Editing Badr Organization

{{distinguish|Badr Brigade in the Jordanian Army}}
{{Update|date=January 2018 | inaccurate=yes}}
{{Infobox political party
| logo             = Badr Organisation Political Logo.jpg
| logo_size        = 
| country          = Iraq
| name             = Badr Organization
| native_name      = منظمة بدر
| native_name_lang = ar
| colorcode        = black
| leader           = [[Hadi al-Amiri]]
| foundation       = {{start date|1982}} as the military wing of the [[Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq|ISCI]]<br />2003–present as a political movement
| ideology         = [[Shia Islamism]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-idUSKCN0JE03H20141130|title=Iraq's divisions will delay counter-offensive on Islamic State|publisher=Reuters|author=Dominic Evans|date=30 November 2014|access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />[[Khomeinism]]<ref name="auto1">{{Cite journal |last=Steinberg |first=Guido |date=July 2017 |title=The Badr Organization |url=https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/comments/2017C26_sbg.pdf |journal=German Institute for International and Security Affairs}}</ref><br/>[[Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist|Wilayat al-Faqih]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNHCR Web Archive |url=https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230527180140/https://www.refworld.org/docid/5538b4004.html |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=webarchive.archive.unhcr.org}}</ref><br/>[[Anti-Sunnism]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Dagres |first=Holly |date=2018-08-16 |title=Badr Brigade: Among Most Consequential Outcomes of the Iran-Iraq War |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/iransource/badr-brigade-among-most-consequential-outcomes-of-the-iran-iraq-war-2/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Atlantic Council |language=en-US}}</ref>
| position         = [[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Popular Mobilization Forces and Iraq's Future |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2017/04/the-popular-mobilization-forces-and-iraqs-future?lang=en&center=middle-east |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] |language=en}}</ref>
| religion         = [[Shia Islam]]
| national         = [[National Iraqi Alliance]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aawsat.net/2014/09/article55336600|title=National Alliance deadlocked over candidates for Interior Ministry|work=Asharq Al-Awsat|date=16 September 2014|access-date=20 October 2014|archive-date=17 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917104805/http://www.aawsat.net/2014/09/article55336600|url-status=dead}}</ref> (2005–2014)<br />[[State of Law Coalition]] (2014–18)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.alghadeer.tv/news/detail/14259/ |title=اسماء الفائزين من منطمة بدر في البرلمان المقبل |access-date=2018-12-07 |archive-date=2016-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310194611/http://www.alghadeer.tv/news/detail/14259/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://alghadeer.tv/news/detail/14274/ |title=90% من مرشحي منظمة بدر يفوزون بالانتخابات محققين 22 مقعدا |access-date=2018-12-07 |archive-date=2014-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523003118/http://www.alghadeer.tv/news/detail/14274/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.alghadpress.com/news/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9/131007/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86 |title=قيادي في بدر: نعمل على تشكيل تحالف جديد بعد انفصالنا عن دولة القانون |access-date=2022-06-24 |archive-date=2019-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612032448/https://www.alghadpress.com/news/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9/131007/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />[[Fatah Alliance]] (2018–present)
| flag             = Badr Organization Flag.png
| international    = [[Axis of Resistance]]
| seats1_title     = Seats in the [[Council of Representatives of Iraq]]:
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|17|329|hex=black}}
}}
{{Infobox War Faction
| name             = Badr Organization
| war              = [[Iraq War]], [[War in Iraq (2013–2017)|Iraqi Civil War]]
| image            = Badr Organization Flag.png
| caption          = Flag of the Badr Organisation Military Wing
| active           = 1982–2003 (officially)<br />2014–present
| leaders          = [[Hadi Al-Amiri]]
| clans            = [[#Structure|Structure]]
| headquarters     = [[Najaf]], [[Iraq]]
| area             = [[Baghdad]] and Southern [[Iraq]]
| allegiance       = {{flag|Iran}} ([[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]]) (alleged)<ref name="auto1"/>
| size             = 15,000 (2008)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dralonge |first1=Richard |title=Economics and Geopolitics of the Middle East |date=2008 |publisher=Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated |isbn=9781604560763 |page=61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-SBcCeLnaUC}}</ref><br />10,000–15,000 (2014)<ref name="breaking">{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/11/06/breaking-badr/|title=Breaking Badr|date=6 November 2015|work=Foreign Policy}}</ref>
| partof           = {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]] (originally)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Steinberg |first=Guido |date=July 2017 |title=The Badr Organization |url=https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/comments/2017C26_sbg.pdf |work=German Institute for International and Security Affairs}}</ref><br/>[[Popular Mobilization Forces]] (2014–present)
| predecessor      = [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]]
| successor        = 
| allies           = '''State allies:'''
* {{IRN}}
* {{IRQ}}
* {{flag|Ba'athist Syria}} (until 2024)
{{Collapsible list
|bullets = yes
|title = Non-state allies:
|{{flagicon image|Islamic Dawa Party Flag.svg}} [[Islamic Dawa Party]] ([[Nouri al-Maliki]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aawsat.com/home/article/274751/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7-%C2%AB%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B1%C2%BB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%9F|title=ميليشيا «بدر» الطائفية.. كيف تبني إيران دولة جديدة في العراق المعاصر؟|website=الشرق الأوسط}}</ref>
|{{flagicon image|Single Color Flag - FFFF00.svg}} [[Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jihadology.net/2013/09/09/hizballah-cavalcade-kataib-sayyid-al-shuhada-emerges-updates-on-the-new-iraqi-shia-militia-supplying-fighters-to-syria/|title=Hizballah Cavalcade: Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada Emerges: Updates on the New Iraqi Shia Militia Supplying Fighters to Syria|date=9 September 2013}}</ref>
|{{flag|Hezbollah}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/movementsandparties/2016/2/10/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF |title=بدر.. مليشيا عراقية حاربت صدام وقاتلت مع الأسد |access-date=2018-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121045417/http://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/movementsandparties/2016/2/10/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF |archive-date=2018-01-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|{{flagicon image|Single Color Flag - 007500.svg}} [[Saraya Ansar al-Aqeeda]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PF138Appendices/PF138_Appendix_2.pdf |title=Data |website=www.washingtoninstitute.org |access-date=2016-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325074712/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PF138Appendices/PF138_Appendix_2.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|{{flagicon image|Shabak Flag.jpg}} [[Shabak Militia|Quwwat Sahl Ninawa]]<ref name="numbers">{{cite web|url=http://www.rubincenter.org/2017/10/hashd-brigade-numbers-index/|title=Hashd Brigade Numbers Index|website=www.rubincenter.org|access-date=2018-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717153927/http://www.rubincenter.org/2017/10/hashd-brigade-numbers-index/|archive-date=2018-07-17|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|{{flagdeco|IRQ}} [[Liwa Assad Allah al-Ghalib fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/how-iran-is-building-its-syrian-hezbollah|title=How Iran Is Building Its Syrian Hezbollah|website=www.washingtoninstitute.org}}</ref>
|{{Flagicon image|Kata'ib_Hezbollah_sans_logo.JPG}}  [[Kata'ib Hezbollah]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/kataib-hezbollah|title=MMP: Kata'ib Hezbollah|website=cisac.fsi.stanford.edu}}</ref>
}}
| opponents        = '''State opponents:'''
* {{flag|Israel}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-april-13-2024 | title=Institute for the Study of War }}</ref>
* {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq}} (1982–2003)
{{Collapsible list
|bullets = yes
|title = Non-state opponents:
|{{flagdeco|Ba'athist Iraq}} [[Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.alhadath.net/alhadath/iraq/2014/06/26/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82.html |title=جيش "الطريقة النقشبندية".. لاعب جديد قديم في العراق |website=www.alhadath.net |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813063111/https://www.alhadath.net/alhadath/iraq/2014/06/26/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82.html |archive-date=13 August 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Mujahedin of Iran.svg}} [[People's Mujahedin of Iran]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.alghadpress.com/news/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9/46257/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A |title=الغد برس |website=www.alghadpress.com |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810221814/https://www.alghadpress.com/news/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9/46257/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A |archive-date=10 August 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|{{flag|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}}
|{{flagicon image|Flag_of_Islamic_Army_In_Iraq.svg}} [[Islamic Army in Iraq]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/abbottabad-compound/54/54F87F15D446471E9A12A4A0324BCB87_iraqinsurgency1206.pdf |title=State of the Sunni Insurgency in Iraq: 2006 |publisher=CIA |date=2006-12-29 |access-date=2025-03-14}}</ref>
|{{flagdeco|Syria|1932}} [[Free Syrian Army]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/syriasource/iraqi-shia-fighters-in-syria|title=Iraqi Shia Fighters in Syria|first=Ali|last=Alfoneh|date=4 May 2017}}</ref>
|{{flagdeco|Iraqi Kurdistan}} [[Peshmerga]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/10/kurdish-forces-and-iraqi-forces-militias-clash-in-northern-iraq.php|title=Kurdish and Iraqi forces, militias clash in northern Iraq |work=Long War Journal|date=26 October 2017}}</ref>
}}
| battles          = {{tree list}}
* '''[[Iran–Iraq War]]'''
* '''[[1991 uprisings in Iraq]]'''
** [[1991 uprising in Basra]]
** [[1991 uprising in Karbala]]
* '''[[Iraqi Kurdish Civil War|Kurdish Civil War]]'''
* '''[[Iraq War]]'''
** [[Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)]]
*** [[2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency]]
** [[Battle of Amarah]]
** [[Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)]]
** [[Battle of Basra (2008)|Battle of Basra]]
* '''[[War in Iraq (2013–2017)]]'''
** [[Salahuddin campaign]]
** [[Siege of Amirli]]
** [[Operation Ashura]]
** [[Dhuluiya offensive]]
** [[Battle of Baiji (2014–15)]]
** [[Second Battle of Tikrit]]
** [[Battle of Mosul (2016)]]
** [[2015–2018 Iraqi protests]]
* '''[[Syrian Civil War]]'''
** [[Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-iraqi-reinforcements-arrive-in-southern-aleppo-to-begin-the-march-to-idlib/|title=Hezbollah and Iraqi reinforcements arrive in southern Aleppo to begin the march to Idlib|date=25 December 2015|work=Al-Masdar News|access-date=29 July 2018|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617045507/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-iraqi-reinforcements-arrive-in-southern-aleppo-to-begin-the-march-to-idlib/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** [[Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/02/the-irgcs-involvement-in-the-battle-for-aleppo.php|title=The IRGC's involvement in the battle for Aleppo |website=FDD's Long War Journal|date=13 February 2016 }}</ref>
** [[Palmyra offensive (March 2016)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-hezbollah-liberate-al-amariyah-northern-palmyra/|title=Breaking: Syrian Army, Hezbollah liberate Al-Amariyah in northern Palmyra|date=26 March 2016|access-date=29 July 2018|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101094751/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-hezbollah-liberate-al-amariyah-northern-palmyra/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** [[2016 Southern Aleppo campaign]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/battle-southern-aleppo-way-syrian-army-attack-khan-touman/|title=Battle for southern Aleppo is under way as the Syrian Army attack Khan Touman|date=8 May 2016|access-date=29 July 2018|archive-date=3 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603010504/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/battle-southern-aleppo-way-syrian-army-attack-khan-touman/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** [[Northwestern Syria offensive (2024)]]
{{tree list/end}}
| designated_as_terror_group_by = {{UAE}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wam.ae/ar/news/emirates-arab-international/1395272465559.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117230142/http://www.wam.ae/ar/news/emirates-arab-international/1395272465559.html|archive-date=2014-11-17|title=مجلس الوزراء يعتمد قائمة التنظيمات الإرهابية. - WAM|date=17 November 2014}}</ref>
}}

The '''Badr Organization''' ({{langx|ar|منظمة بدر}} ''Munaẓẓama Badr''), previously known as the '''Badr Brigades''' or '''Badr Corps''', is an [[Iraq]]i [[Shia Islamism|Shia Islamist]] and [[Khomeinism|Khomeinist]]<ref name="auto1" /> political party and paramilitary organization headed by [[Hadi al-Amiri]]. The Badr Brigade, formed in 1982 and led by Iranian officers, served as the military arm of the [[Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq]] (SCIRI), a Shia Islamic party based in Iran. The Badr Brigade was created by Iranian intelligence and Shia cleric [[Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim]] with the aim of fighting the [[Ba'athist Iraq|Ba'athist regime]] of [[Saddam Hussein]] during the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. Since the [[2003 invasion of Iraq|2003 US-led invasion of Iraq]], most of the Badr Brigade fighters have entered the new Iraqi army and police force. Since 2003, the Badr Brigade and SCIRI were considered to be one party, but have recently unofficially separated<ref>"The Supreme Council Undergoes Broad Changes in the Ranks… Hakim: We Paid a High Price in Previous Elections," al-Rafidayn, Nov. 20, 2011</ref> with the Badr Organization now being an official Iraqi political party. Badr Brigade forces, and their Iranian commanders, have come to prominence in 2014 fighting the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL) in Iraq.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aawsat.net/2014/09/article55336936 |title=Hadi Al-Ameri: A Militia Leader Torn between Washington and Tehran |access-date=26 March 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213204222/http://www.aawsat.net/2014/09/article55336936 |archive-date=2014-12-13}}</ref> It is a part of the [[Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq)|Popular Mobilization Forces]].

== History ==
=== SCIRI ===
The organization was formed in Iran in 1982 as the military wing of the [[Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq]]. It was based in Iran for two decades during the rule of [[Saddam Hussein]] and led by Iranian officers. It consisted of several thousand Iraqi exiles, refugees, and Iraqi Army defectors who fought alongside Iranian troops in the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. The group was armed and directed by Iran.

They briefly returned to Iraq in 1991 during the [[1991 Iraqi uprising]] to fight against Saddam Hussein, focusing on the Shia holy cities of [[Najaf]] and [[Karbala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merip.org/mer/mer176/why-uprisings-failed|title=Why the Uprisings Failed |date=4 May 1992 |publisher=Middle East Research and Information Project|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref> They retreated into Iran after the uprising was crushed.

In 1995, during the [[Kurdish Civil War]], Iran deployed 5,000 Badr fighters to Iraqi Kurdistan.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.meforum.org/384/turkey-and-iran-face-off-in-kurdistan/|title=Turkey and Iran Face off in Kurdistan|date=March 1998|journal=The Middle East Quarterly|last1=Gunter|first1=Michael M.}}</ref>

=== Post-invasion Iraq ===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Badr Organisation fighters.png|thumb|200px|left|Fighters belonging to Badr Organisation.]] -->

Returning to Iraq following the 2003 US-led invasion, the group changed its name from brigade to organization in response to the attempted voluntary disarming of Iraqi militias by the [[Coalition Provisional Authority]]. It is however widely believed the organization is still active as a militia within the security forces and it has been accused of running a secret prison<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/mideast-crisis-iraq-militias/|title=Torture by Iraqi militias: the report Washington did not want you to see|date=14 Dec 2015|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> and sectarian killings during the [[Sectarian violence in Iraq (2006–2008)|Iraqi Civil War]].<ref name="independent2006" />

Because of their opposition to Saddam Hussein, the Badr Brigade was seen as a U.S. asset in the fight against [[Baathist]] partisans. After the [[Battle of Baghdad (2003)|fall of Baghdad]], Badr forces reportedly joined the newly reconstituted army, police, and the Interior Ministry in significant numbers. The Interior Ministry was controlled by SCIRI, and many Badr members became part of the Interior Ministry-run [[Wolf Brigade (Iraq)|Wolf Brigade]]. The Iraqi Interior Minister, [[Bayan Jabr]], was a former leader of Badr Brigade militia.

In 2006 the United Nations human rights chief in Iraq, John Pace, said that hundreds of Iraqis were being tortured to death or executed by the Interior Ministry under SCIRI's control.<ref name="independent2006">Andrew Buncombe & Patrick Cockburn, [https://web.archive.org/web/20080430151426/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/iraqs-death-squads-on-the-brink-of-civil-war-467784.html "Iraq's death squads: on the brink of civil war,"] ''The Independent'' (Feb. 26, 2006). Retrieved 7 February 2015.</ref> According to a 2006 report by the ''Independent'' newspaper:
<blockquote>"Mr Pace said the Ministry of the Interior was 'acting as a rogue element within the government'. It was controlled by the main Shia party, the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (Sciri); the Interior Minister, [[Baqir Jabr al-Zubeidi]], is a former leader of SCIRI's Badr Brigade militia, which was one of the main groups accused of carrying out sectarian killings. Another was the Mahdi Army of the young cleric [[Muqtada al-Sadr]], who is now part of the Shia coalition seeking to form a government after winning the mid-December election.

Many of the 110,000 policemen and police commandos under the ministry's control are suspected of being former members of the Badr Brigade. Not only counterinsurgency units such as the Wolf Brigade, the Scorpions, and the Tigers, but the commandos and even the highway patrol police were accused of acting as [[death squads]] during this period over a decade ago.

The paramilitary commandos, dressed in garish camouflage uniforms and driving around in pick-up trucks, were dreaded in Sunni neighbourhoods. People arrested by them during this period were frequently found dead several days later with their bodies bearing obvious marks of torture."<ref name="independent2006" /></blockquote>

=== Military action against ISIL ===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Fighters of the Badr Organization.png|thumb|150px|left|Fighters belonging to Badr Organisation.]] -->
{{main|War in Iraq (2013–2017)}}

Following [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIL]]'s successful [[Anbar campaign (2013–14)|Anbar campaign]] and [[Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)|June 2014 offensive]], the Badr Organization mobilized and won a series of battles against ISIL, including the [[Liberation of Jurf Al Sakhr]] and the [[Siege of Amirli|Lifting of the Siege of Amirli]].<ref name="breaking" /> In early February 2015, the group, operating from its base at [[Camp Ashraf]], fought in [[Diyala Governorate]] against ISIL. Over 100 militia were killed in the fighting, including 25 in [[El Mansouria, Iraq|Al Mansouryah]]. Badr's leader, [[Hadi al-Amiri]], said his militiamen were committed to the safety of [[Sunni Islam|Sunnis]], but deep mutual suspicions remained in the light of recent sectarian killings and the suspicion that some Sunni tribes were allied with IS.<ref name=NTY02715>{{cite news|author1=Kareem Fahim|title=Shiite Militia Drives Back Islamic State, but Divides Much of Iraq|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/08/world/shiite-militia-drives-back-islamic-state-but-divides-much-of-iraq.html|access-date=February 8, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=February 7, 2015|quote=Daesh was like hell}}</ref> A leaked US diplomatic cable cited sources alleging that Hadi al-Amiri personally ordered attacks on Sunnis.<ref name="auto"/>

== Structure ==
[[File:Qobur sepahian badr iraqi 1.jpg|thumb|The tombs of the martyred members of the Badr Organization in [[Golzar Shohada of Qom|Golzar Shahada]] of [[Qom]]]]
[[File:Qobur sepahian badr iraqi 2.jpg|thumb|The graves of the members of the Badr Organization in the [[Golzar Shohada of Qom|Golzar Shahada]] of [[Qom]]]]
The Badr Corps consists of infantry, armor, artillery, anti-aircraft, and commando units with an estimated strength of between 10,000 and 50,000 men (according to the Badr Organization).
*Quwat al-Shahid Muhammed Baqir al-Sadr<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jihadology.net/category/quwet-al-shahid-muhammed-baqir-al-sadr/|title=Quwet al-Shahid Muhammed Baqir al-Sadr|website=jihadology.net}}</ref>
*Imam Muhammad al-Jawad Brigade<ref name="numbers" />
*Karbala Brigade<ref name="numbers" />
*Tashkil al-Karar<ref name="numbers" />
*The Turkmen Brigade Northern Front<ref name="numbers" />
*Quwat al-Shaheed al-Qa'id Abu Muntadhar al-Muhammadawi<ref name="numbers" />
*Tashkil Malik al-Ashtar<ref name="numbers" />
*[[Feyli Kurd Brigade]]<ref name="numbers" /> – 16 June 2014<ref>[http://www.alarshef.com/maqalat/m-alseyasia/2017-06-15-15-45-04 Al Seyasia June 2017] {{dead link|date=December 2022}}</ref>
**Led by Secretary-General of [[Supreme National Front of Feyli Kurds]], Maher al-Feyli
**Size: 1,000–5,000<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.basnews.com/ar/babat/144650 |title=Bas News |access-date=2020-08-18 |archive-date=2022-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910224652/https://www.basnews.com/ar/babat/144650 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
**Helped by: Saad al-Madlabi (from [[State of Law Coalition]]) and [[Mouin AlKazmi|Mouin Al-Kazmi]]

== Scientific evaluation ==
The [[German Institute for International and Security Affairs]] (SWP) recognized a rise in the Shiite Badr organization since 2014 under the leadership of its Secretary General Hadi al-Amiri. In 2017, SWP wrote that the Badr organization is one of "the most important actors in Iraqi politics". It has become the most important instrument of Iranian politics in Iraq. Its aim is "to exert the greatest possible influence on the central government in Baghdad and at the same time to build the strongest possible Shiite militias that are dependent on Iran". The foundation compared the role of the organization with that of [[Hezbollah]] in [[Lebanon]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Badr Organization|url=https://www.swp-berlin.org/publikation/the-badr-organization-irans-instrument-in-iraq|access-date=2021-12-25|website=Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP)|language=de-DE}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Shia Islam|Iraq|Asia}}
* [[Private militias in Iraq]]
* [[List of armed groups in the War in Iraq (2013–2017)|List of armed groups in the War in Iraq (2013-17)]]
* [[List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War]]
* [[Holy Shrine Defender]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* Michele Norris & Ivan Watson, [https://www.npr.org/programs/atc/transcripts/2003/mar/030310.watson.html "Profile: Opposition Group Claiming to Represent Iraqi Shias Enters Northern Iraq,"] ''All Things Considered'' (March 10, 2003), NPR.
* [[Counter Extremism Project]] [http://www.counterextremism.com/threat/badr-organization profile]

{{Iraqi political parties}}
{{Popular Mobilization Forces}}
{{Armed groups in the Iraq conflict}}
{{Syrian Civil War}}
{{Militant Islamism}}

[[Category:Badr Organization| ]]
[[Category:Factions of the Popular Mobilization Forces]]
[[Category:Arab militant groups]]
[[Category:Conservative parties in Iraq]]
[[Category:Factions in the Iraq War]]
[[Category:Paramilitary forces of Iraq]]
[[Category:Rebel groups in Iraq]]
[[Category:Shia Islamic political parties]]
[[Category:Anti-ISIL factions in Iraq]]
[[Category:Anti-ISIL factions in Syria]]
[[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Iraq]]
[[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Syria]]
[[Category:Pro-Assad factions of the Syrian civil war]]
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Shia Islamist groups]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist]]
[[Category:Paramilitary organizations based in Iraq]]
[[Category:Jihadist groups in Iraq]]
[[Category:Axis of Resistance]]