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{{Short description|Round object}} {{Other uses}} {{pp-semi-indef}} {{pp-move}} {{use mdy dates|date=May 2024}} [[File:Ball, പന്ത്.JPG|thumb|Group of balls]] A '''ball''' is a round object (usually [[sphere|spherical]], but can sometimes be [[ovoid]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gpZx5wQbxvMC&q=spherical+or+ovoid+ball&pg=PA404|title=Code of Federal Regulations: 1985–1999|date=5 November 1999|publisher=U.S. General Services Administration, National Archives and Records Service, Office of the Federal Register|access-date=5 November 2017|via=Google Books|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107021013/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gpZx5wQbxvMC&pg=PA404&dq=spherical+or+ovoid+ball&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-r96o96fXAhXEDsAKHTKcAr4QuwUIKDAA|archive-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> with several uses. It is used in [[ball game]]s, where the play of the game follows the state of the ball as it is hit, kicked or thrown by players. Balls can also be used for simpler activities, such as catch or [[juggling]]. Balls made from hard-wearing materials are used in [[engineering]] applications to provide very low [[friction]] bearings, known as [[ball bearings]]. [[Black powder|Black-powder]] weapons use stone and metal balls as [[projectile]]s. Although many types of balls are today made from [[rubber]], this form was unknown outside the [[Americas]] until after the voyages of [[Christopher Columbus|Columbus]]. The Spanish were the first Europeans to see the bouncing rubber balls (although solid and not inflated) which were employed most notably in the [[Mesoamerican ballgame]]. Balls used in various sports in other parts of the world prior to Columbus were made from other materials such as animal bladders or skins, stuffed with various materials. As balls are one of the most familiar spherical objects to humans, the word "ball" may refer to or describe spherical or near-spherical objects. "Ball" is used metaphorically sometimes to denote something spherical or spheroid, e.g., [[armadillos]] and human beings curl up into a ball, or making a fist into a ball. == Etymology == The first known use of the word ''ball'' in English in the sense of a globular body that is played with was in 1205 in ''[[Layamon's Brut, or Chronicle of Britain]]'' in the phrase, "{{lang|la|Summe heo driuen balles wide ȝeond Þa feldes.}}" ("Some of them drove balls far across the fields.") The word came from the [[Middle English]] ''bal'' (inflected as ''ball-e, -es''), in turn from [[Old Norse]] ''böllr'' (pronounced {{IPA|non|bɔlːr|}}; compare Old Swedish ''baller'', and Swedish ''boll'') from [[Proto-Germanic]] ''ballu-z'' (whence probably Middle High German ''bal, ball-es'', Middle Dutch ''bal''), a [[cognate]] with [[Old High German]] ''ballo, pallo'', Middle High German balle from Proto-Germanic ''*ballon'' (weak masculine), and Old High German ''ballâ, pallâ'', Middle High German ''balle'', Proto-Germanic ''*ballôn'' (weak feminine). No Old English cognate of any of these is known. (The hypothetical corresponding forms in Old English would have been ''beallu, -a, -e''—compare ''bealluc, ballock''.) If ''ball-'' was native in Germanic, it may have been a cognate with the Latin ''foll-is'' in sense of a "thing blown up or inflated." In the later Middle English spelling ''balle'' the word coincided graphically with the French ''balle'' "ball" and "bale" which has hence been erroneously assumed to be its source. French ''balle'' (but not ''boule'') is assumed to be of Germanic origin, itself, however. In [[Ancient Greek]] the word πάλλα (''palla'') for "ball" is attested<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpa%2Flla&highlight=ball πάλλα] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924204511/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=pa%2Flla&highlight=ball |date=2015-09-24 }}, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref> besides the word σφαίρα (''sfaíra''), ''[[sphere]]''.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dsfai%3Dra^&highlight=ball σφαίρα] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052243/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry%3Dsfai%3Dra%5E&highlight=ball |date=2017-03-20 }}, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref> ==History== [[File:Russian balls 12-13.jpg|thumb|Russian [[leather]] balls ({{Langx|ru|мячи}}), 12th-13th century.]] Some form of game with a ball is found portrayed on [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] monuments.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Egypt State Information Service |title=Ancient Egyptian Sport |url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/section/10/733?lang=en-us |access-date=2024-05-27}}</ref> In [[Homer]], [[Nausicaa]] was playing at ball with her maidens when [[Odysseus]] first saw her in the land of the [[Phaeacia]]ns (Od. vi. 100). And Halios and Laodamas performed before [[Alcinous]] and Odysseus with ball play, accompanied with dancing (Od. viii. 370).<ref name="eb1911"/> The most ancient balls in [[Eurasia]] have been discovered in [[Karasahr]], [[China]] and are 3000 years old. They were made of hair-filled leather.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/leather-balls-point-ancient-chinese-sport-180976102/|title=These Hair-Filled Leather Pouches Are the Oldest Balls Found in Eurasia|last=Gershon|first=Livia|date=October 21, 2020|website=www.smithsonianmag.com|publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]]|access-date=November 2, 2020}}</ref> ===Ancient Greeks=== Among the [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greeks]], games with balls (σφαῖραι) were regarded as a useful subsidiary to the more violent athletic exercises, as a means of keeping the body supple, and rendering it graceful, but were generally left to boys and girls. Of regular rules for the playing of ball games, little trace remains, if there were any such. The names in Greek for various forms, which have come down to us in such works as the Ὀνομαστικόν of [[Julius Pollux]], imply little or nothing of such; thus, ἀπόρραξις (''aporraxis'') only means the putting of the ball on the ground with the open hand, οὐρανία (''ourania''), the flinging of the ball in the air to be caught by two or more players; φαινίνδα (''phaininda'') would seem to be a game of catch played by two or more, where feinting is used as a test of quickness and skill. Pollux (i. x. 104) mentions a game called [[episkyros]] (ἐπίσκυρος), which has often been looked on as the origin of football. It seems to have been played by two sides, arranged in lines; how far there was any form of "goal" seems uncertain.<ref name="eb1911">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Ball}}</ref> It was impossible to produce a ball that was perfectly spherical;<ref name="Garland2008">{{cite book|last=Garland|first=Robert|date=2008|title=Ancient Greece: Everyday Life in the Birthplace of Western Civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-R1PmAEACAAJ&q=Ancient+Greece:+Everyday+Life+in+the+Birthplace+of+Western+Civilization|publisher=Sterling|location=New York City, New York|isbn=978-1-4549-0908-8|page=96}}</ref> children usually made their own balls by inflating pig's bladders and heating them in the ashes of a fire to make them rounder,<ref name="Garland2008"/> although [[Plato]] (fl. 420s BC – 340s BC) described "balls which have leather coverings in twelve pieces".<ref>{{cite book | author = Plato | author-link = Plato | editor = Charles W. Eliot | translator = Benjamin Jowett | title = The Apology, Phædo and Crito of Plato – The Golden Sayings of Epictetus – The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/harvardclassics002elio/page/107 | access-date = May 16, 2020 | edition = 1st | series = The Harvard Classics | volume = 2 | year = 1909 | publisher = P. F. Collier and Son | location = New York | page = 107 | chapter = Phædo (Dialogues of Plato) }}</ref> ===Ancient Romans=== Among the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]], ball games were looked upon as an adjunct to the bath, and were graduated to the age and health of the bathers, and usually a place (sphaeristerium) was set apart for them in the baths (thermae). There appear to have been three types or sizes of ball, the pila, or small ball, used in catching games, the paganica, a heavy ball stuffed with feathers, and the [[Follis (ball game)|follis]], a leather ball filled with air, the largest of the three. This was struck from player to player, who wore a kind of [[Gauntlet (glove)|gauntlet]] on the arm. There was a game known as [[Trigon (game)|trigon]], played by three players standing in the form of a triangle, and played with the follis, and also one known as [[harpastum]], which seems to imply a "scrimmage" among several players for the ball. These games are known to us through the Romans, though the names are Greek.<ref name="eb1911"/> ===Modern ball games=== [[File:How_to_play_basket_ball;_a_thesis_on_the_technique_of_the_game_(IA_howtoplaybasketb02mess).pdf|thumb|right|alt=An early manual for teaching basketball|An early manual for teaching basketball]] The various modern games played with a ball or balls and subject to rules are treated under their various names, such as [[polo]], [[cricket]], [[football]], etc.<ref name="eb1911"/> ==Physics== In [[sports]], many modern balls are pressurized. Some are pressurized at the factory (e.g. [[tennis]], [[squash (sport)|squash]]) and others are pressurized by users (e.g. [[volleyball]], [[basketball]], [[football]]). Almost all pressurized balls gradually leak air. If the ball is factory pressurized, there is usually a rule about whether the ball retains sufficient pressure to remain playable.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-10 |title=Preparing the Footballs for NFL Games {{!}} NFL Football Operations |url=https://operations.nfl.com/updates/the-game/preparing-the-footballs-for-nfl-games/ |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=operations.nfl.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=LaCombe |first=Ronnie |title=How much air can fit in a basketball? |url=https://www.columbiatribune.com/story/lifestyle/family/2018/04/03/how-much-air-can-fit/985314007/ |access-date=2023-11-02 |website=Columbia Daily Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> Depressurized balls lack bounce and are often termed "dead". In extreme cases, a dead ball becomes flaccid. If the ball is pressured on use, there are generally rules about how the ball is pressurized before the match, and when (or whether) the ball can be repressurized or replaced. Due to the [[ideal gas law]], ball pressure is a function of temperature, generally tracking ambient conditions. Softer balls that are struck hard (especially squash balls) increase in temperature due to [[inelastic collision]]. In outdoor sports, wet balls play differently than dry balls. In indoor sports, balls may become damp due to hand sweat. Any form of humidity or dampness will affect a ball's surface friction, which will alter a player's ability to impart spin on the ball. The action required to apply spin to a ball is governed by the physics of [[angular momentum]]. Spinning balls travelling through air (technically a [[fluid mechanics|fluid]]) will experience the [[Magnus effect]], which can produce lateral deflections in addition to the normal up-down curvature induced by a combination of [[wind resistance]] and [[gravity]]. <gallery> File:Green Rubber Band Ball.jpg|[[Rubber band ball]] File:Black Super Ball.jpg|[[Super Ball]] File:A cherry utility ball in a field (cropped).jpg|[[Utility ball]] File:Sponge Ball.jpg|Sponge ball </gallery> == Specifications == {{sticky header}} {| class="wikitable sticky-header" |+ !Sport !Regulated by !Shape !Circumferency !Diameter !Weight !Pressure !Bounce !Material !Image |- |[[Basketball (ball)|Basketball]] |[[FIBA]] |[[Sphere]] |75-77 centimeters | - |580-620 grams | |1.035-1.085 meters dropped from height of 1.8 meters |leather, artificial/composite/synthetic leather |[[File:Basketball.png|100px]] |- |[[Bowling ball|Bowling]] |[[International Bowling Federation|IBF]] |Sphere |{{Convert|26.704-27.002|in|cm}} |{{Convert|8.5-8.595|in|cm}} |{{Convert|16|lb|g}} | - | |non-metallic |[[File:20190118B Plastic bowling ball fingertip grip.jpg|frameless|100x100px]] |- |[[Cycle ball]] |[[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]] |Sphere | - |17-18 centimeters |500-600 grams | - | |textile (case) |[[File:20190530_Dresden_-_Die_Welt_der_DDR_-_082.jpg|100px]] |- |[[Goalball]] |[[International Blind Sports Federation|IBSA]] |Sphere |75.5-78.5 centimeters |24-25 centimeters |1200-1300 grams | | |natural rubber with internal bells | |- |[[Golf ball|Golf]] |[[International Golf Federation|IGF]] |Sphere | - |{{Convert|1.68|in|cm}} |{{Convert|1.62|oz|g}} | - | |elastomeric material |[[File:Golfball.jpg|100px]] |- |[[Sepak takraw|Sepaktakraw]] |[[International Sepaktakraw Federation|ISTAF]] |Sphere |41-43 centimeters | - |170-180 grams | - | |woven synthetic fiber |[[File:Rattan sepak tawraw ball.png|100px]] |- |[[Shinty]] |[[Camanachd Association]] |Sphere |{{Convert|7.5-8|in|cm}} | - |{{Convert|2.5-3|oz|g}} | - | | *cork or rubber (core) * worted * leather or leather-like (case) | |- |[[Sliotar|Gaelic games]] |[[Gaelic Athletic Association|GAA]] |Sphere | - |{{Convert|69-72|mm|in}} |110-116 grams | - | |leather (case) |[[File:A Hurling Sliotar.jpg|frameless|100x100px]] |- |[[Tchoukball]] |FITB |Sphere |58-60 centimeters | - |425-475 grams | | | | |- |[[Water polo ball|Waterpolo]] and [[Canoe polo|Canoe Polo]] |[[World Aquatics]] |Sphere |68-71 centimeters | - |400-450 grams |{{Convert|7.5-8.5|psi}} | | |[[File:NewWaterPoloBall.JPG|100px]] |- | colspan="10" |'''[[Bat-and-ball games|Bat and ball sports]]''' |- |[[Baseball (ball)|Baseball]] | rowspan="3" |[[World Baseball Softball Confederation|WBSC]] | rowspan="3" |Sphere |{{Convert|9-9.25|in|cm}} | - |{{Convert|5-5.25|oz|g}} | - | | * cork or rubber (core) * yarn * white horsehide or cowhide (case) |[[File:Baseball (crop).jpg|100px]] |- |[[Softball]] |{{Convert|11.875-12.125|in|cm}} | - |{{Convert|6.25-7|oz|g}} | - |0.47 [[Coefficient of restitution|e]] | * long fiber kapok, mixture of cork and rubber or polyurethane mixture (core) * twisted yarn and covered with latex or rubber cement * horsehide or cowhide (case) |[[File:Yellow softball.jpg|100px]] |- |[[Baseball5]] |20.84 centimeters |6.64 centimeters |84,8 grams |{{Convert|7.99|kgf}} (to press the ball into the center of inside by 30%) |76 centimeters (from 150 centimeters in height, drop to marble floor) |natural rubber | |- |[[British baseball|Pêl-Fas]] |[[International Baseball Board|IBB]] |Sphere |{{Convert|8.5-9|in|cm}} | - |{{Convert|4.5-5|oz|g}} | | | |[[File:Wales Vs England Baseball International ball.jpg|frameless|100x100px]] |- |[[Pesäpallo]] |Finnish Pesäpallo Association |Sphere |{{convert|21.6 - 22.2|cm|in}} | - |{{convert|160–165|g|oz}} | | | | |- |[[Cricket ball|Cricket]] |[[International Cricket Council|ICC]] |Sphere |{{Convert|8.81-9|in|cm}} | - |{{Convert|5.5-5.75|oz|g}} | - | | |[[File:Cricket-ball-red-madeinaustralia.jpg|100px]] |- |[[Oină]] |Romanian Oină Federation |Sphere |24 centimeters |8 centimeters |140 grams | | | * livestock hair * leather (case) | |- |[[Schlagball]] | |Sphere |19-21 centimeters | - |70-85 grams | - | |red leather covered | |- | colspan="10" |'''[[Boules]]''' |- |[[Boccia]] |[[Boccia International Sports Federation|BISFed]] |Sphere |26.2-27.8 cm | - |263-287 grames | - | |vinyl, polyurethane fabric, leather, synthetic leather, suede |[[File:Boccia at the 2024 Summer Paralympics - September 8.jpg|frameless|100x100px]] |- |[[Bocce volo]] (bowl) | rowspan="6" |[[World Pétanque and Bowls Federation|WPBF]] | rowspan="6" |Sphere | rowspan="2" | - |8.9-11.1 centimeters |900-1200 grams | rowspan="2" | - | |metal or synthetic |[[File:Boule ferrée.jpg|frameless|101x101px]] |- |Bocce volo (jack) |3.5-3.7 centimeters |23-27 grams | |wood | |- |[[Pétanque|Petanque]] (boule) | rowspan="2" | - |7.05-8 centimeters |650-800 grams | rowspan="2" | - | |metal | rowspan="2" |[[File:Boule.kugel.jpg|frameless|100x100px]] |- |Petanque (jack) |2.9-3.1 centimeters |10-18 grams | |wood or synthetic |- |[[Raffa (boules)|Raffa]] (bowl) | rowspan="2" | - |10.55-10.75 centimeters |895-925 grams | rowspan="2" | - | | rowspan="2" |synthetic | |- |Raffa (pallino) |3.9-4.1 centimeters |83-97 grams | | |- | colspan="10" |'''[[Billiard ball|Cue sports]]''' |- |[[Carom billiards|Carom]] | rowspan="3" |[[World Confederation of Billiards Sports|WCBS]] | rowspan="3" |Sphere | - |6.1-6.15 centimeters |205-220 grams | - | | |[[File:Carom billiards balls.jpg|100px]] |- |[[Pool (cue sports)|Pool]] | - |{{Convert|2.25-2.3|in|cm}} |{{Convert|5.5-6|oz|g}} | - | |cast phenolic resin plastic |[[File:Billiards 10 balls.jpg|100px]] |- |[[Snooker]] | - |5.2-5.3 centimeters | - | - | | |[[File:Situació de snooker xinès.jpg|100px]] |- | colspan="10" |'''[[Football (ball)|Football codes]]''' |- |[[Ball (gridiron football)|American]] |[[International Federation of American Football|IFAF]] | rowspan="2" |[[Lemon (geometry)|Lemon]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weisstein |first=Eric W. |title=Lemon Surface |url=https://mathworld.wolfram.com/LemonSurface.html |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=mathworld.wolfram.com |language=en}}</ref> |{{Convert|28-28.5|in|cm}} (longitudinal) × {{Convert|21-21.25|in|cm}} (transversal) |{{Convert|11-11.25|in|cm}} (longitudinal) | rowspan="2" |{{Convert|14-15|oz|g}} | rowspan="2" |{{Convert|12.5-13.5|psi}} | |urethane (bladder), case (leather) |[[File:Wilson American football.jpg|100px]] |- |Canadian |[[Football Canada]] |{{Convert|27.75-28.5|in|cm}} (longitudinal) {{Convert|20.75-21.375|in|cm}} (transversal) |{{Convert|10.875-11.4375|in|cm}} (longitudinal) {{Convert|6.25-6.75|in|cm}} (transversal) | | |[[File:Canadian football.png|frameless|100x100px]] |- |[[Ball (association football)|Soccer]] | rowspan="3" |[[FIFA]] | rowspan="3" |Sphere |{{Convert|27-28|in|cm}} | - |{{Convert|14-16|oz|g}} |{{Convert|8.5-15.6|psi}} | - | - |[[File:Football Pallo valmiina-cropped.jpg|100px]] |- |[[Beach soccer]] |68-70 centimeters | - | rowspan="2" |400-440 grams |{{Convert|0.4-0.6|atm}} | - | - |[[File:Beach soccer ball.jpeg|100px]] |- |[[Futsal]] |62-64 centimeters | - |{{Convert|0.6-0.9|atm}} |50-65 centimeters on the first rebound when dropped from a height of 2 meters | - | |- |[[Australian rules football|Australian rules]] |[[AFL Commission]] |[[Spheroid|Prolate spheroid]] |72 – 73 cm (elliptic) × 54.5 -55.5 cm (circular) | - | - |69 kilopascals | | - |[[File:Sherrin.png|100px]] |- |[[Gaelic ball|Gaelic]] and [[International rules football|International rules]] |GAA |Sphere |68-70 centimeters | - |480-500 grams | {{Convert|9-10|psi}} |0.5222-0.576 e when dropped from 1.8 meters | - |[[File:Gaelic football ball on pitch.jpg|100px]] |- |[[Rugby ball|Rugby]] league |[[International Rugby League|IRL]] | rowspan="2" |Prolate spheroid | | | | | |leather |[[File:Steedenfootball.jpg|100px]] |- |[[Rugby ball|Rugby]] union |[[World Rugby]] |74 - 77 centimeters (elliptic) × 58 - 62 centimeters (circular) |28-30 centimeters (longitudinal) |410 - 460 grams |{{Convert|9.5-10|psi}} | |leather or synthetic material |[[File:Afghan Rugby.jpg|100px]] |- | colspan="10" |'''Handball''' |- |[[Handball|Indoor]] (with resine) | rowspan="3" |[[International Handball Federation|IHF]] | rowspan="3" |Sphere |58-60 centimeters | - |425-475 grams | | | rowspan="2" |leather or synthetic | rowspan="2" |[[File:Гандбол.jpg|100px]] |- |Indoor (without resine) |55.5-57.5 centimeters | - |400-425 grams | | |- |[[Beach handball|Beach]] |54-56 centimeters | - |350-370 grams | | |rubber | |- | colspan="10" |'''[[Hockey]]''' |- |[[Bandy ball|Bandy]] and [[Rink bandy]] |[[Federation of International Bandy|FIB]] |Sphere | - |6.1-6.5 centimeters |60-65 grams | - |15-30 centimeters on ice dropped from height of 1.5 meters | - |[[File:Bandy ball (Orange).JPG|100px]] |- |[[Field hockey|Field]] and [[Indoor hockey|indoor]] | rowspan="2" |[[International Hockey Federation|FIH]] | rowspan="2" |Sphere |22.4-23.5 centimeters | - |156-163 grams | - | | - |[[File:Balle de hockey sur gazon.jpg|frameless|100x100px]] |- |Beach |45 centimeters | - |140-250 grams | - | | - | |- |[[Roller hockey (quad)|Roller]] |[[World Skate]] |Sphere | - |7.2 centimeters |145-155 grams | - | |pressed rubber/plastic |[[File:Roller-hockey-(Quad)-Ball.jpg|100px]] |- | colspan="10" |'''[[Lacrosse]]''' |- |[[Lacrosse ball|Field]] and [[Box lacrosse|Box]] | rowspan="3" |[[World Lacrosse]] | rowspan="3" |Sphere |{{Convert|7.75-8|in|cm}} | - |{{Convert|5-5.25|oz|g}} | - |{{Convert|45-49|in|cm}} on wooden floor from height of {{Convert|72|in|cm}} |rubber |[[File:Brine lax ball.jpg|100px]] |- |[[Lacrosse sixes|Sixes]] |19.7-20.3 centimeters | - | - | - | | rowspan="2" |elastomeric | |- |[[Women's lacrosse|Women]] |20-20.3 centimeters | - |142-149 grams | - |1.1-1.3 meters on wooden floor dropped from height of 1.8 meters | |- |[[Intercrosse]] | |Sphere |23-25 centimeters | - |80-100 grams | - | |rubber | |- | colspan="10" |'''Polo''' |- |[[Polo]] | rowspan="2" |[[Federation of International Polo|FIP]] | rowspan="2" |Sphere | - |{{Convert|3-3.5|in|cm}} |{{Convert|4.25-4.75|oz|g}} | - | | | |- |Snow |{{Convert|15|in|cm}} | - |{{Convert|6|oz|g}} | | | | |- | colspan="10" |'''Racquet sports''' |- |[[Squash (sport)|Squash]] |[[World Squash Federation|WSF]] |Sphere | - |3.95-4.05 centimeters |23-25 grams | | | - |[[File:Squash Ball Dunlop Revelation Pro 1.jpg|100px]] |- |[[Table tennis]] |[[International Table Tennis Federation|ITTF]] |Sphere | - |4 centimeters |2.7 grams | - | |plastic |[[File:Assortment of 40 mm table tennis balls.jpg|100px]] |- |[[Tennis ball|Tennis]] |[[International Tennis Federation|ITF]] |Sphere | - |{{Convert|6.54-6.86|cm|in}} |{{Convert|56-59.4|g|oz}} |{{Convert|1|psi}} |{{Convert|54-60|in|cm}} | |[[File:Tennis ball 01.jpg|100px]] |- | colspan="10" |'''Volleyball''' |- |[[Volleyball (ball)|Volleyball]] | rowspan="2" |[[Fédération Internationale de Volleyball|FIVB]] | rowspan="2" |Sphere |65-67 centimeters | - | rowspan="2" |260 - 280 grams |{{Convert|4.26-4.61|psi}} | | rowspan="2" |rubber (bladder), leather or synthetic leather (case) |[[File:Volleyball.jpg|100px]] |- |[[Beach volleyball|Beach]] and [[Snow volleyball|Snow]] |66-68 centimeters | - |17.1-22.1 kilopascals | |[[File:Mikasa VLS300 official beach volleyball.jpg|100px]] |} == See also == * [[Ball (mathematics)]] * [[Buckminster Fullerene]] "Bucky balls" * [[Dryer ball]], used in a tumbling dryer * [[Football (ball)]] * [[Hockey puck]], can also spin, bounce, and roll * [[Kickball]] * [[Marbles]] * [[Penny floater]] * [[Prisoner Ball]] * [[Shuttlecock]] * [[Super Ball]] == References == {{reflist}} == External links == {{Wiktionary|ball}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Balls| ]] [[Category:Spheres]]
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