Editing Autofahrer-Rundfunk-Informationssystem

'''Autofahrer-Rundfunk-Informationssystem''' ('''ARI''', [[German language|German]] for: '''Automotive-Driver's-Broadcasting-Information''') was a system for indicating the presence of traffic information in [[FM broadcasting|FM broadcasts]] used by the [[Germany|German]] [[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]] network of FM radio stations from 1974.<ref>{{cite web| title= Institut für Rundfunktechnik Historic Milestones| url= http://www.irt.de/en/irt/milestones.html| accessdate= 2009-05-17| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090420084023/http://www.irt.de/en/irt/milestones.html| archivedate= 20 April 2009| url-status= dead}}</ref> Developed jointly by [[Institut für Rundfunktechnik|IRT]] and [[Blaupunkt]],<ref>{{cite web|title=March 2009: RDS is now 25 – the complete history |url=http://www.rds.org.uk/rds98/pdf/RDS_25_090327_4.pdf |publisher=The RDS Forum |location=Geneva, Switzerland |date=2009-03-27 |page=1 |accessdate=2009-05-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007182550/http://www.rds.org.uk/rds98/pdf/RDS_25_090327_4.pdf |archivedate=October 7, 2009 }}</ref> it indicated the presence of traffic announcements through manipulation of the 57[[kHz]] [[subcarrier]] of the station's FM signal.<ref>{{Cite patent|country=EP|number=1432157|title=Method for separating a RDS signal component and signal receiver|pubdate=2004-06-23|assign=[[Sony|Sony International (Europe) GMBH]]|inventor1-last=Wildhagen|inventor1-first=Jens}}</ref>

ARI was rendered obsolete by the more modern [[Radio Data System]] and the ARD stopped broadcasting ARI signals on March 1, 2005.<ref>{{cite web |title=Das Autofahrer-Rundfunk-Informationssystem wird abgeschaltet |url=http://www.shortnews.de/start.cfm?id=562110 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130211234146/http://www.shortnews.de/start.cfm?id=562110 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 11, 2013 |publisher=ShortNews GmbH & Co. KG |location=Regensburg, Germany |date=2005-02-28 |language=German |accessdate=2009-05-17 }}</ref>

== Functionality description ==

=== SK signal ===

The SK signal is actually the 57&nbsp;kHz subcarrier that is transmitted by the ARI-compliant FM station for this functionality. This frequency, like the RDS subcarrier frequency is chosen because it is the third harmonic of the 19&nbsp;kHz pilot tone used in the FM-stereo transmission standard. An easy way to understand that is that this frequency is the 19&nbsp;kHz pilot tone multiplied by 3.

An ARI-equipped radio would illuminate an indicator lamp to show that this function was in force. Most such radios would use this function further to help users search for ARI broadcasts. In the [[Radio Data System]] environment, the TP signal is equivalent to this basic function.

The basic method implemented on an analog receiver would be a switch usually marked SDK or VF. Radios that used the "classic" mechanical push-button preset system would have one of these buttons set aside as the VF switch. If this switch was on, the radio would mute unless it was tuned into a station that transmitted this signal.

If the radio was a digitally-tuned receiver, this switch usually engaged an "ARI-seek" mode which had the radio seek for any ARI station if it was out of range of the currently-tuned ARI station.

=== DK signal ===

This function, which is superseded by the RDS TA function, was tied in with the broadcasting studio and would be triggered whenever the traffic-announcement jingle was played. A 125&nbsp;Hz tone would be modulated on the 57&nbsp;kHz ARI subcarrier tone while this was happening.

A radio that used a "DK" switch, often part of the "SDK" or "VF" switch, was placed into "traffic-priority" mode. It would pick up on this signal and come out of a muted state or cut over a tape or CD that was playing and play the announcement at a fixed volume level.
 
There was the ability to switch off such announcements on these sets if the driver found a particular announcement irrelevant or it ran on for too long, but it was not easily explained to people new to the system. This was also confusing because a lot of cheaper implementations used a mechanical toggle switch to engage / disengage ARI mode and it was hard to simply use this switch simply to reset the system.

=== BK signal ===

This function was based on one of six tones that was in this same subcarrier and was reserved for high-end car radios. These were referred to as A, B, C, D, E and F; and they worked as a crude way of machine-based geocoding for Germany's broadcast areas.
The set would indicate the current zone that it was in rather than using an "SK" indicator whenever it was on an ARI station. As well, the user could control ARI search behavior based on the current zone, a user-nominated zone such as the neighboring zone or any ARI station in any zone.

==Attempts to deploy ARI in the U.S.==

Blaupunkt even made attempts to roll it out into the US market since 1982 by gaining support from selected FM broadcasters in the big US cities, but it did not catch on. Besides, they were the only company to put ARI-equipped sets on the U.S. marketplace, as a way of differentiating their product from others. There was talk of encouraging other manufacturers to sell ARI-equipped car radios to the U.S., but there was no action even though other manufacturers would roll out ARI-equipped radios to Germany.

==Attempts to deploy ARI in Canada==
ARI was introduced in Toronto, Canada, around the same time as the U.S. [[CHFI-FM|CHFI]] was the station designated for such broadcasts, and ads for new Blaupunkt car stereos announced it, but just like in the U.S., ARI did not seem to catch on.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite patent|country=EP|number=419776|title=On-Vehicle Receiver|pubdate=1991-04-03|assign=[[Pioneer_Corporation|Pioneer Electronic Corp.]]|inventor1-last=Shishido|inventor1-first=Osamu|inventor2-last=Hatori|inventor2-first=Tomoyasu|inventor3-last=Miyano|inventor3-first=Koichi|inventor4=Hideaki Kobayashi;Isao Matsumoto}} Circuitry improvement for traffic-priority in car radios.

[[Category:Road transport in Germany]]
[[Category:Broadcast engineering]]
[[Category:Radio technology]]
[[Category:German inventions]]
[[Category:1974 introductions]]
[[Category:Products and services discontinued in 2005]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in West Germany]]
[[Category:2005 disestablishments in Germany]]