=[[Quarterly Review of Film and Video]] |date=1 July 2022 |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=1008–1033 |doi=10.1080/10509208.2021.1896350|url=https://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/id/eprint/17840/3/Auteurism%20and%20the%20Creation%20of%20Hoax%20Unruly%20Extra%20Features%20in%20the%20DVD%20Era.pdf }}</ref>

<ref name="jetsons">{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Gordon S. |title=The Jetsons The Complete Original Series Blu-ray Review: Meet George Jetson |url=https://cinemasentries.com/the-jetsons-the-complete-original-series-blu-ray-review-meet-george-jetson/?doing_wp_cron=1697919718.1939380168914794921875 |work=Cinema Sentries |date=13 May 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="little pony">{{Cite AV media |title=My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic - Season 1 DVD Audio Commentaries |url=https://archive.org/details/mlpaudiocommentaries |type=audio |publisher=Hasbro |year=2012}}</ref>

<ref name="looney">{{cite web |last1=Cooke |first1=Jon |title=Looney Tunes DVD and Video Guide: DVD: The Looney Tunes Golden Collection |url=https://www.intanibase.com/gac/looneytunes/looney-dvd2.aspx |website=The Internet Animation Database |date=2011}}</ref>

<ref name="lucas">{{cite news |last1=Gargano |first1=Jason |title=In-Demand Local Man Provides Audio Commentary for Movies |url=https://www.citybeat.com/arts/in-demand-local-man-provides-audio-commentary-for-movies-12171911 |work=[[Cincinnati CityBeat]] |date=30 October 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="macnab">{{cite news |last1=Macnab |first1=Geoffrey |title=Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan and me Arts: How does an accountant's son from Peterborough transform himself into a Hong Kong kung fu star? |work=[[Evening Standard]] |date=10 August 2001 |location=[[London, England]] |page=50 |id={{ProQuest|329445008}} {{subscription required}} |quote=A special collector's edition of the Bruce Lee version of Fist Of Fury, with an audio commentary by Bey Logan, is available on DVD.}}</ref>

<ref name="matrix">{{cite news |last1=Bracke |first1=Peter |title=The Ultimate Matrix Collection HD DVD Review  |url=https://hddvd.highdefdigest.com/301/matrix_umc.html |work=High Def Digest |date=15 May 2007}}</ref>

<ref name="monkees">{{cite web |last1=Smotroff |first1=Mark |title=The Monkees Complete Series Blu-ray Box Set |url=https://audiophilereview.com/audiophile-music/the-monkees-complete-series-blu-ray-box-set-part-iii-bonus-discs-astound/ |website=Audiophile Review |date=24 October 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="musa">{{cite web |last1=Marchant |first1=Tim |title=Musa (2001) |url=https://movie-gazette.com/1147/musa |website=Movie Gazette |id=1147/musa |date=4 February 2005}}</ref>

<ref name="nightgallery">{{cite web |last1=Salmons |first1=Tim |editor=Hunt, Bill |title=Night Gallery: Season Three (Blu-ray Review) |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/item/night-gallery-s3-kino-2022-bd |website=The Digital Bits |date=18 November 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="nines">{{cite web |last1=Sciretta |first1=Peter |title=John August Releases The Nines Audio Commentary Online |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/497006/john-august-releases-the-nines-audio-commentary-online/ |website=/Film |date=30 August 2007}}</ref>

<ref name="numbers">{{cite web |last1=Stowbridge |first1=C. S. |title=DVD Releases for September 13, 2005 |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/news/190120830-DVD-Releases-for-September-13-2005 |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |date=12 September 2005}}</ref>

<ref name="nymag">{{cite magazine |last1=Wasserstein |first1=Ben |title=How Clerks Creator Kevin Smith Reinvented Movie Marketing |url=https://nymag.com/movies/profiles/17663/ |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]] |date=14 July 2006}}</ref>

<ref name="oleary">{{cite journal |last1=O'Leary |first1=Niamh J . |title=Ambition and Desire: Gertrude As Tragic Hero In Feng Xiaogang's The Banquet (2006) |journal=The Upstart Crow |date=2012 |volume=31 |pages=63–80 |publisher=[[Clemson University]] |location=[[Clemson, South Carolina]] |id={{ProQuest|1419374379}} {{subscription required}} |quote=In his audio commentary on the DVD, Hong Kong cinema expert Bey Logan states that mainland Chinese martial arts period films 'tend to be about the defeat of the one by the many'.}}</ref>

<ref name="palmer">{{cite news |last1=Palmer |first1=Michael S. |title=Stanley Kubrick's The Shining - 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray Ultra HD Review|url=https://ultrahd.highdefdigest.com/72984/theshining4kultrahdbluray.html |work=High Def Digest |date=27 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="playbill">{{cite magazine |last1=Gans |first1=Andrew |title=Godspell Launches Free, Ten-Part Audio Commentary Series, Featuring Stephen Schwartz |url=https://playbill.com/article/godspell-launches-free-ten-part-audio-commentary-series-featuring-stephen-schwartz-com-188131 |magazine=[[Playbill]] |date=6 March 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="popmatters">{{cite web |last1=Garratt |first1=John |title=Did Queen Take Themselves Seriously? 'Queen: Greatest Video Hits', PopMatters |url=https://www.popmatters.com/166313-music-dvd-queen-greatest-video-hits-2495792144.html |website=PopMatters |date=11 December 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="pratt">{{cite magazine |last1=Pratt |first1=Douglas |title=The Best DVD Audio Commentaries|url=https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA228509102 |magazine=[[Cinéaste (magazine)|Cinéaste]] |date=2010 |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=17–21|id={{Gale|A228509102}}}}</ref>

<ref name="robotchick">{{cite news |last1=Iverson |first1=Dan |title=Robot Chicken - Season Two (Uncensored) Review |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/08/31/robot-chicken-season-two-uncensored-review |work=IGN |date=31 August 2007 }}</ref>

<ref name="seinfeld">{{cite web |last1=Rich |first1=Jamie S. |title=Seinfeld - The Complete Series |url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/review/31567 |website=[[DVD Talk]] |date=2 December 2007}}</ref>

<ref name="sexandcity">{{cite web |last1=Weintraub |first1=Steve |title=DVD Deal: Sex and the City The Complete Series (Deluxe Edition) |url=https://collider.com/dvd-deal-sex-the-city-the-complete-series-deluxe-edition/ |website=Collider |date=23 April 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="silenceoflambs">{{Cite AV media |title=The Silence Of The Lambs (1991) Cast Commentary |url=https://archive.org/details/the-silence-of-the-lambs-1991-cast-commentary |date=2020 |type=Audio |publisher=Strong Heart Productions |people=[[Jonathan Demme]], [[Jodie Foster]], [[Anthony Hopkins]], [[Ted Tally]] and [[John E. Douglas|John Douglas]]}}</ref>

<ref name="sinbad">{{cite web |editor-last1=Rhee |editor-first1=Jennifer |title=Watch: Classic Animation by the Fleischers, Ub Iwerks and George Pal|url=https://www.cinema.ucla.edu/blogs/archive-blog/2023/06/22/classic-animation-fleischer-ub-iwerks-george-pal |website=[[UCLA Film and Television Archive]] |location=[[University of California, Los Angeles]] |date=22 June 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="smothers">{{cite news |last1=Evans |first1=Greg |title=The Network Never Liked Them Best |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/05/arts/television/05evan.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=3 October 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="sopranos">{{cite news |last1=King |first1=Susan |title=Stocking Stuffers, From 'Baseball' to 'The Sopranos' |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-nov-30-ca-59083-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |date=30 November 2000}}</ref>

<ref name="soundvision">{{cite news |last1=Norton |first1=Thomas J. |title=Rediscovering Movie Critic Richard Schickel's 'Keepers' |url=https://www.soundandvision.com/content/richard-schickel-movies |work=[[Sound & Vision (magazine)|Sound & Vision]] |date=2 November 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="southpark">{{cite news |last1=Milligan |first1=Mercedes |title='South Park Season 21-25' Box Set Comes Home in July |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2023/05/south-park-season-21-25-box-set-comes-home-in-july/ |work=[[Animation Magazine]] |date=8 May 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="spongebob">{{Cite AV media |title=SpongeBob SquarePants Audio Commentaries |url=https://archive.org/details/sponge-bob-commentaries |type=audio |publisher=Nickelodeon |year=2020 |people=[[Stephen Hillenburg]] and [[Tom Kenny]]}}</ref>

<ref name="startrek">{{cite news |last1=Bugailiskis |first1=John |title=Star Trek: The Original Series DVD review |url=https://www.ecoustics.com/articles/star-trek-original-series-dvd/ |work=eCoustics Magazine |date=10 November 2004}}</ref>

<ref name="sunnyphil">{{cite news |last1=Villarreal |first1=Phil |title=The PhilmGuy's DVD Review: 'Glee'; 'It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia' |url=https://okmagazine.com/news/philmguys-dvd-review-glee-its-always-sunny-philadelphia/ |work=[[OK!|OK Magazine]] |date=14 September 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="sunshine">{{cite news |last1=Papamichael |first1=Stella |title=BBC - Movies - Review - Sunshine DVD |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2007/08/20/sunshine_2007_dvd_review.shtml |work=[[British Broadcasting Corporation|BBC]] |date=2007}}</ref>

<ref name="tasteofcinema">{{cite web |last1=Pistole |first1=Kristopher |title=15 Entertaining DVD Commentaries Every Film Fan Must Listen To |url=http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2016/15-entertaining-dvd-commentaries-every-film-fan-must-listen-to/ |website=Taste of Cinema |date=20 February 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="techcrunch">{{cite news |last1=Siegler |first1=M. G. |title=Amazingly, DVD Commentary Helped Give Roger Ebert His Voice Back |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/03/02/roger-ebert-voice-oprah/ |work=[[TechCrunch]] |date=2 March 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="tomjerry">{{cite web |last1=Weinberg |first1=Scott |title=Tom and Jerry: Spotlight Collection Vol. 2 |url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/18683/tom-and-jerry-spotlight-collection-vol-2/ |website=DVD Talk |date=13 November 2005}}</ref>

<ref name="trinity">{{cite web |title=Table of Contents: Iron Monkey |url=https://lib-cat.trin.cam.ac.uk/Record/17d97187-5b3b-4d24-a2e4-a92a8bb7f4a9/TOC |website=[[Trinity College, Cambridge]] |publisher=[[University of Cambridge]] |location=[[Cambridge, United Kingdom]] |type=videorecording |quote=Special features: Audio commentary with Donnie Yen and Bey Logan}}</ref>

<ref name="twilight">{{cite web |last1=Benson |first1=Jim |title=The Twilight Zone Blu-Ray DVD Audio Commentary Project |url=https://www.tvtimemachine.com/productions/twilight-zone |website=TV Time Machine |date=2010}}</ref>

<ref name="variety">{{cite news |last1=Burlingame |first1=Jon |title=Film Historian and Author Rudy Behlmer Dies at 92 |url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/rudy-behlmer-dies-dead-film-historian-1203352056/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=27 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="willgrace">{{cite web |last1=Robinson |first1=Jeffrey |title=Will & Grace: The Complete Series |url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/34775/will-and-grace-the-complete-series/ |website=[[DVD Talk]] |date=21 September 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="wired">{{cite web |last1=Cornish |first1=David |title=Looper Director Makes Downloadable Commentary for In-Theater Use |url=https://www.wired.com/2012/10/looper-downloadable-commentary/ |website=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=18 October 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="wolfjessica">{{cite magazine |last1=Wolf |first1=Jessica |title=Rhino Ready To Charge Ahead |magazine=Home Media Retailing |date=January 2006 |volume=28 |issue=2 |page=13 |id={{ProQuest|197606250}} {{subscription required}}}}</ref>
}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |last1=Barlow |first1=Aaron |author1-link=Aaron Barlow |title=The DVD Revolution: Movies, Culture, and Technology |date=2005 |publisher=[[Frederick A. Praeger (publisher)|Praeger Publishers]] |location=[[Westport, Connecticut]] |isbn=0-275-98387-0 |pages=109–127 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/dvdrevolutionmov0000barl/page/108/mode/2up?view=theater |lccn=2004018109 |chapter=The DVD Audio Commentary}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Bennett |editor1-first=James |editor2-last=Brown |editor2-first=Tom |title=Film and Television After DVD |date=2008 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-415-96241-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/filmtelevisionaf0000mada/page/n3/mode/2up?view=theater |series=Routledge Research in Cultural and Media Studies}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ratethatcommentary.com/ Rate That Commentary] – website featuring reviews of DVD audio commentary tracks
* [http://www.avclub.com/features/commentary-tracks-of-the-damned/ Commentary Tracks of the Damned] at [[The A.V. Club]]
*[https://archive.org/details/dr_no-criterion_laserdisc-commentary_track Dr. No - Criterion laserdisc commentary track] at the [[Internet Archive]]
*[https://archive.org/details/goldfinger-criterion_laserdisc-commentary_track Goldfinger - Criterion laserdisc commentary track] at the [[Internet Archive]]

[[Category:Alternative versions of soundtracks]]
[[Category:Home video supplements]]
[[Category:DVD]]
[[Category:Blu-ray Disc]]
[[Category:1980s neologisms]]