Editing Aviion

[[Image:AViiON-logo.jpg|thumb|Aviion logo]]
'''Aviion''' (styled '''AViiON''') was a series of computers from [[Data General]] that were the company's main product from the late 1980s until the company's server products were discontinued in 2001. Earlier Aviion models used the [[Motorola 88000]] [[Central processing unit|CPU]], but later models moved to an all-[[Intel]] solution when [[Motorola]] stopped work on the 88000 in the early 1990s. Some versions of these later Intel-based machines ran [[Windows NT]], while higher-end machines ran the company's flavor of Unix, [[DG/UX]].

==History==
Data General had, for most of its history, essentially mirrored the strategy of [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] with a competitive (but, in the spirit of the time, incompatible) [[minicomputer]] with a better [[price/performance ratio]]. However, by the 1980s, Data General was clearly in a downward spiral relative to DEC. With the performance of custom-designed minicomputer [[CPU]]'s dropping relative to commodity microprocessors, the cost of developing a custom solution no longer paid for itself. A better solution was to use these same commodity processors, but put them together in such a way to offer better performance than a commodity machine could offer.

With Aviion, DG shifted its sight from a purely proprietary minicomputer line to the burgeoning [[Unix]] server market. The new line was based around the [[Motorola 88000]], a high performance [[RISC]] processor with some support for [[multiprocessing]] and a particularly clean architecture. The machines ran a [[UNIX System V|System V]] Unix variant known as [[DG/UX]], largely developed at the company's [[Research Triangle Park]] facility. DG/UX had previously run on the company's family of [[Data General Eclipse MV/8000|Eclipse MV]] 32-bit minicomputers (the successors to Nova and the 16-bit [[Data General Eclipse|Eclipse]] minis) but only in a very secondary role to the Eclipse MV mainstay [[Data General AOS|AOS/VS]] and [[AOS/VS II]] operating systems. Also, some Aviion servers from this era ran the proprietary [[Meditech]] MAGIC operating system.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cx0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA26 |magazine=Network World |date=Apr 23, 1990 |pages=23–26 |title=Hospital net links Novell, DG systems | first=Laura |last=DiDio |volume=7 |issue=17}}</ref>

From February 1988 to October 1990, [[Robert E. Cousins]] was the Department Manager for workstation development. During this time they produced the Maverick project and several follow-ons including the 300, 310 and 400 series workstations along with the 4000 series servers.<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=686992&authType=NAME_SEARCH&authToken=fQHC&locale=en_US&srchid=2889334381422461218567&srchindex=1&srchtotal=83&trk=vsrp_people_res_name&trkInfo=VSRPsearchId%3A2889334381422461218567%2CVSRPtargetId%3A686992%2CVSRPcmpt%3Aprimary  {{Self-published source|date=June 2022}}</ref>

Aviion were released in a variety of sizes beginning in the summer of 1989. They debuted as a [[Pizza box form factor|pizza box]] workstation (codenamed "Maverick"<ref name="personalworkstation198904_maverick">{{ cite magazine | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_personal-workstation_1989-04_1_4/page/38/mode/2up | title=Maverick | magazine=MIPS | last1=Lemmons | first1=Phil | last2=Mallett | first2=Mark | date=April 1989 | access-date=3 June 2022 | pages=38–40, 42, 44 }}</ref>) and a server in both roller-mounted and rackmount flavors ("Topgun"). Speed-bumped and scaled-up versions followed, culminating in, first, the 16-CPU '''AV/9500''' server and then the up to 32-way '''AV 10000''' server in 1995, DG's first implementation of a [[Non-Uniform Memory Access]] (NUMA) design. Workstations remained part of the line for a time, but the emphasis increasingly shifted towards servers.

In 1992, Motorola joined the [[AIM alliance]] to develop "cut down" versions of the [[IBM POWER instruction set architecture|IBM POWER]] CPU design into a single-chip CPU for desktop machines, and eventually stopped further development of the 88000. Because of this, DG gave up working with Motorola, and decided instead to align its efforts with what was soon to become the clear winner in volume microprocessors, and used [[i386]] architecture CPUs from Intel instead.

This resulted in a second series of Aviion machines based first on the [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]], and later on faster [[Pentium Pro]], [[Pentium II]] and [[Pentium III]] [[Xeon]] CPUs. This more commoditized hardware approach also led DG to develop NUMA servers that added a memory-coherent interconnect ([[Scalable Coherent Interconnect]] (SCI)) to "standard high-volume" x86 motherboards sourced from Intel. [[Sequent Computer Systems]], now part of [[IBM]], was following a similar strategy at the time. A system codenamed "Manx" was an earlier NUMA effort based on the original Pentium and Zenith hardware, but it was never brought to market. The '''AV 20000''' ("Audubon") connected to 32 Pentium Pro processors (on up to eight quad-processor building blocks) in this manner; the later '''AV 25000''' ("Audubon 2") upgrade expanded this to 64 Pentium II (later Pentium III) Xeons.

Based on the burgeoning popularity of Windows NT, Intel-based Aviion servers also added [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] to their OS roster across the Aviion x86 line. It ended up contributing a significant percentage of revenues at the low-end, especially among existing DG customers who had made a decision to switch to NT. However, at the high-end, although Windows NT could run efficiently on single-block (i.e. quad-processor) building blocks in NUMA servers, it did not at the time have the [[processor affinity|processor]] and memory affinity optimizations that are required to achieve high performance on larger systems. As a result, Windows on DG NUMA servers was always more of a marketing story than a technical reality.

Around the same time, DG was also aggressively working towards an "industry standard" Unix operating system with the [[Santa Cruz Operation]] and others. However, first with SCO's Data Center Acceleration Program (DCAP), and then [[Project Monterey]], this never came to pass. Ultimately, DG's NUMA servers ended up as just another large-scale proprietary Unix server at a time when the industry was coalescing around the Unix platform variants of just a few large vendors — [[Compaq]] (later acquired by HP), [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]], [[IBM]], and [[Sun Microsystems]].

In 1999, [[EMC Corporation|EMC]] purchased Data General for 1.2 billion dollars primarily to gain access to its [[Clariion|CLARiiON]] line of disk array storage products and associated software. Under the terms of the "pooling of interests merger," EMC maintained the server line for two years, but discontinued it as soon as the terms of the deal allowed, at which point Aviion disappeared.

==Notes==
The name "AViiON" has often been claimed to be an [[anagram]] of "Nova II", the [[Data General Nova|Nova]] being one of DG's most successful products. An employee competition was held to choose a name for the new line, but none of the suggestions was found to be acceptable for trademarking purposes. Given that early codenames for Eclipse systems included The Bird and The Big Bird, a reference to flight seemed appropriate. "Avion" had been suggested, but lacked the ability to be trademarked. At that time, two European companies had created a naming trend using repeated vowels - [[Baan Corporation|Baan]] and [[BiiN]]. Avion was modified by repeating the 'i' and making the rest of the word uppercase as AViiON. (''Avion'' (or ''avión'') is the word for "aircraft" in French and Spanish.)

The use of the "ii" was carried through to the CLARiiON and THiiN Line product lines.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110927073518/http://badabada.org/aviion.html The m88k Resource: Data General AViiON]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081118194552/http://www.ninthwonder.com/~briggs/aviion/ Allen Briggs' Data General AViiON information]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106155831/http://www.m88k.org/systems/folder.2005-02-05.0047476253/ Aviion at m88k.org]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131105091115/http://user.dtcc.edu/~ctribo/88k/ Unorganized collection of 88k AViiON technical information]

{{Data General}}

[[Category:Computer workstations]]
[[Category:Data General computers]]
[[Category:32-bit computers]]