Editing Austin Sheerline

{{Short description|British automobile}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox automobile
| image        = Austin A125 Sheerline DS1 front.jpg
| caption     = A125
| name         = Austin Sheerline<br />A110 and A125
| manufacturer = [[Austin Motor Company|Austin]]
| production   = 1947–1954
| body_style   = 4-door saloon<br />4-door [[limousine]] (lwb)<br />[[Ambulance]] (lwb)<br />[[Hearse]] (lwb)
| predecessor  = [[Austin Twenty#28 Six-cylinder engine|Austin 28 Ranelagh]]
| successor    = [[Austin Princess#Austin Princess I, II and III|Austin A135 Princess]]<br />[[Vanden Plas Princess#Princess 1 and 2|Vanden Plas Princess]]
| layout = 
| platform = 
| engine = {{ubl
  | A110: {{cvt|3460|cc|cuin|1}} ''[[Austin D-Series engine|D-Series]]'' [[Overhead valve engine|OHV]] [[Straight-six engine|I6]]
  | A125: {{cvt|3995|cc|cuin|1}} ''[[Austin D-Series engine|D-Series]]'' OHV I6
  }}
| transmission = 
| wheelbase = {{convert|119.25|in|mm|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}}<br />{{convert|132|in|mm|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}} (lwb)
| length = {{convert|191.5|in|mm|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
| width = {{convert|73|in|mm|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
| height = {{convert|67|in|mm|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
| weight = {{convert|4145|-|4480|lb|kg|0|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
| related      = [[Austin Princess]]
| designer = [[Ricardo Burzi]]
| sp = uk
}}

==History==
The '''Austin Sheerline''' is a large [[luxury car]] produced by [[Austin Motor Company|Austin]] in the United Kingdom from 1947 until 1954.

The new Sheerline, with razor-edge styling, first appeared at the Geneva Motor Show on 13 March 1947.<ref name=wyatt>{{cite book|last=Wyatt|first=R. J.|date=1981|publisher=David & Charles|title=The Austin 1905-1952}}</ref>

It was a luxurious car in the style of the contemporary Rolls-Royce or Bentley but at a much lower price, around two-thirds that of the equivalent Rolls-Royce but still the price of five or six small Austins.

Design began in 1942 during WW2 when Austin Motors Chairman, Sir Leonard Lord, decided that Austin needed a large and traditionally styled car to compete in the luxury car market.<ref name="austinmemories.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.austinmemories.com/styled-86/index.html|title=Dick Burzi Stylist|website=My Website}}</ref>

Argentine/Italian stylist, [[Ricardo Burzi]] designed the Austin Sheerline based on Leonard Lord's sketches. The day Italy entered the war, Ricardo Burzi was internned on the Isle of Man due to being an 'Italian resident alien' and only released after Leonard Lord pulled some strings and personally vouched for his character. Upon release he was allowed to work on condition that he worked in an isolated area and reported daily to the police. He designed the Austin Sheerline alongside the [[Austin A40]] in a 30&nbsp;ft long office and about half as wide with a full sized layout board and three desks. Initially a Plasticine model was created with a full size wooden "Mock-up" model completed by 1946.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.austina30a35ownersclub.co.uk/StyleDesign.aspx|title=Austin A30/A35 Style and Design|website=austina30a35ownersclub.co.uk}}</ref>

The Austin Sheerline was the first Austins to have a 'Flying A' bonnet mascot and 'Austin of England' script. Austin Chairman, Sir Leonard Lord, owned a Bentley during the war and the story goes that he took the Bentley 'Flying B' bonnet mascot from his personal Bentley and gave it to Austin designer Ricardo Burzi to create something similar. In one day, Burzi altered the slope of the 'B' and formed a stylized 'A' attaching a skeletal wing to the trailing edge and wrapped it in foil. This mascot became Austin's logo and featured on all models until the 1960s.<ref name="austinmemories.com"/>

==Production==
Volume production did not begin until 1947 because of Austin Motors commitment to war production.

In 1949 a limousine model was produced on a stretched 11&nbsp;ft chassis, Twelve and a half inches had been added to the wheelbase as well as a sliding glass partition behind the driver an foldaway occasional seating.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/motoring/features/austin-a125-sheerline-5529453.html|title=Austin A125 Sheerline|date=27 August 2007|website=The Independent}}</ref>

Both models were built at Austin's [[Longbridge plant]] from 1947 to 1954.

There were about 8,000 built along with 475 long wheelbase limousines and 300 chassis available to coacbuilders for ambulances, shooting brake estate and hearses.<ref name="austinmotorvehicleclubqld.org">{{Cite web|url=https://austinmotorvehicleclubqld.org/blog/2022/5/7/a-celebration-of-75-years-of-the-austin-sheerline-and-princess|title=A celebration of 75 years of the Austin Sheerline and Princess|date=7 May 2022|website=Austin Motor Vehicle Club of Queensland (Inc.)}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Austin Sheerline Model Data
|-
! Vehicle Type !! Chassis Code/Numbers !! Dates !! Number Produced 
|-
| A110/125 Sheerline SWB Saloon || DS1 (1-10504) || 1947–1954 || approx 8000
|-
| A125 Sheerline LWB Limousine || DM1 (3020-10165) || 1949–1953 || approx 475
|-
| A125 Sheerline Ambulance || DA1 (3195-12812)|| 1950–1955 || approx 300 Ambulance/Hearse combined
|-
|A125 Sheerline Hearse || DH1 (3100-12458) || 1950–1955 || Ratio of 4 hearses to each ambulance
|}

Production ceased in 1954 and Austin's luxury offering was limited to the A135 [[Austin Princess]].

==Engine==
The Austin Sheerline 4-Litre OHV straight-six engine was based on the famous [[Austin D-Series engine]], with slight differences.<ref name="austinmotorvehicleclubqld.org"/>

The first new British cars to be introduced since the war by one of the large manufacturers have now been announced. They are the Austin Sheerline 110 and Princess 120 saloons, the former with knife-edge coachwork made at Longbridge Birmingham and the latter having a more streamlined body which is the work of Vanden Plas, the coach building firm acquired by Austins last year. The chassis of both cars is similar, the only difference being in the number of carburettors. The figures after the names of the models indicate the brake horse-power. The cars are new from end to end, and the specifications include a new three and a half litre six-cylinder, overhead valve engine, steering column control of the four-speed synchromesh gearbox, independent front suspension using coil springs, and hydraulic brakes. The prices are £1,278 for the 110 and £1,917 for the 120, including [[purchase tax]].<ref>{{cite news | title=New Austin Cars | newspaper=The Times | date=14 March 1947 | page=6 | issue=50709}}</ref> designated A110, had a 3,460&nbsp;cc [[Straight-six engine|straight-six]] [[overhead valve]] engine but this was soon<ref>Austin Lorries Dealer<br />Increased prices for all Austin commercial vehicles come into force today. . . .  The change in engine size of the big Austin car from 3½-litres to 4-litres has been accompanied by alterations in the designation, and the two models on this chassis will be called in future the A125 Sheerline and the A135 Princess. The figures denote the brake horse-power.<br />{{cite news | title=News In Brief | newspaper=The Times | date=12 November 1947 | page=2 | issue=50916}}</ref> increased to 3,995&nbsp;cc with {{convert|125|bhp|kW|0|abbr=on}} and the designation then became A125. At 37 hundredweight (1,850&nbsp;kg) for the saloon and 2 tons (2,000&nbsp;kg) for the limousine this was a heavy car, and to maintain performance a low final drive ratio of 4.55:1 with 16-inch tyres was fitted. The saloon version had a top speed of {{convert|82|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}.

Anders Clausager, an archivist at BL Heritage Ltd, discovered that no more than 12 Sheerlines and 32 [[Austin Princess|Princesses]], mainly prototype and pre-production cars, were fitted with the 3,460cc engine before the increase to 3,993cc at the end of 1947.<ref name=wyatt />

The Austin Sheerline engine was shared with the [[Austin Princess]] and also used in the [[Jensen PW]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.classicargarage.com/english/garages/history/jensen-histo.htm|title=Jensen history|date=5 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905095912/http://www.classicargarage.com/english/garages/history/jensen-histo.htm |archive-date=5 September 2008 }}</ref> and [[Jensen 541]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jensen541-24.weebly.com/jensen-541.html|title=Jensen 541|website=jensen541-24.weebly.com}}</ref>

==Chassis==
Austin produced two chassis for the Austin Sheerline and the Austin Princess.<ref>{{cite web | title=Austin Princess Hearse | website=Brightwells Classic Cars | url=https://classiccars.brightwells.com/viewdetails.php?id=44 | access-date=18 January 2024}}</ref>

Initially only a saloon version on a 9-foot-11¼-inch (3 metre) wheelbase chassis was made, but this was joined by a limousine version in late 1949<ref>{{cite news | title=Austin | newspaper=The Times | date=30 September 1949 | page=3 | issue=51500}}</ref> on a stretched 11&nbsp;ft (3.3 metre) chassis available for use by coachbuilders for conversion to an ambulance, shooting brake estate or hearse.

A pressed-steel cross-braced chassis frame was used, and for the first time on an Austin, independent front suspension. Other features were a hydraulic jacking system, Lockheed hydraulic brakes and a steering-column gearshift.<ref name=wyatt /> Suspension was by coil springs at the front and semi-elliptic leaf springs at the rear.

The Austin Sheerline had Smith's "Red Jackall" hydraulic jacking system installed on its chassis behind each wheel. This was operated by a hydraulic pump that allowed all four wheels to be lifted at once to easily change a tyre. A valve knob accessed through a trap door under the carpet under the driver's seat operated this system. this<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oldclassiccar.co.uk/forum/phpbb/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=6087|title=Jackall Hydraulic System|website=www.oldclassiccar.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFg_uo8IOhY|title=1953 Austin Sheerline Limo Factory 4 wheel lift system in action|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref>

The consensus is that in the [[Last of the Summer Wine]] episode [[Last of the Summer Wine (series 8)#Episodes|The Loxley Lozenge]], the chassis of an Austin Sheerline was used as a prop for the titular (fictional) vehicle.<ref>{{Cite web|last=DigitalCavalry|date=2015-07-17|title=Christmas Special 1984: The Loxley Lozenge|url=http://summerwinos.co.uk/?p=2131|access-date=2020-07-29|website=Summer Winos}}</ref>

==Coachbuilt examples==
The Austin Sheerline and Princess could also be supplied as either a [[rolling chassis]] or [[chassis cab]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vpoc.info/austin-a135-princess-hearse-ambulance?pgid=ky097eh3-7d3f17a5-5951-4e80-b939-f300258a8a59|title=Vanden Plas Princess Ambulance & Hearse Chassis &#124; Austin A135 Princess Hearse/ Ambulance|website=Vanden Plas Owners}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.simoncars.co.uk/vanden-plas/vcv.html|title=Simon Cars - Vanden-Plas Coachwork|website=www.simoncars.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.austinmemories.com/styled-33/styled-46/index.html|title=A110/120 & 125/135|website=My Website}}</ref> for the fitting of bespoke coachwork.

Approximately 300 chassis cabs were produced for coachbuilders to produce hearses, ambulances and shooting brake/woodies.

A unique 4-door convertible was built on a 1949 Austin Sheerline rolling chassis by Belgian Coachbuilders Vesters & Neirinck in Brussels. Originally ordered by Desire Gillet of the motorcycle manufacturer 'Gillet-Herstal', it resembles the work of the French coachbuilder [[Saoutchik]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cars.bonhams.com/auction/21396/lot/36/unique-coachwork-by-vesters-and-neirinck-of-brussels1949-austin-a125-sheerline-cabriolet-chassis-no-dcl-2729-engine-no-id-4033/|title=Bonhams Cars : Unique Coachwork by Vesters & Neirinck of Brussels,1949 Austin A125 Sheerline Cabriolet Chassis no. DCL 2729 Engine no. ID 4033|website=cars.bonhams.com}}</ref>

In 1950 Queen Juliana of the Netherlands ordered Dutch coachbuilders [[Carrosseriefabriek Pennock|Pennock]] to construct a six-cylinder convertible limousine for the Dutch Royal Household. A 1950 Austin Sheerline Limousine DM1 (left hand drive) rolling chassis was delivered to Pennock and the unique Double Convertible Town Car was delivered to the Royal Household in 1952.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.coachbuild.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=9457|title=Pennock Austin - COACHBUILD.com|website=www.coachbuild.com}}</ref>

Austin Motors and their London distributors, Car Mart Ltd, gifted a 1947 Austin Sheerline to HRH Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip on their wedding day. This particular car had some interesting features being fitted with Vanden Plas' sportier triple carburettor's as opposed to the standard single Stromberg unit, rear compartment shelves that held 'His and Hers' glass fragrance bottles, etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesahb.com/prince-philip-and-his-cars/|title=Prince Philip and his cars|website=thesahb.com}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Austin_A125_Sheerline_DS1_head.jpg|Austin A125 Sheerline
File:Austin_A125_Sheerline_DS1_rear.jpg|Austin A125 Sheerline
Austin A125 Limousine 9252252094.jpg|Long wheelbase limousine
Austin_Sheerline.jpg |1949 Saloon pictured at [[Knebworth]] in 2016
File:1940 Austin A125 Sheerline - 2912 cc - 6 cyl - AB 1974 - Kolkata 2017-01-29 4556.JPG|
</gallery>
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last=Robson |first=Graham |title=The Cars of BMC |year=1987 |publisher=Motor Racing Publications |isbn=0-947981-14-4}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Austin A125}}
*[http://www.austinmemories.com/styled-33/styled-46/index.html Austin Memories]

{{British Motor Corporation cars, 1952-1966}}

[[Category:Austin vehicles|Sheerline]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1947]]
[[Category:Limousines]]