Editing Australian lime

{{Short description|Lime cultivar}}
[[File:CSIRO ScienceImage 3400 The Australian Outback Lime.jpg|thumb|The [[Australian Outback Lime]], a [[cultivar]] of the [[desert lime]] (''C. glauca'')]]
'''Australian limes''' are species of the plant genus ''[[Citrus]]'' that are native to [[Australia]] and [[Papua New Guinea]].

These species were formerly included in the genera ''Microcitrus'' and ''Eremocitrus''.<ref name=Lindsay>{{cite web|author=Lindsay, Lenore |title=Australian Limes|work=Australian Plants Online|url=http://asgap.org.au/APOL2006/dec06-1.html|publisher=Australian Native Plants Society (Australia)  |access-date=2010-11-16| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101205161143/http://asgap.org.au/APOL2006/dec06-1.html| archive-date= 5 December 2010 | url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="APNI">{{cite web |url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/90267 |title=''Eremocitrus'' |website=[[Australian Plant Name Index]] (APNI) |publisher=Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, [[Australian Government]] |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="APNI2">{{cite web |url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/57108 |title=''Microcitrus'' |website=[[Australian Plant Name Index]] (APNI) |publisher=Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, [[Australian Government]] |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref> They have been used as a food source by [[indigenous Australians]] and [[Indigenous people of New Guinea|Indigenous New Guineans]] as well as early settlers and are used in modern Australian cuisine, including [[marmalade]] and sauces.<ref name=CSIRO>{{cite journal|title=Taming Wild Limes|journal=Ecos Magazine|year=2001|issue=107|publisher=CSIRO publishing|url=http://www.ecosmagazine.com/?paper=EC107p6}}</ref><ref name=factsheet>{{cite web |title=Australian native citrus-wild species, cultivars and hybrids|publisher=Primary Industries and Resources SA|url=http://www.homecitrusgrowers.co.uk/australiannativecitrus/Australian_Nativce_Citrus.pdf|access-date=2010-11-16}}</ref>

Species include:

{{clade| style=font-size:100%;line-height:100%
|label1='''Australian limes'''
|1={{clade
|label1=former ''[[Eremocitrus]]''
  |1=''[[Citrus glauca]]''
  |label2=former ''[[Microcitrus]]''
  |2={{clade
     |1=''[[Citrus warburgiana]]''
     |2={{clade
        |1={{clade
            |1=''[[Citrus inodora]]''
            |2=''[[Citrus maideniana]]'' }}
        |2={{clade
            |1=''[[Citrus garrawayi]]''
            |2=''[[Citrus australasica]]'' }}
        |3=''[[Citrus australis]]''}} }} }} }}
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://citruspages.free.fr/australian.html#microcitrus|title=Citrus Pages / Native Australian varieties|author=Jorma Koskinen and Sylvain Jousse|work=free.fr}}</ref>

== Species from Australia ==
===Natural species===
*''[[Citrus australasica]]'' ('''Finger lime'''), a species from rainforest regions of northern New South Wales and Southern Queensland with elongated yellow-green to purple fruits. [[File:Citrus australasica green fruit1.JPG|thumb|[[Finger lime]]]]
*''[[Citrus australis]]'' ('''Round lime''' or '''Dooja'''), a species from south-eastern Australia with round, green fruits
*''[[Citrus glauca]]'' ('''Desert lime'''), from arid areas of inland Australia. Small round fruits are produced in summer. [[File:Citrus glauca fruit.jpg|thumb|[[Desert lime]]]]
* ''[[Citrus garrawayi]]'', ('''Mount White lime''') is rare and endemic to the [[Cook District]] of [[Cape York Peninsula]].
*  ''[[Citrus gracilis]]'' ('''Kakadu lime''' or '''Humpty Doo lime''') grows in eucalypt woodland in the [[Northern Territory]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://citruspages.free.fr/australian.html#gracilis|title=Citrus Pages / Native Australian varieties|author=Jorma Koskinen and Sylvain Jousse|work=free.fr}}</ref><ref name=factsheet/> and was first described in the scientific literature in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/73236/Tel7Mab333.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=Rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002183628/http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/73236/Tel7Mab333.pdf |archive-date=2 October 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''[[Citrus inodora]]'' ('''Russell River lime''' or '''large-leaf Australian wild lime''') is rare, and endemic to northern [[Queensland]].<ref name=factsheet/>
* ''[[Citrus maideniana]]'' ('''Maiden's Australian wild lime''')<ref name=factsheet/> may be a subspecies of ''C. inodora''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://citruspages.free.fr/australian.html#maideniana|title=Citrus Pages / Native Australian varieties|author=Jorma Koskinen and Sylvain Jousse|work=free.fr}}</ref>

===Cultivars===
[[File:CSIRO ScienceImage 3592 New lime varieties bred from native Australian limes.jpg|thumb|[[Blood Lime]] (biggest, red), Sunrise Lime (orange, pear-shaped) and the Outback Lime, a small, green cultivar of the desert lime]]
A number of [[cultivar]]s have been developed in recent years. These can be grafted on to standard [[citrus rootstocks]].  They may be grown as ornamental trees in the garden or in containers.<ref name=CSIRO2>{{cite web|title=From the outback to 'out the back' |publisher=CSIRO |date=12 August 2005 |url=http://www.csiro.au/news/LimeVarities.html |access-date=2010-11-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228033500/http://www.csiro.au/news/LimeVarities.html |archive-date=2011-02-28 }}</ref>
Grafted standards are available for some varieties.<ref name=Lindsay /> The cultivars include:
*''''Australian Outback'''' (or ''''Australian Desert''''), developed from several desert lime varieties
*''''Australian Red Centre'''' (or ''''Australian Blood'''' or [[Blood Lime]]{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}), a cross of finger lime<ref name=imageref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scienceimage.csiro.au/image/3592|title = CSIRO Science Image - CSIRO Science Image}}</ref> and a mandarin-lemon or mandarin-sweet orange hybrid
*''''Australian Sunrise'''', a hybrid cross of finger lime and a [[calomondin]] which is pear shaped and orange inside
* ''''Rainforest Pearl'''', a pink-fruited form of finger lime from [[Bangalow, New South Wales]]
* ''''Sunrise Lime '''', parentage unknown<ref name=imageref/>
* ''''Outback Lime'''', a desert lime cultivar<ref name=imageref/>

== Species from Papua New Guinea ==
* ''[[Citrus warburgiana]]'' ('''Kakamadu''' or '''New Guinea wild lime''')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://citruspages.free.fr/australian.html#warburgiana|title=Citrus Pages / Native Australian varieties|author=Jorma Koskinen and Sylvain Jousse|work=free.fr}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://www.homecitrusgrowers.co.uk/australiannativecitrus/CWakonai%20pdfs/Wakonai.pdf|format=PDF|title=Citrus wakonai P.I. Forst & M.W. Sm. (Rutaceae), a new species from Goodenough Island, Papua New Guinea|author1=Paul I. Forster|author2=Malcolm W. Smith|website=Homecitrusgrowers.co.uk|access-date=30 March 2022}}</ref> grows on the south coast of the [[Papuan Peninsula]] near [[Alotau]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.homecitrusgrowers.co.uk/australianpngnativecitrus/citruswakonai.html|title=Citrus wakonai|author=Mike Saalfeld|website=Homecitrusgrowers.co.uk}}</ref> [http://www.homecitrusgrowers.co.uk/australianpngnativecitrus/The_Quest_for_Wakonai19.html (pictures)].
*''[[Citrus wakonai]]'' (also locally called '''kakamadu''')<ref name="ReferenceA" /> has been reported from [[Goodenough Island]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homecitrusgrowers.co.uk/australianpngnativecitrus/The_Quest_for_Wakonai19.html|title=The_Quest_for_Wakonai page19|author=Mike Saalfeld|website=Homecitrusgrowers.co.uk}}</ref>
* ''[[Citrus wintersii]]'', also known as ''Citrus papuana'' ('''Brown River finger lime''')<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://citruspages.free.fr/australian.html#wintersii|title=Citrus Pages / Native Australian varieties|author1=Jorma Koskinen|author2=Sylvain Jousse|website=Citruspages.free.fr}}</ref> has, as the name suggests, a small, thin fruit, pointed at both ends ([http://www.homecitrusgrowers.co.uk/australianpngnativecitrus/The_Quest_for_Wakonai4.html pictures], [http://www.homecitrusgrowers.co.uk/australiannativecitrus/microcitruspapuana.html more pictures]). It grows near [[Port Moresby]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homecitrusgrowers.co.uk/australiannativecitrus/microcitruspapuana.html|title=Microcitrus papuana|website=Homecitrusgrowers.co.uk}}</ref>
* ''[[Clymenia (plant)|Clymenia sp.]]'' are native to the [[Bismarck Archipelago]] but are cultivated in other areas. ''Clymenia'' is now often considered to belong within the citrus genus.<ref name="AGLthesis">{{cite thesis |title=Organización de la diversidad genética de los cítricos |year=2013|author=Andrés García Lor| url=https://riunet.upv.es/bitstream/handle/10251/31518/Versión3.Tesis%20Andrés%20García-Lor.pdf |pages=79 }}</ref>
**''[[Clymenia platypoda]]''
**''[[Clymenia polyandra]]'' has a lemon-sized round fruit, pointed at one end [http://www.homecitrusgrowers.co.uk/australianpngnativecitrus/The_Quest_for_Wakonai10.html (pictures)].

Citrus species in [[Papua New Guinea]] have not been extensively studied, so the true number of species is unknown.

== Identification ==
An [http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/73236/Tel7Mab333.pdf identification key] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002183628/http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/73236/Tel7Mab333.pdf |date=2009-10-02 }} (p.&nbsp;6 or 338) exists for the known Australian limes (not including species from [[Papua New Guinea]]). The leaves of some species broaden dramatically with age.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saalfelds.freeserve.co.uk/microcitrusleaves.htm |title=microcitrus – mature and juvenile leaf forms |work=freeserve.co.uk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093129/http://www.saalfelds.freeserve.co.uk/microcitrusleaves.htm |archive-date=2015-09-24 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{citrus}}

[[Category:Bushfood]]
[[Category:Limes (fruit)]]
[[Category:Flora of Papua New Guinea]]
[[Category:Sapindales of Australia]]
[[Category:Citrus]]