Editing Ballistic Missile Defense Organization

{{Short description|Former agency of the United States Department of Defense}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2007}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox government agency
|agency_name     = Ballistic Missile Defense Organization
|nativename      = BMDO
|logo            =
|logo_width      = 140px
|logo_caption    = Logo
|seal            = Bmdologo.png
|seal_width      = 140px
|seal_caption    =
|formed          = {{ubli|1974 (original)|1993 (newer version)}}
|dissolved       = {{ubli|1984 ([[Strategic Defense Initiative|renamed]])|2002 ([[Missile Defense Agency|renamed]])}}
|preceding1      = [[Strategic Defense Initiative]]
(1993)
|superseding1    = [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] (1984)
|superseding2    = [[Missile Defense Agency]] (2002)
|jurisdiction    = [[Federal government of the United States]]
|headquarters    =
|employees       =
|budget          =
|child2_agency   =
|website         =
|footnotes       =
}}
The '''Ballistic Missile Defense Organization''' ('''BMDO''') was an agency of the [[United States Department of Defense]] that began on 20 May 1974 with the responsibility for all U.S. [[ballistic missile]] defense efforts. It was renamed the [[Missile Defense Agency]] in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mda.mil/about/history.html|title=MDA History|date=January 23, 2019|website=mda.mil|access-date=May 31, 2019}}</ref>

==History==
BMDO evolved from the SAFEGUARD System Organization.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}} The original mission of BMDO was comparable to that of SAFEGUARD, which was to defend  U.S. ballistic missile sites, but BMDO  additionally had the more general role of conducting research and development in advanced ballistic missile defense (BMD) technology and  also managed what was then called the [[Kwajalein Missile Range]] (KMR).<ref name='Bernstein2003 Chap III p86'>{{harv|Bernstein|Lang|2003|loc=Chpt. III, p. 86}}</ref> In July 1984, BMDO became a part of the [[Strategic Defense Initiative Organization]] (SDIO) and one year later BMDO was renamed the U.S. Army Strategic Defense Command.<ref name='Bernstein2003 Chap III 106'>{{harv|Bernstein|Lang|2003|loc=Chpt. III, p. 106}}</ref>

The name "Ballistic Missile Defense Organization" (BMDO) came back into use in 1993 when SDIO was renamed BMDO  by the administration of President [[Bill Clinton]]  and this was accompanied by a shift in emphasis from national missile defense to theater missile defense, i.e. from global to regional coverage. 
In 1998, focus shifted back to national missile defense when Defense secretary [[William Cohen]] proposed spending an additional $6.6 billion on ballistic missile defense programs to build a national system to protect against attacks from North Korea or accidental launches from Russia or China.<ref name='Farnsworth1999'>{{cite web | url = https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/military/jan-june99/nmd_1-28a.html | title = A VIABLE DEFENSE? | access-date = 2010-12-31 | last = Farnsworth | first = Elizabeth | date = 1999-01-28 | work = Online NewsHour | publisher = MacNeil/Lehrer Productions| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110127132413/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/military/jan-june99/nmd_1-28a.html| archive-date= 27 January 2011 <!--DASHBot-->|url-status = live}}</ref>

BMDO became better known in the public eye in 1994 when it launched a space probe, [[Clementine mission|Clementine]], to the [[Moon]], in collaboration with [[NASA]]. BMDO was primarily interested in field testing new satellite and space reconnaissance technologies incorporated in Clementine, technologies which enabled Clementine to discover pockets of ice at the Moon's south pole.

BMDO was renamed the [[Missile Defense Agency]] in 2002 by the administration of President [[George W. Bush]].

==Timeline==
<!-- [[BMDO Timeline]] redirects to this section -->
{| class="toccolours"
|+ Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO)
|<timeline>
ImageSize  = width:750 height:700
PlotArea   = left:40 right:30 top:10 bottom:20 
DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy
TimeAxis   = orientation:vertical order:normal format:yyyy
Period     = from:05/20/1974 till:01/02/2002
AlignBars  = early
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:01/01/1975
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:05/20/1974
Colors =
  id:gray value:gray(0.7)

# there is no automatic collision detection,
# so shift texts up or down manually to avoid overlap

Define $dx = 20 # shift text to right side of bar

PlotData =
  bar:event width:20 color:blue shift:($dx,-4) 

  from:start till:end color:blue

  mark:(line,white)
  at:01/02/2002 text:"January 2, 2002, BMDO was renamed the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) by G. W. Bush administration."
  at:01/25/2001 text:"January 25, 2001, successful flight test of SM-3 / LEAP."
  at:05/11/1999 shift:($dx,5) text:"May 11, 1999, Lt. Gen. Ronald T. Kadish USAF confirmed as director of BMDO."
  at:03/17/1999 shift:($dx,-5) text:"March 16-17, 1999, The US Senate and House voted to commit the United States to deploy a national anti-missile defense system."
  at:08/31/1998 text:"August 31, 1998, North Korean test of a Taepo Dong-1 missile over Japan."
  at:02/07/1997 text:"February 7, 1997, A PAC-2 missile successfully intercepted a simulated SCUD TBM."
  at:06/26/1996 text:"August 2, 1996, Lt. Gen. Lester G. Lyles USAF confirmed as director of BMDO."
  at:03/01/1996 shift:($dx,-10) text:"March 1996, The Peoples' Republic of China (PRC) fired four M-9 missiles that landed near Taiwan."
  at:02/11/1994 shift:($dx,7) text:"February 11, 1994, Extended Range Interceptor (ERINT) selected for the PAC-3 theater missile defense program."
  at:01/25/1994 shift:($dx,-2) text:"January 25, 1994, Clementine mission to the moon, testing BMD sensor technology." 
  at:08/04/1993 text:"November 19, 1993, Maj. Gen. Malcolm O'Neill USAF confirmed as director of BMDO and promoted to Lt. Gen. on November 22."
  at:05/13/1993 shift:($dx,-11) text:"May 13, 1993, SDIO was renamed the BMDO by Clinton administration."
  at:07/01/1985 text:"July 1, 1985, BMDO was renamed the U.S. Army Strategic Defense Command."
  at:07/01/1984 text:"July 1984, BMDO became a part of Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) which was created 3 months earlier by Reagan administration."
  at:05/20/1974 text:"May 20, 1974, BMDO began as a replacement of SAFEGUARD and  was responsible for all U.S. ballistic missile defense efforts."
</timeline>
|}

==See also==
* [[Strategic Defense Initiative Organization]] (SDIO), predecessor organization
* [[Missile Defense Agency]] (MDA), successor organization
* [[Ground-Based Midcourse Defense]] (GMD), previously named [[National Missile Defense]] (NMD)
* [[Anti-satellite weapon]]s
* [[Anti-ballistic missile]]
* [[Militarisation of space|Militarization of space]]

==References==
{{cite book | last1 = Bernstein | first1 = Lewis | last2 = Lang | first2 = Sharon | title = Seize the High Ground - The Army in Space and Missile Defense | publisher = [[U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command]]/Army Forces Strategic Command (SMDC/ARSTRAT) | year = 2003 | location = [[Redstone Arsenal]], Alabama | url = http://www.smdc.army.mil/2008/HistoryBook.asp | access-date = 2010-12-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110115085421/http://www.smdc.army.mil/2008/HistoryBook.asp | archive-date = 2011-01-15 |url-status = dead}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306060137/http://www.smdc.army.mil/2008/Historical/Book/Chap3.pdf Chapter III]

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ballistic Missile Defense Organization}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060301165436/http://www.mda.mil/ Missile Defense Agency]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060113224129/http://www.mda.mil/mdalink/html/history.html Missile Defense Agency history page]

[[Category:Missile Defense Agency]]
[[Category:Space weapons]]
[[Category:United States military history timelines]]
[[Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines]]
[[Category:Strategic Defense Initiative]]